ECONOMIC RESEARCH REVIEW
Year:2004 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Iranian economy has undergone dramatic changes in the past thirty years. Employment opportunities have witnessed ups and downs due to forces applied by domestic or foreign policies. The overall indicators show increase in the creation of jobs within the country. However, growth percentages are considerably different when various economic sectors are taken into account. In a 20 year period, the growth of employment in agricultural sector was 13.3%, industry 50%, construction 38.8% and services 137%. This uncoordinated growth rate among various sectors , has been the main cause of today"s huge number of unemployed youths which is increasing by about 700,000 per annum. The fourth national development plan should look at the issue of employment if the future comprehensive development of the country is the ultimate goal of policy-makers and economists. The present article explors the role that each sector of economy, has played the total spectrum of employment in Iran and envisages future trends according to capital investments and policy making.

Agricultural Bank as the only specialized bank in agricultural affairs, is presenting credits in Banking System in the form of current credits, capital credits, and reserve. Agricultural Bank along with other banks which financing capital, as one of the factors of production, have had a good performance in fulfilling its relative tasks. In this research, we review the effects of the Credits of the Agricultural Bank on macroeconomic variables in agricultural sector, including value added and investment, using Johansen test and VAR model during 1348-1379. The result shows that the Credits of the Agricultural Bank, have not a long period monosided relationship with two above mentioned variables. If the shock applied equals to the standard deviation VAR model, we will see a decrease in investment and hance in value added of the the Agricultural sector. The share of two above mentioned variables in standard deviation for each shock would be more than the amount of Credits of the Agricultural Bank. Also Credits of the Agricultural Bank in each shock have a stable positon, or in the other hand, instable factor in each shock are just value added and investment.

The establishment of the modern administrative and financial system in Iran, turns back to nearly a century ago. Taking into account the highly significant role of the tax as a tool for the realization of the financial policies of the government, however, it should be said that this issue has not been heeded so sufficiently. Thus, taking steps in order, for the creation of a social understanding in regard to the tax issue, seems absolutely necessary. Consequently, this paper is an attempt to study comparatively the Iran tax system with those of other countries, particularly the successful ones. The researcher decided to examine the complexity of services marketing in Iran and tried to introduce the tax system of the country, as well. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the system, were the final objectives. In order to accomplish this, the data was collected from the three layers, including tax veterans, tax officials, and taxpayers. The processing of the data, paved the way to achieve some interesting results. Based on these facts and the principles suggested by the World Bank Experts, a model with appropriate approaches were recommended.

This article has a look to a few concepts such as privatization, making public sectors smaller, elimination of subsidy, and making trade free in developing countries, which are of important issues today. In this regard basic theories of new conservative governments are of importance, too. The present research also studies the dispersion procedure and appreciation of economic adjustment in the world and its consequences particularly on the developing countries. In the meantime it also surveys the role of international institutes and their effects on the reforming processes in the developing countries.

According to Dutch Disease Theory, economic booming in one-sector of on economy affects all the other sectors of the economy as well. As an example, it can be pointed out: the strengthening of real exchange rate, raising the level of imports, decreasing exports of the non-booming sector, weakening of traditional sector, and moving labor and other factors of production to the booming sector. The raise in the level of oil revenue, as a result of the rise in oil price, has proved many assumptions of Dutch Disease Theory in Iran. One assumption is that the rise of oil revenue results in a decline of production in agricultural and other traditional sectors. This paper examines the assumption, by utilizing regression analysis and 1350-1379 time series data to study the effect of oil price fluctuations on the prodoction of agricultural sector in Iran. The result of this study shows that the assumption is true for Iran and the rise in oil price has a negative effect on the agricultural sector. On the other hand the results show, the oil price shock on the value added of agricultural sector declines and vanishes over time.

The present research, in general, studies the relationship between the public expenditures arid private sector"s investment. In this survey the effect of different variables such as gross domestic products (GDP), national income, the opportunity cost of investment, financial and economic source of provided credits and their effect on private sector"s investment are the main issues to be discussed. In the meantime with the help of a model the intensity of the relationship between public expenditures and private sector"s investement in Iran"s economy are evaluated and studied.

The development of financial markets is an important factor in economic development. More developed financial markets can absorb investment through demestic resources but also investment. through foreign the stock market and factors affecting it, play an important role in the economic studies. The main purpose of this article is to survey the effect of fiscal impulses and the other macroeconomic variable impulses on stock market. For empirical test, we use Vector Auto Regressive Model and for this reason we use time series data during 1369-79. we discussed various impulses and their immediate effects on different variables through application of impulse response and variance decomposition and tried to show how these variables changes affect on stock prices.

Globalization is a new phenomenon and its root goes back to the years after second world war. Thus, after war, many steps were taken, such as establishing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1326 (1947) and then World Trade Organization (WTO) in (1375) 1996. So these two organisations are parts of globalization process and because of it"s global charactristics, all countries in the world have to try to join this Trend, or think about it. This paper, shows a part of this global process, with especial emphesis on Iran.