Internal Medicine Today
Year:2018 | Volume:24 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:13

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program based on health belief model regarding safe childbirth on selected delivery mode among pregnant women. Material and methods: In this field trial 100 pregnant women had participated who were selected by cluster sampling method from several community health centers in Gonabad city. The subjects randomly allocated to one of intervention or control group. Intervention group received an educational program regarding safe childbirth based on health belief model. Control group received routine educations provided in community health centers. All subjects fulfilled the health belief, self-efficacy questionnaires and detected the mode of delivery before and one month after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 considering p<0. 5 as statistically significant. Findings: Results showed that the mean and SD of age and gestational age of subjects were 27. 38 ± 3. 32 and 24. 26± 4. 35, respectively. One month after intervention two group were statically difference in term of Knowledge about modes of delivery (p<0. 0001), perceived self-efficacy (p=0. 047), perceived sensivity (p=0. 001), perceived severity (p<0. 0001), and perceived benefits (p=0. 010). There was no difference between two groups in perceived barriers (p=0. 404). Vaginal delivery were chosen more in intervention group (p=0. 003). Conclusion: The educational programs based on health belief model improve the selection of vaginal delivery mode among pregnant women. We recommended using of health belief model for educational program in pregnant women.

Aims: Facing maternal separation during early postnatal life leads to disturbances in the cognitive and neuro-chemical activities of the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal separation on spatial learning and memory of morphine-dependent rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 40 male Wistar rats of 45 days old. Animals were divided into control group (CO), morphine dependent (MD) and 3 group of rats which maternally separated during 1 (MS1), 2 (MS2) and 3 weeks (MS3) after birth. Except CO rats, the other groups were subcutaneously injected 10 mg/kg morphine every 12 hours for 10 days. At the 11th day signs of withdrawal syndrome were evaluated and during next 4 consecutive days spatial learning was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM). The rats’ spatial memory retrieval was also estimated at the last day. Findings: Although morphine dependence did not affects spatial learning and memory of rats, but 3 weeks maternal separation caused the animals spend more time and travel more distance to find the hidden platform than to CO group (P<0. 001 for both of comparisons). Also, they spent less time and passed less distance in the target quadrant in probe trial (P<0. 001 for both of comparisons). Conclusion: In conclusion, maternal separation impairs spatial learning and memory of rats.

Aims: Millions of people consume psychoactives such as marijuana. Mesenchyme cells, which are derived from bone marrow stem cells, have multiple applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of marijuana on differentiation power of bone marrow stem cells of adult male rats in adipose tissues. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the bone marrow stem cells of adult male rats were segregated with flushing method. Then, their mesenchymal identity was confirmed with a morphological study, PCR-RT method, and surface markers of CD45 and CD34 along with the related genes of CD90 and CD73. For analyzing the viability and differentiation power of the cells in adipose tissues in terms of marijuana usage, cell samples were exposed to different dosages of marijuana, such as 30 and 6000 ng/ml and cell survival was evaluated by MTT. The adipogenic differentiation potential of the treated cells were analyzed based on oil red staining. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Schaffe tests. Findings: The results indicated that the extracted cells are non-adherent in flasks and, in moving from passage one to the next passage, their duplication speed increased. In passage three, they changed into fusiform cells. Based on RT-PCR, it was revealed that CD90 and CD73 were existent, but CD34 and CD45 are nonexistent. Marijuana treatment caused no change in the form of stem cells. 10days after exposure to adipogenic circumstances, in addition to increase of survival, their cytoplasm was repleted with adipose. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that marijuana has positive effects on mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells in differentiating the adipocyte.

Aims: Escherichia coli strains are the most important cause of urinary tract infection. Integrons are considered as one of the transfer mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study was detection of integrons and their realtionships with antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates. Material & Methods: Totally, 150 E. coli isolates was collected from urine of patients with urinary tract infection in hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Evaluation of resistance to antibiotics and identification of isolates producing Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) were done using the disk diffusion and combined disk diffusion tests, respectively. Amplification of integron gene class I in the isolates was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Findings: The resistance rate of isolates to antibiotics was amoxicillin (71. 3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (64%), cefotaxime (55. 3%), ceftazidime (52. 7%), ciprofloxacin (52%), norfloxacin (46. 7%), gentamicin (19. 3%), meropenem (3. 3%), amikacin (2%) and imipenem (0%). Seventy isolates were considered as multiple drug resistance producing isolates (MDR) and 56 (37. 3%) isolates showed the ability of ESBLs production. 34 (22. 7%) isolates harbored the integron class I. There was a significant relationship between the ESBL producing isolates and MDR resistance and also between the presence of integron class I and MDR resistance. Conclusion: There was a significant rate of resistance to the majority of tested antibiotics with production of ESBL that could be related to the presence of integrons class I. Thus, it suggests more studies need to be conducted to provide better conditions for prevention of antibiotic resistance.

Aims: Imbalance and disruption in daily functioning (sitting, standing up and walking) are major clinical symptoms of MS, while physical activity and exercise is an important non-pharmacological method in the rehabilitation and control of clinical signs of the disease. Materials & Methods: Combined exercise + Q10 and combined exercise groups performed a combined exercise program including two sessions of aerobic training (50 to 60 max HR at the beginning to the end) and one session of resistance training (50-60% 1RM from beginning to end) three sessions per week. Daily 200 mg of CoQ10 supplement was prescription in capsule form and starch was also used as placebo. Endurance and speed of walk were measured by using of up & go, 25 foot walking, 6 min walking and chair stand test before and after training protocol. Data were analyzed with analysis of covariance and t-test at a significance level of P<0. 05. Findings: The results showed a significant decrease in the time of the standing and sitting tests, also a significant increase in endurance and speed of walking in combined exercise training + Q10 supplementation and combined exercise training groups versus Q10 supplementation and placebo groups. Conclusion: Combined exercise training with coenzyme Q10 supplementation or alone can lead to improved muscular function such as sitting, standing and walking in patient with MS. Therefore, this method can be used as a complementary tool in addition to drug therapy for the improvement of clinical symptoms of these patients.

Aims: According to the nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, the patients with MS are always facing with problems in their interpersonal communications. Therefore, the study investigates the effectiveness of group-based solutionfocused therapy on interpersonal problems in patients with multiple sclerosis Materials and methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest and control group design. A number of 40 members of Multiple Sclerosis Association of Mashhad were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental group has been received group-based solution-focused intervention and the control group was in wait list. To gather the data Barkham, Hardy, and Startup’ s Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32) was used. The obtained data analyzed by MANCOVA test through SPSS-23 software. Findings: According to the mean of the interpersonal problems of the experimental group rather than the mean of the interpersonal problems of control group, it can be concluded that the group-based solution-focused therapy lead to reduce the interpersonal problems of experimental group (P>. 001, F= 81. 31). The effect size was. 69. Conclusion: According to group-based solution-focused therapy has a nonpathological view as communicative approach, could be effective on resolving the interpersonal problems of patients with MS.

Aims: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by disturbing endothelial dysfunction, increases the carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the Combined effect of aerobic training and low-calorie diet on body composition, blood pressure and cIMT in men with NAFLD. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental Study, thirty four patients with NAFLD were selected purposefully. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, intervention group (combined of aerobic training and low-calorie diet) (n=17) and control group (n=17). The aerobic training program included eight weeks running on a treadmill with maximum heart rate intensity of 55-75% for 45 minutes three times a week. Low calorie diet with an energy deficit of 500 calories of daily energy intake that was calculated from 3-day food records of patients. Before the beginning of the study and at the end of the eighth week, body composition, Lipid profile, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, blood pressure and cIMT of all the participants were assessed. The data were analyzed at the significant level of P <0. 05. Findings: In the intervention group, the right cIMT and left cIMT in the post test had a significant decrease compared to the pretest (P <0. 05). Also, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio and systolic blood pressure significantly decreased (P <0. 05). After intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in all variables ( P <0. 05). Conclusion: In this study, eight weeks of aerobic exercise and low calorie diet interactions improved body composition, blood pressure and cIMT in men with NAFLD. Therefore, these interventions are likely to be useful interventions in reducing the cardiovascular risk factors and risk factors associated with NAFLD.

Aims: The antihypertensive effect intravenous injection of Cronin has been observed in our previous study. In this study, the effect of intraperitoneal (ip) injection of Crocin on hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) with dose of 50 ng/kg was investigated in rats. Materials & methods: In current excremental study, thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Control (Cont), Ang II50, Losartan (Los) + Ang II, (Cro) 100 + Ang II and Cro200 + Ang II (n = 6 in each group). To induce hypertension, Ang II (50 ng/kg, i. v) was administered. Los (10 mg/kg, i. v) and Cro (100 and 200 mg/kg, ip) were administered 30 min before Ang II. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) after cannulation of the artery were continuously recorded by power lab system then, (Δ ; difference before and after injection) were calculated and compared between the groups. Differences were considered significant when P< 0. 05. Findings: Ang II significantly increased SBP, MAP and decreased HR in several minutes (P<0. 001). Losartan reduced these effects of angiotensin II. Pre-treatment with crocin (ip) significantly attenuated increased SBP and MAP induced by AngII (P<0. 01) but it has not important effect on HR Conclusion: Injection of crocin (ip) and it's effect on the AT1 receptor reduces hypertension induced by the dose of 50 ng/kg of Ang II, which is comparable to that of Losartan. Therefore, the cardiovascular effect of crocin probably is mediated by this receptor of AngII.

Aims: The present study intends to study the effect of volunteering exercises during adolescence on testosterone and corticosterone levels in male rats following childhood stress. Materials &methods: In the present study, 36 male rats were selected as subjects and separated from their mothers from 2 to 14 days for 180 minutes. Then, to determine the experimental and control groups, on the 21st day, these randomly assigned random variables were divided into 3 groups. The groups included control, with stress separated from the mother, a wheel of two rodents. The first group experienced maternal separation from 2 to 14 days, and the control group was kept from the beginning with the mother. The training groups also started volunteering on the 21st birthday. The testosterone and cortisol levels of all groups were measured and the data were statistically analyzed by T and ANOVA methods at a significant level (P< 0. 05). Findings: The results showed that maternal stress severity significantly increased cortisol levels and decreased testosterone levels. On the other hand voluntary exercise, in comparison with the stress group, has increased testosterone levels and significantly reduced cortisol levels. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that exercise, especially voluntary exercise, during adolescence, reduced stress and decreased depression and anxiety behaviors in adulthood.