JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2012 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:11

Nowadays, plant protein alternatives and increasing aquafeed efficiency are accentuated. In the present study the effects of injecting different dosages and chemical types of favonoid rutin on modulation of gilthead sea bream glycemia is studied in three consecutively distinct experiments. Fish were fed at 3% of their respective body weight twice a day with a diet containing 25% pre-gelatinized starch. Water temperature and photoperiod were adjusted near to 18oC and 12L: 12D, respectively. Glycemia and hepatic glucose metabolism enzymes were measured. Results showed that 100 mg/kg BW of both chemical types of rutin significantly decreased glycemia (209.30±34.44 mgldl and 120.18±9.84 for control and rutin treated groups in non-water soluble rutin, respectively, 125.50±6.54 and 99.83±6.46 for control and rutin treated groups in water soluble product, respectively) concomitant with increasing hepatic glucokinase activity (1.77±0.22 U/g protein and 6.13±1.20 for control and rutin treated groups in non-water soluble rutin, respectively, 20.19±1.51 and 25.77±1.61 for control and rutin treated groups in water soluble product, respectively). However, the time required for rutin to show its hypoglycemic effect is shorter for non-water soluble product (6 hrs after rutin injection) than water soluble one (9 hrs after rutin injection). Results implied that it is possible to manipulate the carbohydrate metabolic machinery of gilthead sea bream using hypoglycemic phytogenics (rutin) similar to laboratory rodent hyperglaycemia models.

Kilka plays an important role in the food chain of the Caspian Sea. This study was carried out during 2006-07 for the estimation of maximum sustainable yield of kilka in the southern Caspian Sea. Sampling carried out from October 2006 to September 2007 in Bandar Anzali and Babolsar during which 1533 fish were measured and weighed. Age estimation was done by using sagitta otoliths. The results showed that the mean total length of common kilka was 102.4±9.7 mm ranged from 56 to 144 mm. Mean age was 3.6 years and over 73 percent of the samples were composed of third and fourth year classes. Growth coefficient (K) using the Ford-Walford plot and total mortality coefficient (Z) were estimated as 0.321 and 1.280 per year, respectively. In the present study, the common kilka stock in the South Caspian Sea was estimated to be 58.75 thousand tons by using cohort analysis. The estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was 25, 322 tons by Cadima equation. The first priority as a management measure of common kilka stock is supportive policies.

This study was carried out to determine the influence of highly unsaturated fatty acid (EPA, DHA) enriched Artemia nauplii on growth and survival of postlarvae of Litopeneaus vannamei (PL-l to PL- 15) at the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Bandar Abbas. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates using 15 tanks containing 20 liters water each was chosen. The Artemia nauplii were enriched with (0 to 4%) cod liver oil (treatments A to E) and the larvae were fed 6 times per day at 4 hours intervals. Growth of postlarvae in treatment D which were fed Artemia nauplii with 3% enrichment significantly increased compared to other treatments (p<0.05).The highest survival rate was observed in treatment E postlarvae which were fed Artemia nauplii with 4% enrichment. However in treatment D (3%) and C (2%) no significant difference (p>0.05) was found. The postlarvae of control (A) which was fed with Artemia nauplii without enrichment, had the lowest growth and survival rate. The present study demonstrated that highly unsaturated fatty acid-enriched Artemia nauplii have positive effect on enhancement of growth performance and survival rate of white leg shrimp postlarvae.

Changes and Countries development and need to Scientific, Cultural and Industrial commutation at Global level requires accessibility to maps and spatial information from the entire world. Achieving to this aim requires equalization of horizontal and vertical datum of all countries. Nowadays with developments in technology and after that increasing in precision of vertical datums is one of the basic arguments and there have been efforts to find vertical datum and relations between them. One of the problems that exist in using absolute heights is difference between M.S.L and Geoid. The theoretical basis the absolute heights is Geoid but in practice M.S.L is used as absolute vertical datums. Therefore difference between M.S.L and Geoid is called sea surface topography. In this research one of the all, we have carried out modeling mean sea level using TIP and Jason-I satellites altimetry data on Persian Gulf and Oman sea, Accordingly Due to the significance of sea level topography in oceanographic studies a new model proposed using the combined satellites altimetry data and the EGM08 global Geoid model in order to determine and equalize the current height datum for Persian Gulf and Oman sea. Therefore, difference between M.S.L derived from TIP and Jason-I Satellites altimetry data and EGM08 global Geoid model was assessed -0.9 and 1.1 meter respectively.

Chronic stresses can influence the behavioral and physiological activities of animals and can lead to reduction of resistance against disease and decrease in growth rate and production. Artemia nauplii enriched with essential nutrients particularly fatty acids have been used to promote growth, survival and resistance of different species of aquatic animals to various environmental stresses as well as infectious diseases. In this study we investigated the resistance to environmental stress (temperature, salinity and hypoxia) in larvae of rainbow trout fed Artemia nauplii enriched with vegetable oils. The experiment was carried out in 6 triplicate treatments for a period of 10 days. The feeding treatments included: 1) commercial starter feed for trout (Control) 2) Artemia nauplii enriched with fish oil, 3) Artemia nauplii enriched with sunflower oil, 4) Artemia nauplii enriched with canola oil, 5) Artemia nauplii enriched with soybean oil and 6) newly hatched nauplli of Artemia. The results showed significant differences in tolerance of fish larvae to high temperature (20 and 25oC), hypoxia stress (5 ppm) and salinity stress (l0, 15 and 20 mg.l") among different groups. Highest survival (except in one case) was observed in larvae fed Artemia nauplii enriched with canola oil compared to those fed control diet ( p<0.05) but no significant difference was observed with larvae fed Artemia nauplii enriched with fish oil.

This research intends to study on effects of naphthalene (NAP) on the plasma levels of cortisol, thyroxin (T 4), and triiodothyronine (T 3) on female immature and mature Liza klunzingeri at two exposure durations. In the first experiment, female fish were divided into control and treatment groups. A peritoneal injection of 50mg/kg of NAP in Zul/g vegetable oil was performed on the treatment group according to their body weight. The control group received only 2m/g vegetable oil based upon their body weight. Blood and gonad samples were taken from both groups after three hours. In the second experiment, implants of 50mglkg NAP in 10m/g coconut oil were used. Samples were collected 72hours after the implant. Fish gonadal phase were identified by histological study of the sampled ovaries, and plasma levels of cortisol, T3 and T4 hormones were measured. The results showed a significant increase and decrease of cortisol and T 4 levels, respectively, in both mature and immature groups in 3 and 72hours exposures. Following the 72hours-Iong stress, T3 levels significantly reduced. In both experiments, a significant change of T 3/T 4 ratio was observed only in the immature group. By activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors, causing disorder in the functions of hypothalamic- pituitary-interrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes, disorder in synthesis and secretion of hormones, NAP changes their plasma levels; therefore, it decreases the physiological capacity and survival of fish when facing chemical stress.

Sixty nine specimens of Mudskipper, Periophthalmus waltoni, were collected from Hendijan, Khore Zangi and Delvar areas for genetic study. Fins were fixed in Ethanol alcohol (96%) and transferred to Biotechnology laboratory, Persian Golf Research and Studies Center in Bushehr. Total genomic DNA was extracted by proteinase-K digestion, phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol extraction and ethanol precipitation. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotomeric method. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted on the target DNA using 6 primers RAPD. PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamid gels (8%) that were stained using silver nitrate. Allele frequency, the effective and real allele, expected and observed heterozygosis, genetic diversity, Shannon Information index, Gst and gene based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOV A) were calculated using the GENALEX and Pop Gene software. The average of Shannon index for Hendijan, Khore zangi and Delvar was respectively 0.3887, 0.2860 and 0.3509. Highest of Gst observed between Hendijan and Khore zangi (0.260) and lowest between Khore zangi and Delvar (0.195). Highest gene flow (Nm) was observed between Delvar and Khore zangi (1.033) and the lowest between Hendijan and Khore zangi (0.687). Highest of genetic identity was observed between Delvar and Khore zangi (0.924) and the lowest between Hendijan and Khore zangi community (0.833). This study showed that the three mudskipper communities used inthis study were separate and belonged to two clusters.

Thousands of containers put into and exit from modern container terminals in seaports everyday. Because of increasing usage of containers in international trade and goods transportation, pioneer ports try to improve their productivity by optimum usage of their tools, capabilities, strengths and opportunities. It is important for ports to satisfy economic, social and political objectives in a profitable way. A wide variety of factors affect optimum container operations in sea ports. The basis of this study was ranking of factors and selection of main factors based on Bernardo's decision making method (group multi-attribute by ranking scale), in Bushehr port. Results of this research showed that factors including machinery, building container terminal in Negin Island, containers area, specialized human resources and law and regulation, have more effect in optimum container operation in Bushehr seaport.

This research aimed to study the process of Spatial and Temporalchanges of sea star (Astropecten hemprichi) and sea urchin (Diadema setosum) in the coasts of Chabahar Gulf in the Oman Sea, IR. during November 2008 to September 2009. The area of study was at the farthest end of south east of Iran in province of Sistan and Balouchestan. Sampling was done bimonthly during low tide from 5 stations, using 1m´1m quadrating randomly. 1885 samples of Echinodermata were collected and studied. Results showed that 32 of them (1.6%) belong to Aihemprichi species and 28 (1.4%) samples belong to D. setosum species. The samples then were counted and identified. Then the samples' abundance, distribution and stability were investigated. The results show that the maximum abundance of A. hemprichi was occurred in September 2009 (1.92±0.76ind.m-2) and The maximum value for D. setosum was shown in November 2008 (3ind.m-2). Investigation of distribution and stability indicators may reveal that A. hemprichi and D. setosum were dispersed more randomly and they may be considered as the rare species.

The optomotor response is one of the methods used for measuring zebrafish behavior towards moving objects. The present research has been carried out on zebrafish reaction to moving objects. In the experiment, newly fish matured of both sexes were used. To study the optical power of zebrafish an appropriate apparatus was designed. Experiments were performed with different widths of stripes in black, white (1, 2, 7 cm), with width stripes of 1 cm in red - gray, green - gray at different velocities of 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 15 rpm.Results of 2-way ANOVA showed significant differences between the various widths, velocities (P<0.05). Evaluation of results showed that at different widths, fish showed the most optomotor response at a velocity of 10 rpm (0.65±0.13), the lowest response to velocity was shown at 2 rpm (-0.07±0.22). Furthermore, the best visibility was observed with 1 cm width (0.70±0.13) (P<0.05). Experiment on color vision also showed that at different velocities, various colored strips, there is no significant difference (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the fish demonstrated the most optomotor response to green - gray color (0. 10±0. 13), a velocity of 10 rpm (0.41±0.13).