JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2004 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (22)|Papers Count:16

Background and objective: infrared (ir) is one of the modalities in electrotherapy that indicates for treatment of some diseases with minimal side effects, but there is different ideas about its effects on wound healing. the aim of this study was to investigate effects of ir on skin wound healing in rat and its comparison with phenytoin's effect. Methods: this interventional and experimental study was done on three groups of rats. after inducing general anesthesia in rats, skin wound was made on dorsal neck about 2 cm2. then from third day after operation, ir and phenytoin cream (%1) were indicated in two groups. no treatment was administered for control group. wound surface area, percentage of recovery and rat weight change post operation at 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th day were measured. number of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, new vessels, lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and thickness of epiderm were determined in three groups by biopsy at 10th day.Findings: the results showed that percentage of recovery was not significantly different in three groups at 4th day. but, percentage of recovery at 7th day in ir, control and phenytoin group were 51.5±17.7, 38.8 ±17.9 and 55.3±10.1, respectively (p<0.04) and at 10th day in ir, control and phenytoin group were 68.4±17.5, 57±18.4 and 78.9±8.2, respectively (p<0.01). number of new vessels, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and thickness of epiderm were not significantly different in three groups after 10th days. number of collagen fibers was significantly different in three groups (p<0.01).Conclusion: findings suggest that infrared accelerates wound healing from 7th day that this effect is the same as phenytoin's healing effect.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Convulsions are the most important symptom of generalized epileptic attacks, a neurological disorder in which many people of different societies are suffering from it. Because of the side effects and toxicity of the synthetic drugs, nowadays herbal medicines are used in the treatment of convulsions. This study was performed to survey the anticonvulsion effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria chamomilla on nicotine induced convulsions in mice. METHODS: In dose-response study, different doses of the extracts (500, 600, 800 and 1000mg/kg) were injected to test groups (each group 8 animals) intraperitoneally, and control group received normal saline (1ml/100g IP). After 30 minutes, nicotine (5 mg/kg) was given to all groups (IP) and the time for onset, duration and intensity of the convulsions were recorded. In time-response study, the most effective dose of extract (1000 mg/kg) and normal saline were administered 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes before nicotine injection, respectively and time for onset, duration and intensity of convulsions were recorded.      FINDINGS: Results of dose-response showed that 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg of extracts increasing time for onset and decrease duration of convulsions. The results of time-response showed that, the time of onset, duration and intensity of convulsions, increased, decreased and decreased for 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results obtained from this study showed hydroalcoholic extracts of Matricaria chamomilla has anticonvulsions effect. In order to know the mechanism of action of extracts, it needs more study on different animal models.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight (LBW) in neonates is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality and in some countries is the cause of 70% of neonatal mortality. Prevalence and risk factors of LBW are different in various countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of low birth weight and its related factors in Babol, Iran. METHODS: This descriptive and analytical study was done on 2228 neonates in Babol during 2000. Data included age, weight, gender, education, history of blood pressure, diabetes and renal disease, gestational age and multiple gravid of neonates were statistically analyzed by SPSS soft- ware and X2test and p<0.05 was considered significant. FINDINGS: Incident of LBW was 7.7%. LBW in females in comparison to males showed 1.7 fold increasing (p=0.001). Also, the risk of LBW in premature neonates (less than 37 weeks) in comparison with term neonates increased 20.5 and in mothers under 19 years and over 35 years in comparison to those over 19 years and under 30 years had 2.3 fold increasing (p<0.000).CONCLUSION: The control of preterm labor and instruction to mothers under 19 years and over 35 years can be useful in prevention of LBW neonates.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the alternative methods for general anesthesia that has been used for a long time by means of local anesthetic drugs for brief limbs procedures is intravenous regional block. This research was designed to study the effects of pethidine plus lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia and comparing it with the conventional method of lidocaine alone in order to intensity the depth of block and duration of postoperative analgesia in upper limb procedures.METHODS: In a prospective and clinical trial, 50 patients (20-60 years old) in ASA class I and II were divided into two groups: the patients in group 1 were injected 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% and to the patients in group 2 we added 50 ml pepthidine to their 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% regionally. At the end of surgery, along with tourinquet deflation 50 mg intravenous pethidine was injected to group 1. The onset time of tourniquet was recorded and the depth of the block was assessed according to the patient response to painful stimulation just before beginning of the surgery with five points scale. All the patients were followed up for 12 hours after procedure to determine the onset of postoperative pain and then it was recorded. FINDINGS: the onset time of tourniquet, pain was 29.45 and 42.41 minutes in group 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.023). The duration of postoperative analgesia in group 2 was 6.83 hours, which was obviously longer than that of group 1 (3.72 hours) (p=0.002). The intensity of the block in group 2 was significantly more than group 1 (p=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, addition of pethidine to lidocaine in upper limb intravenous regional anesthesia, in contrast to the conventional method of lidocaine alone, not only delays the tourinquet pain and postoperative pain but also increases the intensity of block with clear improvement of the perioperative conditions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Exposure to certain infectious diseases such as measles and hepatitis A, by induction of cell mediated immunity cause a Th1 (T- helper) activity type immune response. Th1 can antagonize Th2 activity and therefore diminish atopic disease. Therefore, because of relationship between socio-economic status and infectious diseases it was decided to survey the relationship between socio-economic status with atopic disease. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, demographic characteristics and socio-economic data about 3500 individuals (16-25 years old man) of Sanandaj city was gathered with standard questionnaire by educated interns and nurses during 2001. A clinical diagnosis of atopic disease was assessed by history and physical examination. FINDINGS: According to the results, living in lower socio-economics status area has decreasing effect on prevalence of seasonal asthma and rhino conjunctivitis (p<0.05). Low family income and higher paternal education level have decreasing effect on prevalence of seasonal asthma (p<0.05). In observed population, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 1.5% and higher maternal education has augmentation effect to it (p<0.05). In this study, the frequency of intrinsic and seasonal asthma and seasonal and chronic rhino cojunctivities were 2.1%, 5.3% and 6.1%, 11.8%, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study showed that high socio-economic status cause increasing effect on prevalence of atopic diseases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bone marrow is a specific tissue, which is very important for Haemopoesis. Any changes in its physiological function, such as aplastic anemia, attack of infectious agents and tumors of bone marrow due to wide systemic side effects in body. Denervation is one of the factors that may effect on the function of bone marrow. METHODS: Femoral and sciatic nerve of right leg were cut in the below of inguinal ligament and near of sciatic notch, respectively. Two, eight and twelve weeks after denervation, bone marrow of right tibial bone were aspirated in all groups. Then quality and quantity of bone marrow changes, size and counter of its cells were studied by three stains (Toluidine blue, Masson trichrom and H&E) and Morphometric method.FINDINGS: After 2 weeks of denervation, condense of nucleus of cells and blood circulation of bone marrow increased. Size and cell numbers decreased and from 8th week decline of metochromasy and increase of collagen in the bone marrow were seen which a sign of fibrilation in background tissue was.CONCLUSION: Condense of nucleus and decrease of size and cell numbers could be result of decline of their function due to their denervation. After denervation and change of cell methabolism, turn over of tissue was disordered in which showed by decline in size and number of cells.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare short and long term complications of three modalities of laparoscopic tubal ligation by bipolar electro coagulation, double ring and filishi clip. METHODS: This analytical study as a prospective trial was performed on gynecologic center of Babol University of medical sciences between 1996-2002. In this study, 334 patients (187 by bipolar electro coagulation, 50 by applying filishi clip and 97 by applying sialastic double ring) were operated by general anesthesia after including in the criteria: medical health, voluntarily request, without age limit and in the first half of cycle. After evaluation of their early and late complications, data was analyzed by t-test and Chi- square test. FINDINGS: Early complications including mesosalpinx tearing and hematoma formation were happened in four cases of ring (4.2%) and one case of electro coagulation (0.5%). Techniqual performance, post operation chest pain and hospital stay were equal among three modalities. Pelvic pain has been observed in 19.4% ring group, 7% electro coagulation group and 6% flishi clip group following surgery. Complete recovery was obtained in 24 hrs for electro coagulation and filishi group were 47.6% and 58%, respectively and 9% for ring method but within 48 hrs, it was obtained 53.6% for ring group, 9.6% for electro coagulation group and 10% for filishi clip. Late complications, which were assessed after two years of operations, have been equal in three modalities. Only one case of pregnancy (ring method) has been detected among the whole cases. Mean (±SD) operation times were 8.4 (±2.5) min, 11.8 (±1.6) min and 11.9 (±1.5) min for electro coagulation, ring and filishi clip, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ring method of laparoscopic tubal ligation has more early and late complications relative to electro coagulation and filishi methods, and using single puncture bipolar electro coagulation can be the fastest procedure among the above three modalities.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: HBV infection is preventable by effective vaccination in general population, but response to vaccine among HIV infected people seems to be low. METHODS: In this prospective study, 48 HIV positive patients with anti Hbs-Ab and Hbs Ag had hepatitis B vaccination (0, 1, 6 months). Anti-Hbs levels were measured two months after the last dose by Elisa method. Cellular immunity was evaluated by flocytometry. FINDINGS: Only 14 (29.1%) of vaccinated HIV-infected patients had positive anti-HBs titers (11 males, 3 females). Among them, 4 (28.6%) were over 40 years and from 34 HIV positive patients who did not respond to hepatitis B vaccine, 10 (29.4%) were over 40 years old. The mean number of CD4+ T lymphocytes was 352.5 in responders and 283.9 in nonresponders. Two (17.6%) of 17 HIV positive patients with CDT4<200 and 6 (31.5%) of 19 HIV positive patients with 200<CD4< 500 and 3 (42.8%) of 7 HIV positive with CD4>500 responded to hepatitis B vaccine. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B vaccination is better to be administered at the early stage of HIV infection. Conventional dose HIV vaccine is not enough for immunity. Therefore, it is recommended two-fold dose and repeated conventional dose or increasing interval administration of hepatitis B vaccine.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mammography is an easy, available and noninvasive method that used for screening breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the breast lesions in patients referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital during 1998-1999. METHODS: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 100 patients referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital for mammography during 1998-99. Mammography findings, age, signs when referred, age of primipara and family history were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test. FINDINGS: In this study, 20 subjects had abnormal mammography and 80 had normal mammography. The mean age of both groups was 39.7±11.02, 31.7±9.83 years, respectively (p<0.05). In histopathology, 7 of 20 patients were with malignant lesions. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of mammography were 35% and 100%. CONCLUSION: According to the results, malignancy risk increases with increasing of age. In this study, the most common histopathology finding was invasive intraductal carcinoma. The most common mammographic finding was mass with ill-defined margins.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Self- management is one of the important health problems, which causes economic and health problems. Many cases of self-management were observed in skin diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-management in skin diseases among teachers in Babol city in educational year of 2000-2001. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on 337 teachers in Babol city in educational year of 2000-2001. Data was gathered with randomized cluster sampling by questionnaires and analyzed by chi-square test and SPSS and P< 0.05 was considered significant.FINDINGS: From 337 teachers, 181 (53.7%) were female and 156 (46.3%) were male. Self- management was seen in 27 (8.3%) cases that there was not a significant difference between self management in skin diseases regarding ages, educational degree, sex, numbers of children and level of teaching. But, prevalence of self-management in single teachers was more than married ones (p=0.02). In skin problems, 276 (79.2%) teachers referred to dermatologist, 37(11%) to general practitioners and 6 (1.8%) to school health teachers. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of self-management in skin problems among Babolian teachers was low. This finding can be considered as a positive point in improving population health education.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is one of the most prevalent diseases in psychiatry. A lot of efforts have been made to find out the biologic and organic causes of this disease. One of the cases, which more attract the attention of researchers, is soft neurologic signs and their relationship with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of soft neurologic signs between schizophrenic patients and their sisters and brothers, and normal group. METHODS: Thirty schizophrenic patients, 30 persons of their sisters and brothers, and 30 persons of normal group were chosen and evaluated in view of soft neurologic signs. Then a total score was obtained in view of signs for each case. Finally these groups were compared with each other. FINDINGS: The average of soft neurologic signs in schizophrenic patients was more than in their sisters or brothers and in normal group. The average of scores of soft neurologic signs in these patients' sisters and brothers was also more than in the normal group. There was also a significant relationship between the total score of the soft neurologic signs and the family history of schizophrenia in schizophrenic patients (p=0.034), it means that the patients having a family history for schizophrenia, had a higher total score than other patients in view of soft neurologic signs. There was no relationship between age, sex and the average of total score of these signs. CONCLUSION: This finding that neurologic signs in schizophrenic patients were more than in the two other groups confirms the biologic and organic view about the etiology of schizophrenia, these signs can be raised as a strong biologic marker of schizophrenia. Considering the early beginning of treatment by anti-psychotic drugs, these signs can influence the outcome of this disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mycetoma is a chronic progressive and destructive subcutaneous disease that can involve fascia and bone. More than 20 microbial and fungal agents can cause mycetoma. CASES: The first case was a 41-year-old man that a swollen and painless lesion was observed in dorsum of his right foot when he was six. After a few months that the lesion got larger and pus to come out of its ducts, operation was done. After 10 years, he had pain and swelling in his foot again because of touching with iron foreign body. Mycetoma of foot was confirmed by radiology and testing that treated with co-trimoxazole and amikacin and a recurrence of the disease was not observed for 1.5 years. The second case was a 38- year- old man who referred with pain and swelling of foot after a hit that with diagnosis of infectious arthritis was treated. After six months due to lack of improvement, mycetoma of foot was confirmed by testing and radiology which treated with cotrimoxazole and the recurrence of the disease was not seen until one year later. CONCLUSION: Low environmental and public hygiene due to this disorder with long-term morbidity. According to this report, considering health care by individuals and early diagnosis is important.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an acute and necrotizing parenchymal and perinephric infection. It is a rare and life threatening condition. To reach a successful outcome, early diagnosis and treatment is most important. Nowadays, the use of CT scan and antibiotics has enabled us to replace surgery with medical treatment in some cases. CASES: A 74-year-old man referred with bad general condition, decrease in level of consciousness, fever, flank pain and dysuria from a few days ago. Lab tests were compatible with a urinary tract infection and acute renal failure. Abdominal sonography and CT scan showed gas in both renal parenchymas. The diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis was made. Hemodynamic support, control of blood sugar and IV antibiotics were applied. Uremic syndrome led to hemodialysis. Ultimately signs and symptoms improved and the infecion was treated and the patient was discharge. Gradually renal function improved and hemodialysis was deceased. CONCLUSION: Early medical treatment can replace surgery in this life threatening condition.