JOURNAL OF SCIENCES (ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY)
Year:2010 | Volume:19 | Issue:74/1 (BIOLOGY ISSUE)|Papers Count:13

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections are among the most common infections of human. E.coli causes 90% of these infections.Aim: We compared various typing methods (serotyping, resistotyping and plasmid profiles analysis) as epidemiological tools for the differentiation and identification of E.coli strains isolated from UTI.Materials and Methods: In spring of 2004, 44 strains isolated in north of Iran were studied. Serotyping was performed by using a special kit and O2 antiserum produced by Razi Institute and resistotyping by Kirby & Bauer method. Plasmids were extracted by modified Birnboim & Doly method and isolates with similar plasmid profiles were digested by EcoRI.Results: 16 strains were serotyped in 4 groups which were O2, O6, O18 and O25.Strains showed 24 different resistance patterns. The most common pattern was ampicillin/tetracycline. All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem. Four strains had no plasmid.Forty four strains showed 1-10 plasmids. All of these had a 9.9 MDa plasmid. 85% of these strains were resistant to ampicillin. Using EcoRI showed heterology in some cases.Conclusion: O6 and O2 serotypes were among the most observed serotypes, that showed, many cases of UTIs, may be produced by a limited number of Ecoli strains that usually belong to special serogroups. High resistance to ampicillin/tetracycline probably was due to uncontrolled use of these antibiotics. Presence of 9.9 MDa plasmids in most strains showed that the UPEC isolates may be epidemiologically related. In this study plasmid profile distinguished more strains than did serotyping and resistotyping.

Introduction: Application of the immobilized cells is in different domains of biotechnology. Silica-gel method can use for immobilization of microorganisms.Aim: In this research the partial bioactivity of immobilized yeast as a eukaryote cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was studied.Material and Methods: Three methods that have been reported in literatures were used for immobilization of cells.Tetra ethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) and Tetra methyl ortho silicate (TMOS) were used as precursors for synthesis of gels. We used different conditions in view of temperature (4oC and 37oC) and the time of maintenance of immobilized yeast (1, 2, 3 and 30 days) were investigated. The bioactivity was measured by determination of the CO2 released.Results: If the cell were immobilized by Fennouh and coworkers method the bioactivity percentage for immobilized cells after maintenance at 4oC in 1, 2, 3 and 30 days would be 97, 94, 68 and 63 respectively.Conclusion: After one month of maintenance at 4oC the immobilized cells were appeared maximum bioactivity (63%) by method of Fennouh and coworkers. Other method showed decreasing significantly in bioactivity especially after 30 days.

Introduction: The growth and accumulation of microorganismes on the textile surfaces that compromises the hygienic and clealiness, because this kind of textils can be made according to possible uses: Protective clothing, hospital uses, home textiles, bandages & dressing of the wounds, so antimiecrobial fibers were prepared.Aim: Studing the effect of antifungal activity of amtimicrobial fibers.Materials and Methods: In this investigation we used two different methodes for evaluoting antifungal activity of antimicrobial fibers, the methodes are: disck plate & flask shake test.In experimental states Aspergillus niger PTCC 5011 and Candida albicans PTCC 5072 which are different types of fungus strains were used, in addition different types of fibers.Different experment, that had three kinds of control as flowing were accomplished, 1- fibers control (nonantimicrobial fibers+fungus) 2- Positive control of growth of fungus (culture media without fibers+fungus) 3- Negative control of fungus growth (Pure antimicrobial solution+fungus) Also antimicrobial activity of different fibers with variable percentage of this antimicrobial material (30%, 60%, 100%) were evaluated.Fungus spores with (104- 105/ml) was added to different flasks containing test specimen & buffer phosphate. After sampling at different time (0.24h & 48h), the number of fungus are counted by agar plate method at 30oC with 3 repeated the same test.Results: The results indicated that the most activity of antifungal was by 100% Solution pure on these fungi, but the fiber with different additive Solutions of antimicrobe are not efficient on the A. niger, however in case of Candida albicans fibers the reducible effect (92.41% & 91.57%) on the number Candida albicans was noticed and with 30% antimicrobial additive no antifungal effect was revealed.Conclusion: considering the results fibers with 100% antimicrobial material can be used against Candida albicans.

Introduction: Histamine can be found in a restricted population of neurons originating from the tuberomammillary nucleus and projecting diffusely to several brain areas. The three subtypes of histamine receptors (H1, H2 and H3) are distributed in almost all parts of the brain of mammalian species. Central histaminergic neurons have been implicated in many physiological processes, such as circadian rhythms, thermoregulation, learning and memory and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulation. It is unclear whether endogenous histamine is involved in the regulation of water balance. Furthermore, in addition to its well documented modulation of food intake, the cholinergic system also plays a role in water intake.Aim: The present study investigated the effects of H2-histaminergic receptors and muscarinic cholinoceptors on water intake in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: Intraperitoneally (i.p.) injections were carried out in all experiments after 24-h deprivation of water. After deprivation, the volume of consumed water was measured for 1h.Results: Administration of pilocarpine, a muscarinic cholinoceptor agonist (1-10 mg/kg wt.), and histamine (1-5 mg/kg wt.) increased, while scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist (0.01-1 mg/kg wt.) and ranitidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist (10-50 mg/kg wt.) decreased water intake in isolated rats. Blockade of histamine H2 receptors attenuated the histamine-induced response. Pretreatment with ranitidine attenuated the pilocarpine-induced response.However, pharmacological blockade of muscarinic cholinoceptors by scopolamine did not potentiate the inhibitory effect induced by ranitidine.Conclusion: It is concluded that H2-histaminergicand muscarinic cholinergic systems may interact on water intake in rats.

Introduction: Papaver 1. is the largent genus to the family Papaveraceae. These plants for isokinolin alkaloids are considerable in medical researches.Aim: In this research antimicrobial effects of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from aerial parts (leaf- stem), flower and root of six species of Papaver on growth of some of microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus anthracis, kelebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated.Material and methods: Plant samples has been collected from natural habitats and identified. For study of anatomical effects root, stem, leaf and flower organs fromeach plant werw dried and powdered separately in dark and shadow. These powders were included in ethanole, methanole and distilled water with ratio of 1: 9. The extracts were filtered after 24 hours and steriled with Tandalization. The evaluation diameter of the inhibitory zone and MIC method were used for assessment.Results: The results showed that ethanolic and methanolic extracts have strongest antimicrobial effect on the microorganisms relative to aqueous extracts. Between six plants examined, various parts of P.argemon ssp. minus had highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms. After this Plants, strongest antimicrobial effect has seen in various parts of root, aerial parts and flower of P.chelidonifolium.Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts obtained from various parts of plants showed strongest antimicrobial effect on the microorganism, specially on Gram-positive bacteria. Aqueous extracts obtained from flower, aerial parts and root of plants haven, t effect on all of microorganisms. The results showed that isokinolin alkaloids of plants examined from Papaveraceae family and antimicrobial effect.

Introduction: Eucalyptus is production of medical plant which contains essential oils and important in paper pulp and traverse. Salicylic acid is an antioxidant that increases the resistance and organogenesis of plants especially in vitro condition. This substrate such as other antioxidants can destroy free radicals, such as Ros are produce especially in metabolic activities of mitochondria and chloroplasts and have affected on health of cellular structures.Aim: In This study difference concentration of Salicylic acid (0, 0.1, 0.25g.1-1) were investigated on in vitro culture of Eucalyptus polyanthemos with hormonal treated (Kin5mg.1-1, IBA5 mg.1-1), (2ip5 mg.1-1, NAA5 mg.1-1) in MS media.Materials and Methods: Each experiment repeats three times on four Petri. This data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test.Results: The final brief results from the statistical analysis were illustrated: Results showed that explants of cotyledon leaves showed that information of callus and root the explants of cotyledon leaves were more suitable than hypocotyls explants. Initial information of callus and organogenesis in control plants (without SA) and the treated plants (in the presence of SA) did not have considerable Difference. Explants of in reached tissue culture were either transported in moistened sterile vermiculite. Stability of explants was (70%).Stability of explants in treated plants (94%) were better than control plants explants (70%).Conclusion: In This study difference concentration of Salicylic acid were investigated on in vitro culture of Eucalyptus polyanthemos with hormonal treated in MS media. Results showed that explants of cotyledon leaves showed that information of callus and root the explants of cotyledon leaves were more suitable than hypocotyls explants.Stability of explants in treated plants was better than control plants explants.

Introduction: Caesalpinia gilliesii is an ornamental plant which is commonly used for urban landscaping because of its long blooming period (from May to October) and beautiful flowers.Aim: The main purpose of this research is to determine the allergenicity of the pollen grains of Caesalpinia gilliesii.Materials and Methods: Pollen extracts were prepared with 5%, 7% and 9% concentration levels using Buffer Phosphate Saline (BPS) for the experiment. Each experiment was performed on four (4), male, 3-month-old, Hartley guinea pigs. The samples were exposed to the extracts via eyes, nose and also sub-intradermal injection. Three different concentration of extracts was injected intraperitoneal with a one-week interval in a three week period. Blood sample were taken by the end of the third week and serum levels of BS and eosinophil and IgE were measured.Results: The results indicated that the blood sugar concentration and eosinophil percentage were positively correlated with allergen extract concentration. There was no significant increase in serum IgE concentration. The insignificant changes in IgE serum levels indicate that the pollen extracts of this plant does not develop any allergic immune response.Conclusion: The present study suggests that Caesalpinia gilliesii does not develop significant allergenicity; so using this plant for landscaping urban areas would be harmless for allergen sensitive civilians.

Introduction: Trifolium is one of the important genus in Fabaceae family comprises 250 annual and perenial species in the world. Between annual species in Vesicaria section specially T. tomentosum, T.bullatum and T. clusii have similarity specially in flower and fruit morphology, so their distinction is difficult.Aim: Morphological study of pollen grain in these species were used for evaluating the Zohary classification in this section.Material and method: Specimen from Vesicaria section was gathered from different parts of Iran. By using SEM, P, E, PIE and furrow length, ornamentation of exine surface in equitorial and polar view, were specified for each species in 3 samples.Result: Pollen shape is oblong, and ornamentation of pollen surface is reticulate to rugose. The largest pollen grain belongs to T.fragiferum and the smallest one belongs to T.clusii. The characters such as ornamentation surface, P, E and furrow length were considered as the most important resource of variation by factor analysis. The species identification key were prepared accordingly.Conclusion: These results showed that pollen sculpture can separate T. tomentosun from T. bullatum that have similarity in morphology. Also, the most varieties characters such as P, E and exine sculpture, can identify other species.

Introduction: Duch elm disease caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is one of the most important vascular diseases in last some decades.Aim: However, it is necessary to survey its different aspects such as distribution, biology, pathogenicity, management and histopathology. In order to investigate host-pathogen interaction, this research was carried out with title mocroscopic study on host-pathogen interaction in Ulmus Carpinifolia Var. Umbraculifera Rehd. Inculated by Ophiostoma novoulmi.Materials and methods: When withered and dieback symptoms were occurred 8 weeks after inoculation by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi against seedlings, transversal section were prepared from lower parts of withered and dried folige. Then Very thin transversal section were prepared and after different stages of staining, microscopic slids were prepared.Result: The results of microscopic investigations showed that the causal agent of disease has caused disordered in physiology and flowing of vascular sap through spreading into vessels, obstruction of xylem vessels and their destruction. The results also showed that seedlings with tylose production caused obstruction of vessels and prevented spreading of pathogen.Conclusion: Pathogeneses and defensive mechanisms associated with host-pathogen interaction and their roles at susceptibility rate of seedling Ulmus Carpinifolia Var.Umbraculifera Rehd to this disease were discussed in this paper.

Introduction: We recently witnessed that due to the aging of the oil wells there is a significant pressure drop in the oil reservoirs. In order to case study on Bibi Hakimeh oil filed to consider, the structural conditions, reservoir parameters, geological location, biological characteristics and etc.Aim: To evaluate and start the selection of the best strain, optimum growing conditions and Bio surfactants production by Ex-Situ method in the Asmari reservoir.Materials and Methods: A high temperature resistant Bacillus strain has been selected for evaluating the production ability of Bio surfactants. It has been selected after performing all morphological biochemical and genetic studies; the temperature, PH, Carbon, N2, resistance against the temperature and other factors have been optimized for Bio surfactants production.Result: In north mean part of the field studied, thickness average of Asmari formation is about 450 meters and average temperature in Asmari source than other fields with respect to the building conditions. Indicates significant reduction (of temperature or oil production).As the result of the results from morphological methods, biochemical and genetically tests done we can conclude that our bacteria of interest is Bacillus licheniformis. The minimum surface tension values obtained for strain cultivation environments for Bacillus licheniformis separated 30mN/m. compared with values reported for other bio-surfactant reproductive bacteria, these results are in acceptable limits.Conclusion: (one of the best carbon sources is crude oil. PH effectiveness on producing bio-surfactant from this type of bacteria indicated that it can produce bio-surfactant at a pH 6 to 8 but best pH is between 6.5 to 7.5. We also found that emulsion activation for our best strain was 91o SBB5. Nitrogen is one of the best sources for growing and producing bio-surfactant: strain can reduce surface tension in 30mN/m. meanwhile, sucrose and glucose reduce this tension to 30mN/m. The results of reservoir pressure reduction, structural and petro physical condition II) oil fields have been assessed. According to PVT characteristics of the reservoir with respect to the drive system it is is a dual system and a few years ago pressure dropped in both systems, water and gas drive but gas drive is more rigorous. Then supplying reservoir with pressure and preventing its pressure reduction can playa significant role in increasing lifetime of the reservoir .Temperature in Asmari reservoir ranges between 65 to 120 o and it is possible to grow Bacillus with respect to the reservoir conditions. Asmari Formation has various breakings formations, porosity and water saturation in various wells in formation studied is 7 percent and less than 50 percent.

Introduction: The genus Poa L.is the type of Poaceae, having 500 species all over the world. It has been distributed well in both hemispheres. In this study the genus Poa was revised in Iran.Aim: The aim is to do taxonomic study of the genus in Iran, to prepare identification key to the species.Materials and Methods: Herbarium materials of mainly TAR identified and also plant materials of the genus Poa was collected from different parts of Iran.Results and discussions: Among the specimens P. badensis was identified that is a new record from Arasbaran Protected Area. This is distributed in nearly almost parts of Caucasus and its some diagnostic characters differ from P. alpina, which is collected from Sabalan range and Gigaklo. Also, P.palustris was identified among the specimens from Mazandaran and Gilan provinces, which is another new record to Iran. This species compares with its closely relatives.Conclusion: By these new records number of the non-bulbous species of the genus Poa added to 17 taxa.