Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2002 | Volume:6 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders with increasing prevalence. Cardiovascular complications are among the major causes of death in diabetic patients. Type II diabetes mellitus is generally treated by sulfonylureas. There are contraversial reports regarding cardiovacular side effects of these drugs. Evidence exists about differences in side effects between the first and the second generatins of sulfonylureas. In the present study, the vascular effects of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide belong to the first generation of sulfonyloreas were investigated in healthy male rats. MATERIAL & METHODS: Healthy rats were treated by the above mentioned drugs for periods of one and two months and the response of aortic rings to phenylephrine was examinde and compared to control.RESULTS: The results showed that after two months administration of chlorpropamide the smooth muscle function was changed. These changes included a significant decrease in phenylephrine-induced contraction. Since such changes were not observed after one month chloropropamdie administration it may be concluded that these changes are time-dependent. Such changes were not observed after one or two months Glibenclamide administration.CONCLUSION: Phenylephrine EC50s was not differ in test groups when compared to control. Thus it is suggested that changes in the characteristics of aortic smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptors may not be involved in the observed responses. With respect to the result of this study we concluded that at least part of the vascular effect of chlorpropamide can be attributed to the changes in post-receptor cellular components which are involved in signal transduction.

INTRODUCTION: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious circulatory condition that will occure afrer truma. This study was done in Sanandaj` Besat hospital during 1996-2000 to determine the rate of FES in ICU inpatients with bone fracture. MATERIALS & METHODS: This analytic study was performed on 130 ICU inpatients. Data including demographic charactristics of the patients, number and type of bone fractures, prescribed medications, arterial oxygen pressure, patient outcome, intubation and the time of FES signs was collected from patients file. Data was analyzed by SPSS win software and x2 test. RESULTS: The prevalence of bone fractures and FES in men was 5 and 30 times more than women respectively. The age of 64.5% of patients with bone fractures was between 10 to 49 years. The age of 73.2% of patients with FES was between 20 to 49 years. 70% of FES patients had multiple fractures and 75% of fractures was femoral bone fractures. 53% of FES patients had been under mechanical ventilation. The average of hospitalization in FES patients was 7.7 days versus 7.5 days in other patients with fracture but without FES. There was significant relation between FES and the patients` outcome (P<0.019). In FES patients mortality rate was 30% versus 12% in non FES patients. CONCLUSION: Because of the high mortality of FES as a consequence of long bone fractures these fractures must be considered as an urgent situation and preventive acivities including rapid fracture fixation and drug treatmetn must be done to prevent FES.

INTRODUCTION: Immunosuppressive therapy will make renal allograft recipients susceptible to opportunistic fungal skin infections. This study was done to determine the relation between immunosuppressive therapy and fungal skin infections in renal allograft recipient patients.MATERIAL & METHODS: The statistical population included all of the renal allograft recipients referred to Uremia Imam hospital who were treated by immunosuppressive drugs. Data was collected by a questionnaire containing proper questions about the history of skin lesions and type of consumed immunosuppressive drugs and the duration of treatment. Samples were obtained from skin using scatch tape and scrapping methods. Depend on the type of samples, smears were made using gram stain and KOH. The majority of samples were cultured in proper culture media.RESULTS: Of 220 allograft recipient patients examed during a six months period, 48 cases (21.8%) was positive for one kind of skin fungi infections. The percentages of pityriasis versicolor and nail and skin candidiasis were 52% & 20% respectively. We found that erythrasma, pityrosporosis, co-infection with pityriasis versicolor and candidiasis and disseminated skin infections were 3, 3, 3 and 46 cases respectively. CONCLUSION: With respect to the result of this study in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, in

INTRODUCTION: Stress hyperglycemia is defined as a transient increase in blood glucose concentration during an acute physiologic stress. The study was done to demonstrate the relative frequency of stress hyperglycemia in children admitted to AL-Zahra hospital emergency department from March 1998 to December 1998.MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was cross-sectional descriptive and included 291 patients (6 months to 5 years old), all required venipuncture, who were selected by simple sampling method. Blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl was considered as hyperglycemia and any clinical, diagnostic and surgical procedure that led to hospitalization of the baby was defined as stress . RESULTS: The relative frequency of hyperglycemia, normoglycemia and hypoglycemia were 25.42%, 72.18% and 2.40% respectively. There was not any significant difference between boys and girls (P>0.05) in this regard. 130 subjects were encountered with one kind of stress and the relative frequency of hyperglycemia was different base on the kind of stress (50% in hematologic diseases, 40% in respiratory diseases and 29.4% in gastrointestinal diseases). Relative frequency of stress hyperglycemia among patients with 2 or more stresses was 24.22% which was not significantly different from those with one stress (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that hyperglycemia stress is not related to the number of stresses of patients but is associated with the type of the disease.Relative frequency of hyperglycemia stress in this study (25.42%) was differ from those reported by others (51.9% in ICU inpatients and 0.46% to 9.4% in other departments) which may be attributed to the addmission of intensive care service needed patients with other patients in emergency department in AL-Zahra hospital.

INTRODCUTION: Hemodialysis patients involve in immune system deficiency, permanent demand for dialysis and susceptibity to viral infection, especially hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to measure Anti-HBS Ab serum level in hemodialysis patients in Kurdistan province in 2000. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was descriptive and blood and serum samples were collected from all dialysis centers in Kurdistan province. Anti HBS Ab serum level and HBS Ag were measured by ELISA method. Data was collected by a check list and analyzed by SPSS.win software.RESULTS: 3 cases (2.6%) of permanent dialysis patients were infected with hepatitis B virus. Anti HBS Ab serum level was below 10 IU/Lit in 60 cases (53.6%), between 10 IU/Lit to 100 IU/Lit in 25 cases (22.3%) and in 27 subjects (24.1%) it was greater than 100 IU/Lit. 77 subjects (67%) had been sufficiently vaccinated and 53 subjects (46%) had been vaccinated during the past year. In 28 subjects (52.5%) who vaccinated Anti HBS Ab serum level was above 10 IU/Lit. CONCLUSION: Because of the present situation regarding hepatitis B diagnosis and vaccination which are not acceptable, adequate vaccination, personnel education and early diagnosis of new infected cases are recommended.

INTRODUCTION: Road accidents are the 9th main cause of death and it will be expected to be the 3rd factor of mortality and morbidity by 2020. This study was done to determine epidemiological characteristics of those subjects who were injured during road accident. MATERIALS & METHODS: The statistical population included all road accident injured patients who referred to Besat hospital in 1999. This study was descriptive and data was collected by interviewing patients or their family and recording the result in a check list. Data was analyzed by SPSS-win and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total number of 205 subjects including 34 (16.6%) female and 171 (83.4%) male were studied. Of those cases, 8 (3.9%) were died in the hospital, 95 cases (46.3%) were injured in the urban roads and streets and the other 110 cases (53.7%) were injured in interurban road accidents. None of the injured patients used seat belts in cars or helmet when they ride motorcycles.CONCLUSION: With respect to the result of this study by increaseing the number of cars and motor vehicles, the rate of accidents and the number of victims will increase. Authorities must give priority to public education on traffic laws and immunity precautions, especially for public transportation drivers, motorcyclists and pedestrains

INTRODUCTION: In recent decades many changes have seen in scientific attitude toward mental health. The traditional approach that described mental health as lack of psychiatric disorders is substituted with a comprehensive approach. This comprehensive approach leads to epidemiological researches in this regard. In this survey mental health was studied in urbanite subjects older than 15 years in Kurdistan province. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 2855 subjects were selected by means of a multistage random sampling. Data was collected by a researcher-designed and "GHQ 28" questionnaires. Collected data was analyzed by chi-square and percentage using SPSS-win software.RESULTS: The results showed that 35.7% of subjects were not healthy mentaly. There were significant relationships between occupation, dimension of family and mental health (P=0.000). There was not relation between sex or educatioal level and mental health.CONCLUSION: The results of this study was in aggrement with the other results obtained in other parts of the Iran. The only difference was higher prevalence of the disease in the subjects younger than 30 years old in the province that may be due to high rate of unemployment and lack of adequate sport and amusing facilities for this age range.

Acute suppurative parotitis is a very rare disease in neonatal. This case was a full term neonate girl with low birth weight that showed redness and swelling in left parotid region and neck. Axillary temperature was 37.1 0c and purulent exudate were excreted from stenson`s duct when parotid gland was pressed. Duct stenson exudate culture showed coagulase-negative stapylococcus. Sonography results did not show any signs of abcess or fluid accumulation. After treatment with amikacin and vancomycin and improvement of the inflammation the patient was allowed to leave the hospital. Low birth weight of the baby and frequent urinary tract infections of mother during preganancy were two distinctive specific causes in this case that may affect the onset of the disease, which have not been reported in newborn parotitis before.