ECONOMIC RESEARCH REVIEW
Year:2006 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (20)|Papers Count:11

This paper intends to study the effects of trade liberalization on the labor market structure in Iran. While there exist studies with different findings in this context, but most of them face a common result which indicates that the impact of trade liberalization both on the employment and wage rate of skilled labor is positive whereas in regard to the unskilled labor the effect is either negative or insignificant. Also, the short-run and the long-run impacts of the trade liberalization on employment are different. In this paper attempt is made by relying on the theoretical basis of the labor market as well as the result of the previous studies, the demand function for skilled and unskilled labor force, both with GDP and non oil GDP to be estimated. In estimated demand functions, to the issue of stationary in time series variables and testing the model with ARDL method and the degree of openness in the economy have been taken into account. The long-run estimated labor demand function during the period 1350- 1383 does not indicate any effects from trade liberalization, but in the short run labor demand function a significant role for trade liberalization is realized and its impact on the employment of skilled labor is larger than the unskilled labor. Also, the findings of this study indicate that the degree of economic openness has larger effects both on the skilled and unskilled labor demand in the short-run while the non oil GDP is considered.

Smuggling is a part of informal economy which is not recorded in formal statistics. In this essay, at first a theoretic model from the Commodity Smuggling is presented and then by taking advantage of this model and Using the Latent Variables Method, the Commodity Smuggling size in time series (1960-2002) for Iran's economy is obtained. The results from this study are as mentioned below: 1. Tariff rate, risk of smuggling, exchange rate in Black Market, and the rate of formal exchange are the most important factors of Smuggling. The Smuggling indicators include Imports Commodity Price Index and Government revenues. 2. Smuggling trend in examination case period has full fluctuation and that upward movement in recent years confirmed.      

The aim of this study is analysing demand for new automobiles in Iran by means of elasticities. The cost share for new cars is used in the framework of an AIDS model, and the disaggregated data have been used to consider regional differences, but the results show that these differences are not sensible, especially in the 2ndprice range. Another finding is that all own price elasticities are almost equal to unity & all cross price elasticities are very small except for Pride & Paykan, which is more than one.      

Economic development requires investment in different economic sections and activities. We can not expect economic welfare, employment and productivity without investment in infrastructures. Today due to the lack of domestic resources for investment; most countries tend to absorb foreign investment. One way to do this is to have export processing areas or free trade and industrial zones. Recognizing the limitations and obstacles to absorb and develop investment in free zones will help us to understand the factors influencing the attraction and improvement of foreign investment. Recognizing the factors influencing the attraction of foreign capitals for free zones, polarizing and specifying the role of each factor in absorbing foreign capitals can help the policy makers to take appropriate measures. And this has been done for the first time through AHP technique. The zone under the study is Chahbahar Free Zone. The results suggest that due to the lack of executive organization and efficient management system in the area with priority coefficiency 0.32 is the most considerable problem in absorbing foreign capitals, lack of transparency and efficiency of some inappropriate regulations and laws in the area with priority co-efficiency 0.25, the governments inappropriate policies in the area with priority co-efficiency 0.23 and lack of infrastructures and public services with priority co-efficiency 0.20 follow.        

The monetary policy affects on economy by several channels. The most important are Interest rate channel, exchange rate channel and credit channel. In interest rate channel case, decreasing in money supply cause to increase interest rate and so investment is decreasing and it causes the diminishing of production. But in exchange rate channel, decreasing in money supply cause to increase interest rate and so, the rise of attractiveness domestic banking facilities. Following this situation, export prices start to rise and so, export and national production decrease. The function of credit channel is that decreasing in money supply cause to decrease bank deposit and following that, banking facilities diminish and it causes investment and production decrease. In this article, we try to study the function of credit channel. In other words, the effect of monetary policy on banking facilities, credits and liquidity has been studied. The results of this study show that monetary policy index (legal deposit rate) has negative effect on banking facilities and credit growth rate. So the existence of credit channel in Iran has accepted. But, as this effect is so little, the result of this monetary policy index would not be acceptable in policy making.    

Capital is one of the most restrictive economic resources throughout the world. For this reason the economists and financial experts always try to find a way of using the recourses, suitably. Therefore what we need to review and study, is the validity and reliability of procedures which must be allocated to efficient and productive activities, ultimately lead to economic and social growth and people assurance, in applying their wealth. Therefore the main question' for the commercial units is that, will they be a suitable measure to evaluate management performance, which enable them to distinguish investment opportunities and encourage the management in making decision which generate values? In order to evaluate management performance of commercial units different indexes represented such as Capital Return, Equity Return, Profit Margin, Growth of the profit. But what is important for the stockholders is the cash flows. Since their main interest is to invest in order to gain profits, to get profit, investors are eager to invest in profitable projects with trade-off return & risk. Regarding to economic profit measurements to generate exceed return on expected return of investors base on definite risk, they can much better measure the performance of the entity. If the result is positive, we can derive that the management has increased the value of the entity through operating activity and visa versa. So this paper is trying to compare economic profit with accounting profit in order to forecast the return and at the end to introduce a model to calculate it.    

In this article, we applied a method for portfolio selection using Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) that related to Goal Programming. Among listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, some of them were selected based on some criteria that, mostly emphasizes on liquidity of the shares. Then information related to each company gathered and data were calculated. Consequently, this process facilitated the investor's decision making. The result indicated that all of the goals were achieved and for considering trade off between risk and return a diversified portfolio was selected.      

In this paper we have selected a sample of governmental companies through the stock market during 1991 till 2003. Then by using the most important common indices and with the technique of accounting and AHP, have analysed their performance before and after privatization of these companies which have gone through the stock exchange market.      

In this study, the effect of disclosure level of accounting information on systematic risk of the sampled firms is investigated. Disclosure level of accounting information is estimated by comparing companies' financial reports for the year ended 20-3-2000 with the disclosure requirements in Iranian accounting standards enforced from 21-3-1999, business law, Tehran Stock Exchange regulations and Iranian Tax law. Systematic risk is measured with Beta factor for the sampled firms. Sampled firms of this study is selected from companies listed on Tehran stock exchange, involved in business other than agriculture, mining and oil. Results indicate that there is no relationship between the level of disclosure of accounting information and the systematic risk of firms under study.