KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2007 | Volume:- | Issue:19|Papers Count:11

The ideal goal for every country is to reduce poverty, improve the life of citizens and in short attain more welfare and prosperity for the people.Certainly reaching these goals needs a sustainable development and consideration of all aspects and determinants of development simultaneously, with particular attention to human beings, since they are the objective and at the same time the basic tool for development. Based on the aforementioned fats this paper tries to present a brief discussion on the structure of human development, Human Development Index (HDI) and its major components as well as presenting more suggestions for the improvement of this measure to be more realistic for ranking Iran's provinces in terms of human development. Basically using the income data and even income per capita data in developing countries particularly at the province level is not reliable and may cause some biases in the ranking results. Therefore, we will try to illustrate that the consumption data is much more reliable and more appropriate for Human Development Index. The results of the study, based on 2001 statistical data, including income shows that Tehran, Kohkiluye and Boyer Ahmad, Khuzestan, Isfehan and Yazd are at the top of the list in terms of HDI. By considering the consumption data in the measurement of DHI, the results changed and provinces of Theran, Isfehan, Gilan, Yazd and Semnan appeared on the top of the list. Due to data limitations we were able to calculate only Gender Related Development Index (GDI) and according to this measurement and our mentioned approach, provinces of Tehran, Gilan, Isfehan, Yazd and Mazandam were seen at the top since they have a lower level of inequality based on gender in comparisons ti other provinces.

The purpose of this article is to study the structural changes of the industries of Khorasan provinces at the end of the second and third economic development plan in comparison with the beginning of the second plan.Moreover, the changes will be compared with the status of other industries at the country level. In order to do this, a number of indices have been employed, some of which are: the changes of shares of value added of industrial activities (separated by ISIC codes), the indices of structural changes, and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). The obtained results indicated that among Khorasan industries, chemical, non-metallic mineral industries, machinery, and wood industries have experienced positive structural changes in the same direction with that of the country.Besides, the value added of these industries has remarkably increased during the period under study. The measurement of these industries based on the RCA index showed that only the two wood industries and miscellaneous industries have achieved an RCA more than one.

The industry section is one of the most important economic sections of every region. Nowadays, improving the production ability requires paying special attention to industry section and increasing investment in it. The objective of this study is to identify the capabilities and to evaluate priorities in industrial investment in Mazandaran province. The statistical population under study included all industrial workshops with ten or more employees in Mazandaran, according to four digital codes, third edition, in 1383.Based on the data, the indices were classified into three groups: profit index, employment index, and the index of priority in industrial investment. By means of different soft-wares, the indices were processed and standardized. The Factor analysis, Numerical Taxonomy, and Cluster analyses were the main statistical techniques used in this research for ranking and clustering the industries. Then by utilizing the economical theories such as Flying Geese, Haberler opportunity cost, and under theory, the findings were analyzed.

Based on the results of a research, this article discusses the challenges and strategies for establishing electronic commerce in Iran presented in three categories: Technical, socio-cultural, and managerial upon which three hypothesis are formulated.After introducing the design of the study which is descriptive and field study, the theoretical aspects of the issue are discussed by using internal and external sources. The data were gathered from two sources: primary sources (interview & questionnaire), and secondary sources (library, magazines, etc). The questionnaire known as "The Implementation Challenges of Electronic Commerce in Iran" was distributed among experts and practitioners. The main hypotheses were tested by means of student's Hest and the sub hypothesis by Friedman test using SPSS software. Then the results were categorized into three groups as: main challenges, the dimension of each group of obstacles, and ranking the dimension of these challenges. Finally for overcoming these challenges, some suggestion is given.

Over the last three decades, with the implementation of scientific and accurate surveys and collection of data on individuals and households, a broad literature has emerged in the study of labor supply at the micro level.In most studies carried out in the area of labor supply hours, common regression models and consequently Ordinary Least Squares or Generalized Least Squares have been used. Considering the limitations of model's dependent variable ( working hours), it is highly probable to have biased results since the use of General Linear Model to create a link between a set of descriptive variables and a response variable is useful when the dependent variable ( the response variable) has been measured for all observations with an equal interval scale. However, in the labor supply model, the response variable does not enjoy such a property.In this paper, the results of model fitting with three different methods have been introduced in addition to introducing the appropriate method for the construction of labor supply model with regard to the properties of the model's dependent variable.

Productivity means the improvement and development of economic potentialities and abilities in converting inputs into outputs. These include activities such as policy making, planning, supplying the raw material, and daily activities for production and giving services.The aim of this article is to make a comparison between different regions of the country in terms of productivity indices in industry sector. The research method is documentary, and the population under study is the industrial units throughout the country with ten or more employees.The results show that among different regions of the country, the industrial units of the provinces of Hormozgan, Kerman, North Khorassan, Eilam, and Markazi can be ranked from first to fifth on the basis of the extent they have enjoyed productivity indices. While provinces of West Azarbaijan, Khorassan Razavi, Kermanshah, Gilan and Kohgiluyeh & Boverahmad have had the least enjoyment. Due to the role of productivity in economic development the necessity for reconstructing industry and the development of favorable attitude toward productivity along with considering man power should be our priority in regional planning.

In this paper the comparative advantage of three companies (Sina, Alvand, Niloo) in producing the ceramic tile during a period of four years is explained by using Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) Technique. This technique is used for evaluating the comparative advantage, prioritizing investment projects, measuring the export capability of the country, evaluating import substitution and export promotion strategies. Compared to other similar techniques, the DRC Technique has more advantages over the others such as using up-to-date data and shadow prices.In the first section, the DRC technique is explained, then the comparative advantages of three companies are evaluated and analyzed.The result of this research shows that in spite of the fact that these companies have comparative advantages in producing the ceramic tile, they are gradually losing these advantages. One of the main reasons is the increase in direct & indirect production cost of these companies.

This paper introduces a technique for re-evaluation of long term economical projects and the degree of it's application on government owned companies. The results obtained from economical projects carried out should be compared with expected results since economical projects consume a major portion of the financial resources of these units. Such a comparison is made possible through re-evaluation of long term economical projects that can provide important and systematic feedback.The paper consists of three main sections. The first section deals with the goals, advantages and characteristics of this technique. The second section deals with it's application and related factors such as the size of the company, the extent of the project, etc. And the third section deals with the degree of it's application on government-owned companies. The results of research show that government-owned companies do not use this technique for their long term economical projects.

This article aims at analyzing and estimating the function of private consumption and it's long-run relation using error correction model in Iran's economy. To avoid spurious regression we proceeded first by exploring the long-run co-integrating private mechanism to estimate the short-run equation. Since there may be a weakness associated with the Engle-Granger method of co-integration testing, we investigated the cointegration relationship by using Johansen co-integration test. We found strong evidence from the Johansen test that the related variables are integrated. The empirical evidence suggests that the tendency toward consumption is 83% and the speed of adjustment for the long-run private consumption is around 73% implying that about 73 percent of differences between the short-run and long-run consumption level will be adjusted within one year.