ECONOMIC RESEARCH REVIEW
Year:2005 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

In this paper, we have studied the marginal efficiency of labor and capital factors. We also, studied the technical progress on the productivity of production factors in agricultural and industrial sectors and compared the technical progress on both. Sector a Cob-Dougloss production function was used for the study. A time series data for the period of 1962-2001 from National Account of Central Bank, FAO and IELDB2 were used, too.The results showed that the marginal efficiency of labor and capital in both agricultural and industrial sectors were positive, however, the co-efficiency in agriculture was not much different from that of industry. Also, the results indicated that the effects of quantity changes on the productivity of labor factor in industry is negative where as the quantity changes on capital is positive.The qualitative changes of labor and capital on value added in agricultural sector are negative and qualitative changes of capital and labor on value added in industrial sector are positive, but the negative effects of technical progress on labor and capital on value added in industrial sector was less than agricultural sector.

This paper analyzes the short-run and. long-run relationships of the effective factors on real exchange rate in Iran's economy during 1959-2001. In this way, it first analyzes the exchange rate policies in Iran and then provides the theoretical model of the effective factors on exchange rate used for an oil structured economy, like Iran. It also proceeds to study the determinant factors in short-run and long-run behaviors of real exchange rate using vector auto- regressive model.The results reveal that the increase in budget deficit, terms of trade, and money supply had an upward effect on real exchange rate and, on the contrary, the increase in import tax variable, net foreign assets, and oil prices, had a downward effect.

One of the main factors of stable economic growth and development in countries is investment. In Capital Market and stock exchange market also the role of Investment companies as financial intermediary are very important. The efficiency of these companies is one of the influential phenomenon in economic sector, also by increasing their efficiency, it would be possible to promote the economic performance of the country, and therefore, we should evaluate the activities and performance by an appropriate mechanism. In this research, the system of a performance measurement for evaluating the efficiency of these companies is designed, and through this system we can evaluate all the 19 investment companies of Tehran Stock Exchange Market.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of four exchange rate systems; fixed, floating, managed floating, and crawling with bands. The traditional approach focuses more on the anchor role of exchange rates, exchange rate risk and the independence of monetary policy. The new approach, however, focuses more on the issue of misalignment and vulnerability to crisis. The paper argues that the choice of an exchange rate system depends on the weights policy-makers attach to each of the advantages and disadvantages of the system in which the four systems vary greatly from each other. In addition, political considerations do matter in the choice of exchange rate system. Experiences of developing countries clearly show that the long-term consequences of an exchange rate system should not be forgotten for the sake of just the short-term benefits. It seems that this issue has, intentionally or unintentionally, been forgotten in the choice of exchange rate system in Iran during the last three decades.

One of the most important issues in econometrics is the survey on the long-run relationship of economic variables. With one another among the available methods for this purpose, three of them seem to be of great importance as follows:1. Tow- stage Engle Granger Method2. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Method3. The Bounds Test MethodIn this article, by applying the Bounds-Test Approach, we have tried to study the relationship of demand of money and the long-run affecting factors. Furthermore, we have compared the results of this approach with Johansen Cointegration Method.According to the result Bounds Test Approach of there is a long-run relationship between the demand of money and, the affecting factors. In addition, we have also tried to estimate the long and short-run elasticities, using the so called General to Specific Method.

By reviewing applied studies about government expenditures impacts on the economic growth rate shows a short-run positive relationship, but not in the long-run. The basic question is that how this affect would be, if we consider some countries whose economies depend on their oil revenues.In this article, government role is considered by volume of taxes and expenditures during 1970-98 for selected OPEC member countries by using pool data method estimation. Results show that government expenditures have more impacts upon growth rate than taxes.

One of the most important risk management methods applied in many corporations and banks, is Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM).In this method, systematic approach in gathering information and evaluating them is used.In this article, we try to describe how to make an efficient and effective decision about credit of the bank customers.As it is known, credit scoring effects credit risk management. Nowadays, all of the banks in the world use these methods. In the past, AHP model for credit scoring was used more, but these days it has been criticized by many scientists.Due to these problems, this method is not applicable. The main idea of using decision making models in this article is to make a right decision about customers' credit status.The reason for using appropriate models in allocating and distributing banks credit for customers who are credible is very important. As a result, for managing risk, we can use this model to allocate bank resources so efficiently and effectively.As the consequence of applying one of the models of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)in this article, three listed companies were ranked.

Establishment of Value Added Tax in Iran can be surveyed from different aspects. This paper is intending to find an answer to this question that whether execution of VAT is necessary or not. This can be done, through a scientific approach. Thus, this can be made clear through a valuable, comparison which is based on a scientific logic. First we compare Iran's tax system with a world average and then with a survey on the components of the tax system, we pay attention to the needs of moving toward the establishment of VAT in Iran.The analysis of applying the results of this approach indicates that establishment of VAT in Iran as a whole can decrease the gap between the world average index and Iran's tax system in achieving the optimized tax index.