RESEARCH ON SPORT SCIENCE
Year:2002 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

The purpose of this research was to identity problems and obstacles that reserchers of physical education and sports science face in conducting research in their professional work. 148 scientific board members of physical education and sports science in different universities expressed their opinions in this regard.Five main categories of professional - speciality, organizational administrative, facility - equipment, and financial - economic factors were identified. According to the results of this study, the experts and professors are more willing to participate in more income-earning activities due to the lack sufficient funds for research. Inadequate opportunity for the professional in physical education to attend international scientific meetings is considered as the personal - social factor that leads to avoidynce in conducting research. Adding to these, lack of emphasize by the higher education system leads to an inadequate number of professional researcher. Lack of close relations with international sports research centers is considered the weakness in organizational - administrative dimension, and lack of appropriate facitities and equipment is considered another contributing factor to not conducting reseach in this area.

Mental States Assessment Tool (OMSAT) was originally puhlished to he a mcasure of the mental readiness of athletes. Because of the growing interest in using the Farsi translation of OMSAT in Iran, this study was designed to mcasure the validity or this tool. Subjects were 300 male athletes who filled out the questionnaire. The normative data were submitted to principal components factor analysis followed by an orthogonal rotation to simple structure using the varimax criterion. According to the results, twelve major themes of mental states were distinguished; some of them were moderately correlated. The results positively suggest using the Farsi translation of

In this study, spinal abnormalities of female subjects, including track and field athletes and former athletes, were investigated. 22 subjects (mean age 25.76 ± 6.67), were selected non-randomly and divided into two groups; Group 1 :athletes (n= 13); and Group 2: former athletes (n=9). Data collection was done through questionnaires and physical examinations. Information in questionnaires included; personal characteristics; athletic history; medical records, habitual movements and exercise patterns. Height. weight. skinfold, and arm and leg girths were measured using standard techinques and devices. The Heath-Carter Somatotype Rating Form and New York Test were used to determine the body type and the posture of subjects. A pilot study was also perfomed: Data were analyzed by statistical method of Chi Square Test; and the following were concluded: In athlete group, 58.04% and in former athletes 43.43% had normal posture. There was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in ptosis between athlete and former athlete subjects. Training 1-3 times per week is better than 4-6 times per week for athletes.In general former athletes had higher rate of abnormalities than the other group including control group. In conclusion, hjgh rate of spinal abnormalities of subjects, especially. in former athletes, reemphasised the Qeed for athletes to follow-up with corrective exercises through his or her life. These exercises should be also prescribed according to the special sport demand for athletes to keep the spinal alignment normal.

The identification and training of athletes in child hood or adolescence have become a necessity. It takes many years of intensive regular training to achieve international sports performance level. Therefore the correct identification and encouragement of young talent is becoming important everywhere. Scientific studies indicate that the suitable conditions, age, education, and experienced coaches, genetic predisposions, etc are of great importance for a successful sports career.The purpose of this study is to survey age-ranges and sport performance of swimmers at national levels. In this research, results of elite and national swimmers with an age-range of below 10 years until adults were selected as subjects. The statistical procedures were carried out using ANOYA, and Tukey Test by using statistical and Excel for windows, and Pearsons r to compare group coefficient correlation were utilized. The findings of this research indicate there is no a significant relationship between age-ranges of success of Iranian national team swimmers, and improvement of results process in different age groups. While results also shows there is a positive and significant reaItionship between results of 1500 m free style and 100m buttertly and age-ranges.

Football is one of the most popular sports in the world, and now foothall has attracted the attenfore of girls in the recent years. Due to the popularity of football, it is important to pay attention to it from different aspect, such as promotion of training level and reducing of physical injuries. Several factors have been studied to evaluate sport activities. In this regard, many special studies have been carried out on nitric oxide (NO) and its metabolites in the past few years. In addition to the desirable the physiological effects of NO. it might affect athletic activities as a restrictive factor, if its concentration rises above the normal level with extention of extreme pressure on muscle in some kind of sports (eg.football) . The serum conentration of CK enzyme is increased as a result of muscle activity. Find whether conentration of serum no varied during the exercise. For this purpose, 15 players trained under the supervision of researcher in the camp for 8 weeks were chosen. The cases were sampled in seven steps. The first step was carried out at the beginning of the exercise and the others were carried out in three times with define intervals (each time done in two teps, before and after each session). When the last sampling was carried out, the level m NO and CK in the samples were tested respectively by Griess and enzymatic methods. The comprison of mean differences (before and after each step) gave the following results: 1st step (37 ± 6µM), 2nd (43 ± 3µM) and 3rd (52± 6µM) I"m NO with" P : 0.001 and 1st step (565± 52 lU/L), 2th (7m ± 50 lU/L) amd 3trd (602 ± 76 lU/L) with P = 0.001 I"m CK. These results indicate that the amoumt of CK has an increased level until the middle of the exercise duration (15 th weck), then it goes down until the last of the exercise duration. But NO level increased until the end of the exercise duration. These results indicates an increase in serum concentration of CK-T coordinate with intensity of the exercise. But there is coordination betwecn serum level of NO and duration of exercise. Since no research was carried out in this field previously it is recommended this research be considered as the first invcstigation activity and the results of other research works, be assessed together.

The place of positive emotions such as "happiness" and its relationship with different aspects of personality and effective factors involved this subject such as : participation in athletic activities is not obvious, so the purpose of this research, was to find a relationship between different aspects of personality with happiness in a population of athlete and non-athlete female students in Tabriz University. For this purpose, the following questions were taken into consideration: 1- Which aspects of personality dose every athletic and non athletic female student have and are there any differences in these aspects, or not? 2- In which of these two groups is the rate of happiness greater, and is rate is int1uenced by personality aspects? For achiving these goals. after determining the acceptable validity and reliability of the Oxford happiness questionaire, different personality aspects of 51 athletes (with mean age of 21.14±1.76) and 62 non-athletes (with mean age of 21.53±2.35) from among the inventory of ninety (90) item Eysenck personality (test) was elicited and its relation with the happiness variable was investigated. The Collected data were analysed using Karl Pearson"s correlation coefficient test, and t test in SPSS 7.5 software. The results showed that the experimental athletic group, in comparison with non - athletic group, had more extroverted personality and the significant difference between thes two groups was α< 0.05. Also, athletic experimental group had a higher- happiness rate than that of non-athlete group. This significant was α<0.01 and this is while, therc is a highcr correlation coefficience between extroversion and happiness in mm-athlctcs (α <0.01). On the other hand, neuroticism aspects of athletic group was lowcr than those of non-athletic group. This difference was anout α<0.05. There was a high negative correlation coefficience between neuroticism and happiness (α<0.01). Disregarding the negligible diffcrence, there was no any significant difference between psychoticism of expcrimcntal groups. As a result, regular participation in favorable athletic activities as a pleasant and optimal social activity, can provide the means for happincss and growth of personality. Meanwhile, athletic activities are not determiners of pcoplc"s personality and proving the opposite (that athletic activites arc dctcrmincrs of people"s personality) reguires further investigation.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare sport-confidence subscales between elite athletes and non-elite athletes. 116 boxers, wrestlers. and weight liners who participated in a national competition, were sampled in this study. Instruments were Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory (TSCI), and State Sport - Confidence Inventory (SSCI). Independent t test and one-way ANOV A were used to compare groups and Pearson"s correlation was used to find the relationships between variables. The results of this study showed that elite athletes trait sport-confidence (P<0.000), state sport-confidence (P<0.000) and sport-confidence (P<0.000) are significantly greater than non-elite athletes. In addition, ANOV A results demonstrated that elite boxers" trait (P<0.000), state (P<0.003) and sport-cinfidence (P<0.003) are significantly greater than non-elite boxers and wrestlers, respectively; but there arc no significant differences between elite and non-elite weightlifters. In the elite wrestlers, Pearson"s correlation results showed that, there arc significant relationships between training experience with trait (P<0.01), state (P<0.04) and sport-confidence (P<0.005). The conclusion is that technical and skill priority, acquired places and the amount of training can increase athletes" self-confidence in sport settings.

It has been shown that climbing some mountain at the 3800m above sae level can effect some on haematologic variables and VO2max . The purpose of this research was to study of altitued-induced hypoxia upon some hacmatological factors (e.g: RBC-Hb-HCT-MCY- MCH-MCHC-RDW-TIBC -Serum iron) and cardiovascular and VO2max. In the present research 16 men mountaineers (age 27 - 44 years) were participated voluntarily and variables of studying after the climbing (24h Rest) to altitude 74150 m above sea level (Final Campe Damavand) and return of altitud (30 h) to sae level was measured. The finding of the present research indicate that a singificant increase in serum iron (from 94.5±48 to 130.25±29.05 mg/dl) and RDW (from 13.22±0.95 to 14.51 ±o.72%) in the altitude, but the serum iron was significant dereased (62.06± 14.15 mg/dl) after return of the altitude. The YO2max decreased (from 36.88±3 to 33.64±3.92 ml/kg. min) in 4150m altitude were significantly observed but, it was remarkably increased after return of the altitude with pretest and return conditions (R=0.60,P,0.05) The HR rest, HReserve, HRexercise and the blood pressure during climbing has been progressively increased in the altitan increased serum iron could be caused by and increases in HCT% and more absorbtion of iron in colon. During recovery phase or return, an reduced serum iron may be occured under following two mechanisms: first, physiologic HCT is decreased, secondly processing of Erythroposes production in altitude probably mounted iron uptake. Furthermore, an increased RDW in mountainous area was relleeted to progressive reticulocytes in boold tlow. A low PO2 and a reduced VO2 uptake in pulmonary circulation during altitude is caused a decreased functional capacity (VO2 max) in male mountaineers. These data indicated that during transit and presence (24h) in altitude; the change serum iron & REW variables are more than other haematologic variables. However, the changes In cardiovascular factors were occurred envioronmental acclimitazation.