Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:16 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Background and Objective: Physical and chemical quality of water is necessary for consumer’s acceptance, health promotion, and guarding of water distribution systems. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical quality of drinking water in Qazvin.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014-2015. During three seasons a total of 150 samples were collected from different points of water distribution. Then, water pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TDS (Total Dissolved Solis), nitrate, total hardness, alkalinity, and concentrations of Pb, Hg, Cd and Cr were measured. Heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometerand other parameters were analyzed based on the Standard Method book. ANOVA was used for comparing the mean values between seasons.Results: The average values during three seasons were reported as the following: pH=7.47, turbidity=0.28±0.05 (NTU), residual chlorine =42±0.24 (mg/L), EC=623.46±48.99 (S/cm), TDS=499.52±49.92 (mg/L), nitrate -42.65±4.73 (mg/L), total hardness=148.33±1.4 (mg/L CaCo3), alkalinity=222.23±5.67 (mg/L CaCo3), and concentrations of Pb=0.008±0.0024 (mg/L), and Cr=0.031±0.002 (mg/L). The concentration of Hg and Cd were negligible in the total samples.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, all the parameters were found to be within the permissible Iranian standards and the quality of Qazvin drinking water is safe for the consumers.

Background and Objective: Mothers' attitudes towards the possibility of an accident and its related preventive measures can affect children's injuries. Psychological theories and constructs provide an  opportunity to explain how people's attitudes affect their decision making in adoption of a health behavior. This study examined attitudes of women from Jiroft city about prevention of home injuries in children under 5 years through Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in 2015.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 204 mothers with children less than 5 years were selected from those who referred to health centers of Jiroft in 2015. In this regard, random cluster sampling method was applied. A self-administered questionnaire based on PMT was used to collect information. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical methods to investigate the distribution of responses to the questions. Later, one- way ANOVA and independent t-test were applied to observe the relationship between demographic variables and protection motivation.Results: The age range of mothers was 16-49 years. History of domestic injuries was reported in 22.5 percent of participants. It was more than six months that 70.6 % of mothers were implementing safety measures at home. In threat assessment processes, mothers' most important attitudes were related to fear of home injuries (46.6%); however, in coping assessment processes, it was related to perceived self-efficacy (51.9%).Conclusion: The results showed that increase of fear and perceived self- efficacy in mothers has a greater role in their motivation to prevent home injuries. This can be considered as an appropriate strategy in planning health promotion interventions.

Background and Objective: Neuropsychological dysfunction is one of the basic factors in the severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression disorders. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the neuropsychological dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia disorders, depression disorder and normal individuals.Materials and Methods: Current study was a descriptive study that the statistical population included all male patients with schizophrenia and depression in Isar and Fatemi hospital of Ardabil city in 2016 (N=65). The sample consisted of 30 schizophrenic patients and 30 depressed patients that were sampled by census method and were compared with 30 normal objects. Data was collected using Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R), Go/ No go Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD).Results: The results showed that neuropsychological dysfunctions such as memory, response inhibition, and cognitive flexibility in schizophrenic patients were less than depressed patients (p<0.05), and in depressed ones less than normal people (p<0.05).Conclusion: These results showed that neuropsychological dysfunctions play an important role in the pathology of schizophrenia and depression disorders and can be important therapeutic targets in the treatment and rehabilitation.

Background and Objective: Varicocele is the abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of pampiniform plexus above the testicles. The distribution pattern of abnormal heat in the scrotum can be detected by thermal imaging. The thermal imaging is a remote, noncontact and noninvasive method. The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between varicocele and the temperature of testicular using thermal imaging in the soldiers referred to AJA 501 hospital in 2016.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study that was conducted on 56 soldiers in the AJA 501 hospital in 2016. In this study, capabilities of thermal imaging in detecting and grading varicocele were evaluated. In order to do thermography, the non-contact infrared camera of VIS-IR 640 was used. Results were reported through descriptive statistics.Results: In both cases, by using temperature distribution and thermography camera, it was found that there was a possibility to identify varicocele. There was thermal asymmetry and increase in the temperature of the pampiniform plexus while there was no increase in the temperature of the testicle. We also observed the asymmetry and increase in the temperature while the increase of temperature in the scrotum was noticeable. The results showed that detection capability of thermography in grade 3 varicocele was higher than other grades.Conclusion: According to the results obtained from research, thermography is highly applicative in diagnosing varicocele due to safety, lack of exposure to the patient, and cheap and convenient diagnosis of varicocele. It is recommended that thermography method be used as a complementary method along ultrasound techniques.

Background and Objective: The main guarantee for success of the Health Reform Plan is to account for health service providers including the nurses. A survey of satisfaction can help designers and executives to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the plan more profoundly and thus try to improve it. The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' satisfaction with the Health System Reform Plan in hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 380 nurses were selected from two hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2016. To collect data, the demographic characteristics form and the standard Job Descriptive Index (JDI) (on the Likert scale) were used. The data were analyzed using independent t test, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.Results: The mean satisfaction of the nurses was on a moderate level with a maximum percentage of 75.4%. The minimum referred to satisfaction with working circumstances (4.9%) and wage and benefits (2.0%), while the maximum satisfaction belonged to direct superordinates and colleagues (49.7%) domains. Satisfaction showed a significantly association with age (p=0.001); So that satisfaction in nurses above 40 years of age was greater than other age groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: Despite the measures taken to enhance satisfaction via implementation of Health System Reform Plan, the nurses’ satisfaction is not at an acceptable level. This can affect the performance and quality of nursing activities, which seems to require greater attention of officials.

Background and Objective: Diabetes is a complex and chronic disease associated with patients’ quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between health- related Quality of life and glycemic control in type 2 diabetics of Sirjan city.Methods: This was a descriptive study and sample size was 100 diabetic patients in Sirjan city selected through simple random sampling. In this study, the questionnaire included two parts: demographic (7 items) and standard SF-36 (36- item short- form health survey questionnaire) quality of life questionnaire. Data was collected and analyzed by using descriptive indicators, Independent t- test, Pearson’s correlation, and chi-square test.Results: Mean±S.D age of the participants was 51.92±11.53 years. Diabetic patients' quality of life score was 59.27±26.38 and the results showed a significant associations between physical function (r=0.68) and general health (r=0.63) with serum glucose (p<0.05); while there were no significant associations between scales of physical role, bodily pain, energy and vitality, emotional role, mental-spiritual health, and social functioning with serum glucose and HbA1c (p>0.05).Conclusions: Diabetic patients' quality of life score was moderate. According to the results, there were a significant relationship between some quality of life scales and glycemic index; accordingly, it seems that better glycemic control in diabetic patients can increase their quality of life.

Background and Objective: The epidemiologic study of diabetes is helpful in understanding the high- risk groups and their related factors. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of type II diabetes in Kermanshah province.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information was extracted using the records of patients referring to the Kermanshah diabetes clinic during 2013-2014 (2400 records). Data was analyzed using chisquare test and independent t-test.Results: The average age and standard deviation of 2309 patients was 54.92±10.84 years. Sixty one percent of patients were female. Type of treatment in 76.11% of people was oral. The relationship between total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol with sex was statistically significant in diabetic patients (P<0.001).Conclusion: According to the results, gender and family history were presented as possible factors associated with diabetes, so prevention and screening programs can be useful in these patients.

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