KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2009 | Volume:16 | Issue:26|Papers Count:10

Expansion of rivalry accompanied with the vast upheavals in the field of trade and banking has changed many traditional styles and has brought a competitive environment in using new technologies. Banking system neither was an exception in this subject and with emerging of modern concepts in banking, method of servicing the customers has changed at all over the world. Traditional methods which exist in the Iranian banks and their inadequacy in presenting new services, highlighted the necessity of this research which mainly concentrate on recognition of obstacles and solutions of electronic banking develop at the country within the framework of Islamic Republic of Iran twenty years prospective deed. This article would recognize the major reasons and obstacles of electronic banking at the country and for this reason after uniform sampling fraction; the research process took part there. The major obstacles are cultural- social obstacles, managing obstacles, economic financial obstacles and technical- technological obstacles which with accomplishment of the research the first hypothesis which was based on existent of cultural- social obstacles and the second hypothesis which was based on existent of managing obstacles on the way of developing the electronic banking, were accepted. It’s mentionable that the third hypothesis which was based on economic- financial obstacles and the last hypothesis which was based on technical– technological obstacles in the way of developing the electronic banking system at the country were not accepted.

Trade liberalization in developing countries over the last 20 years, has often been implemented with the expectation of growth being stimulated; yet the evidence on its growth enhancing effects is mixed. This article analyses the relationship between liberalization and economic growth, using a dynamic panel framework. The findings indicate that liberalization does appear to have a positive impact upon growth, although small.

The main purpose of this research is to study how and in which amount, human capital can impact on output of industrial workplaces that contain higher than 10 employees in northern Khorasan province in cross-section data for 1384. For this purpose after considering theoretic and empirical bases of human capital and current situation of industries in northern Khorasan province, the estimation of production function of Cobb-Douglas is implemented. Since, human capital index is considered as a qualitative variable, so educated and skilled workforce as a human capital variable is considered. Results show that Cobb- Douglas production function explains industrial production in northern Khorasan province very good and matched variables with human capital have a positive impact on a value-output of industries production of northern Khorasan province.

Power generation is one of the fundamental industries in the process of Economic development and has a valuable and essential role in planning. Diversifying the power generation's production sources is one of the important planning in this industry. These papers compute the power cost in gas and combine cycle stations in Mashhad Shariati's power plants. The necessary information gathered for 3 years, till 13 March 2005, through library studies and existing documents' research in Shariati's power plants, Khorasan regional electric company, Khorasan Gas Power station Co., and Khorasan's Power Technical Office. Expenses after assessing were classified into 6 categories including fuel cost, depreciation of plants, repair, technical support, exploitation and other expenses. Then the computing method of the cost of power generation in each of the two mentioned generating sites was chosen by technical and financial staff's interviewing and also by consulting the plan's supervisor and guiding professor. The result of studied years shows that the cost of power generation in gas stations is more than the cost of power in combine cycle stations.

With considering the importance of capital structure and the impact of management's financial decisions on the firm's value, this study tests a modern theory of capital structure such as Static Trade- off Theory on a panel data set of companies quoted on Tehran Securities Exchange. The study covers 1997-2006 and uses 68 non-financial firm-year observations and analyses the correlation between some of the variables suggested by S.T.O Theory (Such as: size, profitability, collaterals, operation risk and liquidity) and capital structure of the companies, using multiple regression techniques. Findings indicate that during the study period, factors such as: size, profitability and liquidity are negatively associated with capital structure, while there is no meaningful correlation between other factors and capital structure. Finally, we conclude that the findings of this study on T.S.E, are not consistent with the findings of Static Trade- off Theory.

In this paper we applied Romer’s indigenous growth model for innovation and entrepreneurship in Iran economy development and the effects of labor variables, physical capital, human capital as well as, research and development, machinery import have been studied as technology spillover. Economic time series data for 1968-2003 periods is used to study the stationary variables by unit root test, and then the model is tested to study the residuals; unit equation model is used for assessment. The results show that intermediate goods, labor, human capital, physical capital and import machinery invoke the production.

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between development of the financial system and economic performance using a panel data set for 40 countries during the period 1979-2003 based on recent generalized-method-of moments technique developed for dynamic panels. The impact on GDP level and GDP growth of stock markets and banks is distinguished. Results show that the bank credits as a proxy for the banking system development have a positive and significant effect on the GDP level in the long-run, but there is no significant relationship among financial development proxies and GDP growth.

This article provides a study of qualified preference apartment customers for define of critical factors by QFD for quality improvement in apartment making in order to present principles for housemakers that they could solve their problems for increase of apartment customers satisfaction.There is an increasing need, because of continuous apartment making, to learn systematically from those management practices regarded as the most successful.A useful framework for analyzing the deficiencies of the operations is to identify “gaps” in the house production and business processes that lead to inefficiencies and compare these to its own model of what constitutes “suitable class” in its field. By applying an iterative process and identifying “gaps” between apartment customers and housemakers in its performance and customer's satisfaction, the housemaking can assess the suitability of potential solutions at a level appropriate to the requirements and gradually move nearer to its model of qualified preference apartment customers. This study aims to promote a better understanding of how management practices of some major house factors differ and what this entails for the possibilities of learning from one another. More specifically, this study examines house customer's expectations and their requests from apartment and house makers with QFD model. After investigations this study reached to result that there is differences between qualified preference apartment customers and apartmentmakers operations and apartmentmakers have not notification to customer's expectations and their requirements.

Strategic trade policy is studying trade policy in oligopoly market. In this market, government strategic intervention (for example: tariff or subsidy) influence on profit and export of domestic and foreign firms and their market share. This paper considered the theory in stackelberg market. We studied effect of export subsidy for domestic firms on profit and export of foreign firms (and inverse). We made Strategic trade policy model in stackelberg market and examine. Results of this model showed: 1- Since Iran is leader government, export subsidy is paid to foreign rival firms can not influence on Iran cure steel export but it influence on Iran firm’s profit. 2- Because foreign rival is follower government, export subsidy of Iran government to its firm, influence on profit and export foreign rival firm.