MODARRES HUMAN SCIENCES
Year:2003 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (TOME 29)|Papers Count:14

Naming is a process via which the political units a country can be distinguished on the ‎political map of the country considering the natural, social, and historical and political ‎factors.‎ ‎ On one hand naming the political units is influenced by all the factors that exists in ‎the national environment and they are called national indicators, and on the other hand ‎it is influenced by the factors which act in the regional and can be categorized under ‎the title of leading factors‏. ‏‎‎ Parading of leading factors that mostly has determinative effects on the local and ‎regional levels can play a role in the maintenance notional unity as supplementary in ‎dicatives, and also can be effective in weakening the effects of national indicative to ‎decrease the national unity and to bring about local appreciation and strengthen the ‎unity critical focus‎‏.‏ The vigor and weakness of national and local indicatives are affected by factors that ‎this article will analyze them in a historical study which com be divide in two groups‏.‏‎ ‎‎‎ ‏1-‏the factors which through distinguishing the political unit can help to the ‎maintenance of national unity‎‏.‏‎ ‎ ‏2-‏the factors in historical process has caused the decline of the national depended ‎through naming the political units‏.‏

The aim of this article is to study the economical impacts of rural resettlement in two ‎villages that were damaged by earthquake at hazardous area of Tarom-e Olya, in ‎north-eastern of Zanjan province, in 1999. Resettlement approach was for the ‎anthorities to reconstruct remote and dispersal rural settlements through transferring ‎their residents to another settlement or sites. Displacement of Balklor and jamalabads ‎population to Abbar, the center of Tarom-e Olya, was a resettlement project that ‎established Abbar Integrated Complex. After over 10 years, of that event this question ‎arises that whether the rural resettlement project was a sustainable action. So this ‎article with the aim to assess the economical dimention of this way of development ‎interfere in the Tarom-e Olya regine, seeks to give logical and reasonable answer to ‎the question that what changes have brought about in the employment structure of ‎displaced families and what economical impacts this integration had. The finding ‎show that factors such as paying no attention to create employment opportunities in ‎one hand, and unequality in using the restricted employment opportunities developed ‎in the governmental services sector on the other hand, have caused the displaced ‎communities to utilize again of the existing resources at the previous places and ‎continue to seasonal migration to other places such as big cities. Meanwhile, changing ‎role woman in household economy and their employment out of house is ‎phenomenon‏.‏

In the framework of cognitive logic. Aetiology of geographical Phenomena is ‎essential in the context of rural social welfare and in consideration of cognitive ‎approach. Most of the studies in this field are of general cognitive nature. Using ‎classical methods with ambiguity and/or generalization of limited and marginal ‎elements to the whole system. Thus, using cognitive logic in different vulner ability ‎indices of rural areas. With the aim of choosing a scientific and practical approach for ‎reducing the effects of those factors seems to be required. In this article, using ‎measure analysis in the context of explanation indicators of social welfare, many ‎related studies have been exploited. Target approach and the extent of critical critera ‎are among the points that have been taken into account in this study. The main ‎question is whether in the framework of aetiology of geographic phenomena, the ‎definition and methodology in this field have followed similar patterns and changes as ‎in the areas of research techniques and the news cognitive logic? The findings of the ‎study show that in most of the previous studies little attention has been paid to ‎explanation indicators and scientific and logical approach have been rarely used, ‎limiting them to mere interpretaion without considering the factors and backgrounds ‎that influence this process‏.‏

The people who are settled in a specific geographical space and are homogeneous ‎considering their ancestors, history, culture, religion, race, language, literature and so ‎on, from the reason raison d"etre state. Such people have a sense of correlation and ‎unity with each other and have political aim for the independent ness of their state‏. ‏‎‎ The state and government of Turkmenistan after geopolitical changes in the end of 20 ‎century as well as the collapse of bipolar system in the world, on the basis of their ‎homogeneous people or nation who had common political aim, came into existe in the ‎political geography arena of the world at 1991 A.D‏.‏‎‎ The government of Turkmenistan in order to define and explain Turkmenistan ‎national identity, as the main pillar of survival of the state and nation, took some ‎steps, among which one can refer to the establishment of the National Museum, ‎National Library, National Institute for the Manuscript, the state Institute of cultural ‎Heritage, development of National language (Turkmen Language), and etc‎‏.‏‎‎ This paper studies the potential of cultural heritage of Turkmenistan which can be ‎effective on the forming of the national identity of Turkmen nation among the other ‎nations of the world, and considers the following cultural and civilizational elements ‎as well: common ancestor or grand father, Turkmen language and literature, Turkmen ‎honours and glories, archaeological and ancient relices, Turkmen art, and social ‎traditions‏. ‏ This is article concludes that the mentioned cultural - civilizational elements, in ‎interaction with each other as a whole, can form a distinct identity and unitary nation ‎among the other nations of the world, and can be the raison d,etre for the state of ‎Turkmenistan‏.‏

This article studies the impact of technocratic urban renewal on creating the of ‎placeless ness. Technocratic urban renewal is said to a type of modernist renewal that ‎is basically from top to button, autocratic and non participatory and in it planner as a ‎professional and knowledge able person prescribes the destruction of residential units ‎in large scale and instead of it designs and builts similar and uniform spaces. The sens ‎of placeless ness and not belonging to a place arises from lack of diversity in the ‎urban buildings. This article reviews the history of urban renewal in order to highlight ‎main elements of technocratic urban renewal and stresses that although technocratic ‎urban renewal and stresses that although technocratic urban renewal in the outside ‎world has lost credibility, it is unfortunately practiced in Iran. The result of this case ‎study shows s high correlation between technocratic urban renewal and creation of ‎placeless ness sense‎‏.‏

Globalization has begun already through Modernism and postmodernism, however, it ‎has only been accelerated at present so, the hypotheses of this research are based on ‎the impact of Modernism, postmodernism and Globalization phenomenon on the ‎physic all development of Tehran discussed by the "descriptive-analytic" method. In ‎the globalization era everything is transmitting and exchanging, but the flow of ‎transmission is unidirectional and in favor of particular countries‏.‏‎‎ In fact Modernism and postmodernism have been precursors of the Globalization to ‎manifest itself. As a souvenir of the West, Modernism has affected the physical ‎features of Tehran from the late Ghajarid"s sovereignty onwards and in the first and ‎second Pahlavid period and especially during the Islamic Republic it has deeply ‎affected Tehran City and changed its physical features. Some streaks of ‎postmodernism has just penetrated into Tehran"s architecture within the past two ‎decades, however, it has not been able to spread everywhere in Tehran yet. Eventually ‎Tehran continues to live as an awkward metropolitan. So it has not experienced the ‎globalization process yet and therefore this phenomenon has not affected the physical ‎features of Tehran in particular‏.‏

In order to estimate the precipitation rate in the central and northwestern Zagros, ‎linear regression, logarithmic and exponential models with two-and multi-variable ‎were used. Results show that two-variable models are not suitable for the estimation ‎of precipitation rate, because of their low and unsignificant correlation coefficients ‎and also their weakness to cover the whole region. But among multi-variable models, ‎the linear model was chosen for the estimation of precipitation rate, in the case that ‎the region is divided to windward and leeward areas. T-test did not reveal any ‎significant difference between observed and estimated values of precipitation‏. ‏ Based upon estimated values, seasonal and annual maps of precipitation and elevation ‎estimation and annual amount of precipitation were prepared. It seems that the ‎precipitation decreases with increasing of elevation in the windward area. Increasing ‎of latitude and longitude mostly decreases the precipitation in all periods‎‏.‏