Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:15 | Issue:11|Papers Count:10

Background and Objective: Positive attitude to career and academic discipline among students is an important factor in academic success of students. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of Zahedan Health School students toward their discipline and job prospect.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Zahedan Medical Sciences University in 2015. About 160 students of School of Public Health were selected using stratified random sampling. The data collection instrument was the standard questionnaire of job future and prospect and t-test and one way ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results: Among the total number of students, 107 (66.9%) were female and 133 (83.1%) single. The results indicated that the mean age of the students was 22.71±2.42 years. The students' attitudes mean was 27.14±6.15 with the range of 9-40 and job prospect 19.78±3.71 with the range of 7-28 which were higher than the standard mean. One way ANOVA test results showed that there was an statistical association between the average score of job prospect among disciplines in School of Health (P=0.048). Job prospect was a negative factor in students' attitudes toward the health field. Moreover, salary and an increase in student admission were the negative affecting factors related to the students’ attitudes.Conclusion: The study showed the students’ interest to their field of study. However, some factors lead to reduce students' positive attitudes toward health courses and their job future that requires health system managers’ attention to these concerns through various mechanisms, including job situation assurance for these students.

Background and Objective: Age increase is known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but younger women and men are also at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age changes of first AMI and risk factors affecting the patients admitted to the cardiac care unit of Ali- ibn- Abi Talib hospital in Rafsanjan during the years 2003 to 2012.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 1247 records of patients with first AMI hospitalized during the years 2003 to 2012. The variables examined in this study included age, gender, smoking, family history of MI, history of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL (High-density lipoprotein), LDL (Low- density lipoprotein) and total cholesterol of blood levels as independent variables and age of first AMI as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using independent two-sample t- test and multiple linear regression.Results: The average age of first AMI in these patients was 60.54±14.00 years. During the years examined, the age of first AMI was significantly increased to 9 years (p=0.001). Based on multiple linear regression model, the male sex (B=-3.48, p=0.003), smoking history (B=-5.10, P<0.001), positive family history (B=-5.13, p<0.001), and high blood triglyceride levels (B=-3.52, P<0.001) had significant effect on decreasing the age of first AMI.Conclusion: Despite increasing the mean of age process of AMI in this study, screening people at high risk including men, people with smoking history, positive family history and hyperlipidemia in terms of prognostic factors of this disease can be useful in controlling its incidence among young people.

Background and Objective: Salivary gland tumors are an important part of oral pathology. The role of these cells in tumorigenesis has been reported but enough investigations have not been conducted about the role of mast cells in salivary gland tumors. This research aimed to study mast cells density in the most prevalent salivary gland tumors.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 70 cases of most common benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and 10 cases of normal salivary gland were enrolled from Kerman and Shiraz hospitals from 2005 to 2015. Sections were stained and data was analyzed using one- way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, chi-square, independent, and paired t-test.Results: The average mast cells count increased significantly in salivary gland tumors compared to normal salivary glands both in intra and peri- tumoral stroma (p=0.001). There was a significant difference between benign and malignant tumors in peri- tumoral stroma (p=0.002) but not in intra tumoral stroma. In comparison between mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, there was a significant difference in peri- tumoral stroma (p=0.015) and not in intra- tumoral stroma. Mast cells density was significantly higher in grade I of mucoepidermoid carcinoma compared to the grades II and III (p=0.001).Conclusion: Mast cells density seems to have relation with tumorgenesis process and grade of malignancy.

Background and Objective: Chromium (Cr6+) is a heavy metal which is present in industries sewages likecladding, mining، and in various concentrations. Cr6+ compared with Cr3+ is so toxic, carcinogenic،and mutagenic. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of 3 types of grape seeds in adsorbing Cr6+ from aqueous solutions and determining its isotherms and kinetics.Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study. The seeds of the three types of grapes were used as adsorbent. In this study the effects of different variables such as pH, initial chromium concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were studied in a batch system. Measuring the concentration of hexavalent chromium was performed using a spectrophotometer at 540 nm.Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency decreases with increasing pH and contact time. Alternatively, by increasing adsorbent dosage, efficiency increases for 3types of adsorbents. So that all three types of adsorbents in dosage of 0.3 mg showed 80% removal efficiency Also in the initial chromium concentration, using adsorbent in dosage of 0.2 mg/L in the pH=3, the obtained efficiency was more than 80% for each absorbent.Conclusion: According to the results, the grape seeds can be effective adsorbents for the removal of hexavalent chromium from their aquatic environment. Likewise using this adsorbent is much easier and cheaper comparedwith many other natural and artificial adsorbents, which marks its priority.

Background and Objective: Social capital may help organizational knowledge management via providing necessary platforms and facilitating the interchange of knowledge. So this research aimed to determine the relationship between social capital and effectiveness of knowledge management from the viewpoints of the teaching hospitals of Ahvaz managers.Materials and Methods: This was a cross- sectional study which was carried out in 2015. The research population contained 120 Ahvaz teaching hospitals managers. Data collection tools incorporated demographic questionnaire, the effectiveness of knowledge management processes questionnaire, and social capital questionnaire. Non- parametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient as well as Mann– Whitney and Kruskal– Wallis tests were used for data analysis.Results: No significant correlation was seen between social capital and effectiveness of knowledge management practices (P>0.05). However, Organizational network showed a significant poor correlation with organizational understanding (rs=0.307, p=0.001), people- oriented approach (rs=0.185, p=0.043), and the effectiveness of knowledge management practices (rs=0.333, p=0.011). Furthermore, Organizational trust demonstrated a significant poor correlation with organizational understanding (rs=0.229, p=0.012) and innovative culture development (rs=0.201, p=0.027). Finally, social capital showed a weak correlation with organizational understanding (rs=0.230, p=0.012).Conclusion: Managers of teaching hospitals in Ahvaz estimated knowledge management practices as relatively efficient and social capital as appropriate. It seems, in teaching hospitals, managers may need to emphasize on development of organizational networks, educating proper communication and increasing organizational confidence for effectiveness of knowledge management practices.

Background and Objective: Suicide is a very important issue and because the students are active members of society, suicide behaviors among them are more important. Several factors are involved in students’ suicide behaviors and by identifying these factors it would be possible to prevent suicide among them. The aim of this review was to determine the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts plus their relative risk factors among Iranian students.Materials and Methods: This study is a systematic review carried out in October 2016, using different search engines including SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus. The keywords used were suicide, university, student and their Persian equivalents and it was found a total of 26 relevant articles.Results: The results of this study revealed that suicide attempts varied from 1.8% to 3.5% and suicidal thoughts ranged from 6.2% to 42.7%. In most studies, suicide was associated with psychiatric disorders, especially depression. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were higher in single than married and in male than in female students. Being away from family has increased suicidal thoughtsConclusion: Suicidal thoughts and attempts are rather serious problems in Iranian students. Therefore, it is necessary to identify students who have suicidal thoughts and try to prevent them from committing suicide. Furthermore, suicidal thoughts which may lead to suicidal attempts can be decreased as much as possible.

Background and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the medical students' viewpoints about the role of basic science courses in achieving clinical objectives in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This is a discriptive study performed in 2010 through filling out a two- sectional questionnaire by medical students (Clerk and intern students). The questionnaire included the importance of each course of basic sciences and quality of courses presentation inachieving the clinical objectives. The sample size was 58. The data of the study was analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t- test, and determining the mean and the percentage of scores for each question.Results: While physiology was the most important course for clerk students in achieving the clinical objectives, intern students introduced the anatomy course for this purpose. The lowest score was given to medical physics by both groups in achieving the clinical objectives. Regarding the presentation quality of courses to achieve the clinical objectives, the maximum score belonged to coordination of the final and comprehensive exams with course subjects and the lowest one was related to applicability of basic science courses in clinic.Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, emphasizing practical aspects of basic science courses in medical education is essetial. This suggests performing a revision in the current educational methods of courses of medical basic scienses.

Today, abstracts and keywords are one of the requirements of writing each article. Keywords will be added at the end of the abstract with the aim of revealing the structure of the article and also provides the possibility to index research. Choosing the best and most appropriate index word is possible with the correct indexing. Proper indexing is the means of taking advantage of the tools that make the indexer and researcher able to apply consistent concepts. Persian Medical thesaurus and English medical thesaurus (MeSH) are used as tools in the proper indexing service