Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2004 | Volume:8 | Issue:31|Papers Count:10

Significant of human resource quality and "R&D" in IRANS economic growth is explained by endogenous economic growth models. In this paper, by exemplifying one of endogenous economic growth models, that is, model of growth with endogenous technological changes, (Romer 1990), we have constructed a model for IRANs economic growth and estimated the positive impact of man-power; human and physical capitals; revenues stemming from crude oil export; negative impact of inflation and dummy variable pertaining to Islamic Revolution-on basis of our own examination-and using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, prolong delays are explained. Of Course, because of minuscule expenditure on "R&D", as well as low ratio of non-oil export to "GNP", and traditional and non-manufacturing structure of non oil export, a meaningful connection between "R&D" and non-oil export-with economic growth-was not proved (observed).

In this research we are trying to evaluate the structure of the selected world industrial markets for Iranian export commodities and investigate their concentration ratios. For this purpose the concentration index have been used in order to evaluate the concentration for demand and supply in the selected Iranian export commodities and the share of Iranian export in these markets have been found out. In the supply side, the result of the study showed that in most of the markets the oligopoly condition is prevailing. In the demand side, the result of the study is somehow the same, showing that closed oligopoly situation is prevailing in the target market for Iranian export commodities. As a conclusion it has been revealed that in none of the markets, which have been studied the share of the Iranian export was greaters than 2 percent, which is very low and should be increased in the future.

In the present paper, the behavior of two organizations namely OPEC and OECD are analyzed as major and active players in the global oil market within the framework of a Finitely Repeated Bilateral Monopoly Game. This analysis shows that on the strength of Schelling point solution, in this game as a result of applying consistent and long term strategies by both players, OPEC is present as the weak bargainer compared to OECD members countries. In this framework, OPEC oil strategy is influenced by economic, political and security considerations in which savers group have considerable role in decision making and decide oil strategy of this organization. On the other hand, OECD oil strategy takes form in accordance with three motivations of economic, safety (energy safety) and in some points environmental. The interaction between the interests of OPEC and OECD leads to the establishment of the equilibrium price in the oil market. This pricing system generates the greatest benefit for the OECD members countries through tariffs and taxes. Time series analysis and study of long term relations among the variables confirm the above theory.

In the present paper, the behavior of two organizations namely OPEC and OECD are analyzed as major and active players in the global oil market within the framework of a Finitely Repeated Bilateral Monopoly Game. This analysis shows that on the strength of Schelling point solution, in this game as a result of applying consistent and long term strategies by both players, OPEC is present as the weak bargainer compared to OECD members countries. In this framework, OPEC oil strategy is influenced by economic, political and security considerations in which savers group have considerable role in decision making and decide oil strategy of this organization. On the other hand, OECD oil strategy takes form in accordance with three motivations of economic, safety (energy safety) and in some points environmental. The interaction between the interests of OPEC and OECD leads to the establishment of the equilibrium price in the oil market. This pricing system generates the greatest benefit for the OECD members countries through tariffs and taxes. Time series analysis and study of long term relations among the variables confirm the above theory.

This article measures the intra-industry trade (IIT) of OIC member countries in 1997-2001. It also analyzes the IIT states in member countries of regional blocs such as ASEAN, APEC as well as its status in 146 countries. All estimates are based on Grubel-Lloyds proposed index. The results suggest that OIC member countries, as a whole enjoy very weak industrial bases and lack the qualifications for the presence in a competitive trade environment. In this context, some OIC countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Jordan, Cote Divoire, Oman, Kyrgyzstan, Senegal, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Turkey are in better condition for further trade liberalization. Furthermore, the grounds of liberalization among OIC member countries in the sectors of basic goods and miscellaneous industries are more than those in other sectors such as chemical and transport machinery.

This study was made with the goal of food diet determination and cost of food insecurity elimination. Needed data were collected from a random sample of 120 housholds in Arsenjan, Fars provience. To investigate food insecurity situation in the sample, the FGT indices were applied and headcount ratio, food insecurity gap and severity of food insecurity were calculated. Results demonestrated that if caloric requirements are assumed to be 2000 calories per day, 37.6% individuals were food insecure. The food insecurity gap and severity of food insecurity were 0.047 and 0.01 respectively. Cost of deleting food insecurity for the sample were 1395200 Rials without targeting and will be 130100 Rials with targeting. Based on results, It was concluded that targeting subsidies could reduce government expenditure and harmful effects of general subsidies would decrease in the long rum.

Following the considerable amount of investment in petrochemical industry which has taken place in recent years by the government, the export of these products have been added to the list of exports of the country, and is following an increasing trend. The profits which accrue to the producers of these items are high and considerable because of favorable factor endowment, availability of imported technology and the interest shown by foreign investors in investing in the sector. In the light of these new developments and in order to expand more the export proceeds of these products, adopting an export promotion strategy which could provide exporters and government authorites with guidelines and facilities is of outmost importance. In this paper attempts have been made to evaluate the target markets for selected petrochemical products of Iran and answer to the following questions: " In which petrochemical products Iran enjoy comparative advantage? " Which countries in the world are Irans trade partners in the field of trade in petrochemicals? And what is the situation with regards to trend stability of Irans petrochemical exports to its trade partners? " What are the opportunities and threats facing the export of petrochemicals of Iran? The results obtained from the ranking of the target markets and its comparison with what has been the case in present and the past show that there is a considerable difference between the potential and actual markets; In other words, the findings of the paper shows that most target markets are potentials and not actual markets. There are many reasons for such a difference. Among these reasons one could refer to the fact that up to now the export of petrochemicals of the country has not been affected through prudent and well defined marketing strategy and has been primarily influenced by political and diplomatic relation with the importing countries, while in most of the Middle Eastern countries the production and export of these products is carried out by transnational corporations. This process has brought to these countries the advantages and benefits which emanate from monopolistic and olygopolistic markets. Furthermore, due to high and sophisticated technology which is at the disposal of these companies, the quality of the products produced is in conformity with world standards. Therefore, to increase and obtain shares, in the markets which have been determined as Irans petrochemicals target markets would be contingent upon the following terms and conditions: Firstly, The products must be of high quality; this necessitate that the products be produced with a high and up to date technology. Secondly, the exports must be done within the framework of a long-run industrial strategy and hence, according to a marketing and export promotion strategy.

Small scale industries play an effective role in the industrial and economic development of most countries all around the world. But these industries have not had a special role in industrial and economic development of Iran and have faced with bankruptcy and closeness in recent years. It is supposed the most important reason of the problems of small scale industries is the lack of profitability which is from the endogeneous factors which are from the external situation of the firm and exogeneous factors which are from the unsitutable policy of authorities. The main purpose of this paper is the study and assessment of the effects of determinants of profit of small scale industries in Iran. In this paper with the use of data from the field study, we estimate the effects of determinants of profit of small scale industries in Iran. The result of estimation tells us the location and government protection have more effect on profit of small scale industries than the others. Thus, The authorities should pay attention to them in their industrial planning for the development of small scale industries.