COUNSELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:71 |Papers Count:8

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of integrating positive thinking and resiliency training on body image concerns and social self-efficacy in adolescent boys. Methods: This research was an experimental study with a quasiexperimental design that included a pretest/posttest with a control group. The population included all 10th grade male students in Tehran’ s 16th district. One of the high schools in that area was selected through convenient sampling method. From the entire 10th grade students in that high school, 30 were selected based on the highest scores obtained in the Littleton and colleagues (2005) BICI questionnaire and were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Then, both groups responded to the Smith and Betz (2000) social self-efficacy scale. Eight approximately 75-minute training sessions of integrating positive thinking and resiliency were conducted for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the course of experiment, post-test was performed and the data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. Findings: The findings showed that training had a significant effect on reducing body image concern and increasing social self-efficacy of adolescents. Conclusions: It can be concluded that integrated training of positive thinking and resiliency can be a suitable method for reducing body image concern and increasing social self-efficacy in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy based on choice theory on psychological capital of orphan adolescent girls. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescent girls aged 13-19 living in Mashhad welfare center. The statistical sample included 24 people who had a low score on the Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire and were randomly assigned to both experimental and control groups. Then, the choice theory was performed in 8 steps for the experimental group. Finally, the post-test was taken from both the experimental and control groups. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings show that the reality therapy based on choice theory has been effective on increasing the psychological capital in the experimental group. Implementing reality-based therapy has increased the components of hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience. According to the findings of this research, this approach can be used in orphan adolescent residential and juvenile correctional centers.

Aim: This study was to examine the effectiveness of education for parent with Adlerian approach in reducing feeling of guilt and improving psychological wellbeing in children with depression. The method of this research was quasi experimental with pre-test/post-test design, with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth-grade students in elementary school of Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Iran during the academic year 2017-2018. Using randomized cluster sampling, two schools (for boys and girls) were selected and 60 parents whose children showed signs of depression were placed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group went through 8 ninety-minute sessions of parent education with Adlerian approach. In both groups, parents’ children answered two questionnaires that were designed based on Ryff’ s psychological well-being scales (2002) and Izonk’ s guilt and shame scales (2007). The data was analyzed with mixed-design analysis of variance. Accordingly, the findings have shown that the average scores of post-test and follow-up of the feelings of guilt for students in theexperimental group decreased and their psychological well-being improved significantly. Therefore, parent education that employs Adlerian approach has been effective in decreasing guilt in depressed children and improving their psychological well-being.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the probability of marital infidelity prediction based on the degree of self-differentiation, family function and couple burnout in couples living in city of Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: The research was fundamentally objective and in terms of the method of data collection, a descriptive type that was carried out in the form of a prediction correlation scheme was used. The research sample included volunteer couples experiencing infidelity who had referred to the counseling centers and family courts system. Sample size included 357 individuals filling out differentiation, couple burnout and family function questionnaires. Results were analyzed with SPSS and hierarchical regression method. Findings: The results of the study showed differentiation (B=-0/-73) and family function (B=-0/43) are negative predictors while marital burnout (B=0/31) is positive predictor for infidelity (p≤ 0/01). Cconclusion: Therefore, it can be said that training courses about differentiation and preventing couple burnout, and as a result increase in family functioning can prevent marital infidelity.

Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the academic engagement, emotional creativity and academic self-efficacy in gifted male and female students. Methods: This study was a comparative cross-sectional study. The research population included all gifted students of first, second and third grade high school students in Ardabil in 1394-93 Persian school year, from which 60 female and 60 male gifted students were selected randomly in multiple phases. For data collection, Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Schaufeli et al, 2002), Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI-Averill, 1999), and Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Mac Elroy & Banting, 2002) was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS-20 software with descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistical methods. Findings: The results show that the gifted female students excel in academic engagement and components of absorbing and devoting themselves, whereas the gifted male student excel in emotional creativity and components of innovation, readiness and effectiveness-originality. Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in the academic self-efficacy. Conclusion: According to the results, it is essential that stakeholders of education use educational policies and teaching practices, and keep gender and individual differences of student in mind.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of marital infidelity in women. Methods: The method of this research was qualitative. Seventeen women who had experienced marital infidelity and were willing to cooperate with the researchers were selected through targeted sampling. They were studied deeply, using semi-structured interviews. The study used grounded theory approach to explain and analyze the findings. Finding: Three major categories were found about the causes of female marital infidelity. The causes of marital infidelity included boredom that followed knowing one another, the inherent weaknesses of marriage, the vulnerability when sexual or emotional need is blocked, society transformation, whilethe factors that kept the infidelityincluded the desire to experience excitement, the waiver of responsibility from self and emphasis on spouse's characteristics, creativity in buying time for the relationship and hiding it, gaining courage for discovering new features in self, and response to infidelity including desire for divorce, restoration of marital nest, and enduring stress. Conclusion: To prevent marital infidelity, family education and enrichment of premarital relationships, these categories should be considered.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a life skills training program (self-awareness skills, coping with stress and empathy) based on Islamic culture in divorced women. Method: The method of qualitative research is narrative type and use of semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes all divorced women referring to counseling and psychological services centers of Kerman city and paired therapists in this city, which 15 clients and 10 specialists were selected by available sampling method. Data were gathered using interviews and expert panel and data were analyzed using and the sample size was selected based on the theoretical saturation of the interviews. Lincoln and Guba method. Results: The results showed that the life skills training program was organized in 3 main axes of self-awareness, empathy and coping, and 11 sub-axes. Self-awareness skills including awareness of the creator, awareness of the resurrection, closeness of God and knowing one's self. Empathy skills were coded as subordinates of pleasing, compassionate, visiting, seeing, communicating, and being happy and happy. Coping with stress including helping God, praying, remembering, and praying. Also, content validity of this program was 0/80 based on expert opinion and content validity ratio (CVR). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that life skills training program based on Islamic culture is an appropriate and effective program for empowering divorced women in life.