SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KURDISTAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2005 | Volume:9 | Issue:2 (Serial number 34)|Papers Count:13

Introduction: Gastric infection due to H. pylori is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. In the under-developed countries H. pylori is even more common and more than 80% of their population will be infected up to the age of 20 years. Mastic gum (pistacia kurdica) has been used for the treatment of gastric disease from long time ago and its effect on H. pylori in in-vivo researches had been turned out. Material and Msethod: This research is a clinical trial study and comprised all the patients referring to BEASAT hospital endoscopic center. The dagnosis of gastritis in these patients was proved by endoscopic evaluation. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from the patients as a substrate for urease test. Endoscopy was performed by the same person using the same instrument for all cases. 40 patients who had positive urease tests were included and divided into intervention and control groups by using randomized block method. Capsules containing 500 mg mastic extract, two times daily, were prescribed for the patients of the intervention group but the control group received standard medical treatment within a period of two weeks. Two weeks later enodscopy and biopsy were performed again. X2 and fischer statistical tests were used for analysis and comparison of the effects of the treatments in the intervention and control groups. Result: H. pylori was eradicated in 25% and 100% of the patients of the intervention and control groups respectively. But the effects of mastic gum and standard therapy in alleviation of symptoms such as heart burn, nausea and night pain were the same. Conclusion: Generally, despite its excellent effect on eradication of H. pylori   in in-vitro experiments, mastic gum, as a new agent, is not suitable for the treatment of H. pylori induced peptic ulcer disease.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a an endocrine disorder which is the result of  chronic hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. It is estimated that there are 100 million people in the world who suffer from diabetes mellitus and this figure is likely to increase two-to three-fold in the next 10 years. It seems that magnesium contributes to pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Magnesium modulates glucose transport through the membranes and is a cofactor in several enzymatic systems involving glucose oxidation. Magnesium deficiency decreases insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. In this study, magnesium level was considered as a  contributing factor in development of type 2 diabetes and its serum levels in the patients were measured. Material and Methods: 111 patients out of type 2 diabetic patients referring to diabetes research center in Yazd, were selected randomly. Patients who had a history of renal failure,gastro-intestinal diseases, hyperparathyroiodism, and ingestion of Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin B, diuretics, magnesium-containing antiacids, laxatives were excluded from our study. In these subjects serum magnesium, level FBS, HbA1C, Cholesterol(Cho), Triglycerid(TG), serum calcium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure(BP) were measured. Results: Mean serum magnesium level was 2.15±0.29 mg/dl which had a direct correlation with age, weight, height and systolic BP which was statistically significant (p=0.04, p=0.01, p=0.05). Like wise there was a reverse relationn between serum magnesium level and FBS, HbA1C, Cho, TG, but these correlations were not statistically significant. There were direct but insignificant statistic associations between diastolic BP, diabetes duration, serum calcium and phosphorus levels and serum magnesium.Conclusion: In this study mean magnesium level in type 2 diabetic patients was within normal range. Correlation between Serum magnesium level and glycemic control was not statistically significant. Considering that serum magnesium level is not indicative of total body magnesium, another study to measure intracellular magnesium  in type 2 diabetic patients is suggested.

Introduction: Organophosphorous (OP) compounds are used extensively as pesticides, insecticides and herbicides in agricultural areas such as Mazandaran. These agents have untoward effects on the environment and human health. Chemical sewage and waste water work similarly. The goal of this study was to determine the activity of AChE in fishes that had been normally exposed to pesticides or other toxins. Material and Methods: Samples (Cyprinus caprpio, n=8) were obtained from three different regions (caspian sea, well and river-fed fishes)  during Nov & Dec 2003 from Sari. using colorimetric Ellman procedure, AChE analyses were performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Newman–Kelus by SPSS. Enzyme activity was calculated as μM ASCh / hydrolized/ min/g. Results: By measuring absorption, enzyme activity was calculated as 5.54, 1.63 and 0.44 μM ASCh/ hydrolized/ min/g.  The mean AChE activity was significantly different in three groups (p< 0.001). Conclusion: In River fish exposure to OP compounds, heavy metals and other toxins was more than those of well and sea fed fishes. Accumulation of heavy metals in wells, is a mechanism proposed for reduction of AChE activity in well-fed fishes.

Introduction: Intensive care unit (ICU) is set aside for the patients having several complex problems and/or multi-organ failure. ICUs are vital components of modern health care systems. This study was conducted to determine prognosis and mortality rate of the patients hospitalized in Tohid hospital ICU in Sanandaj, in 2000. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study and included patients admitted to Tohid hospital ICU in Sansndaj in 2000. The collected data were recorded in check lists. 238 patients were studied, 16 of them were excluded from the study because they were transferred to other wards of the hospital. Data were analyzed by use of SPSS.Win soft ware and descriptive statistics including frequency, mean and standard deviation. Results: According to the results of this study, 162(73%) of the subjects were referred to ICU from emergency ward, 23(10.4%) from operating room and 37(16.7%) from other wards. Men comprised 123(54.4%) and women 99(44.6%) of the patients. The mean duration of patients hospitalization in ICU was 3.95 (SD=4.5). Mortality rate for patients was 45.5 percent (101 patients died in ICU). Conclusion: This study showed that the mortality rate of the patients admitted in  Tohid hospital ICU in Sansndaj was high, this may be related to admision criteria for ICU and low standard methods for taking care of the patients.

Introduction: one of the relatively common complications of anesthesia is shivering which increases the oxygen demand about 100%. This is potentially dangerous for high risk patients. This study evaluated the effect of tramadol, petedine and placebo on preventing post anesthetic shivering. Material and Methods: In this double blind study 120 ASA I, II parturient women scheduled for elective caesarian section, divided randomly into petidine (P), Tramadol (T) and placebo (C) groups. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were  the  same  for  three   groups. At  the end of  every  operation 1 mg/kg tramadol, 0.5 mg/kg petedine and 2 ml normal saline were injected intravenously for T, P and C group patients respectively. The time of  every event, i.e. extubation, recovery from anesthesia (doing sharp action), analgesic request in recovery room and shivering was recorded. Results: the time required for every event i.e. extubation of patient, opening the eyes with command and doing ordinary and sharp acts were the same in three groups. Incidence of shivering and the rate of analgesic request were the same in P(5%&35%) and T(5%&32.5%) groups which were significantly lower than C(40%&67.5%) group (P<0.05). Conclusion: the results of our study revealed that tramadol and petedine prevent post anesthetic shivering and decrease the need for analgesics in recovery room. They have no effects on recovery time. We recommend prophylactic use of tramadol or petidine to prevent the post anesthetic shivering.

Introduction: One of the most important factors which leads to unintended pregnancies is the use of coitus interruptus as a contraceptive method. It is a traditional method and has high failure rate. Coitus interruptus may by the cause of unpleasant sexual experience for women, decreased libido, minimal the rate of orgasms, So we decided to study the factors that motivated the Women to Choose this uneffective method and revert their attitudes toward using effective contraceptive methods in 36 women between the ages of 15-49 in Damghan, Iran. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study which was done in  focus group discussion method in the women who had chosen coitus interruptus as their contraceptive method. They were devided into 4 groups: In 2 groups Coitus interruptus was a Child Spacing method and in the other groups it was Chosen at the end of the Child bearing period. All of these women participated in the group discussions and their belives were Classified for analysis. Results: Most of the women belived that “The Couple’s desire” and “recomendations of family and friends” were the major determinants for Choosing a Contraceptive method. In group discussions, Some believes were common in different groups: for example likelihood of weightgain and depression by ocp use, probable uterine bleeding and unintended pregnancy while using IUD and men`s disapproval of Vasectomy and condom use . Conclusion: we concluded that there is a special need for couples to know more about mechanisms of action, benefits, complications and failure rates of contraceptive methods. We must encourage the men to participate in family planning programs.

Introduction: The rate of Caesarean section has been on the rise in the past 25 years without any evidence of improved prospects for the mother or baby. Caesarean section is associated with important potential consequences, including subfertility, uterine rupture, and placenta previa. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between caesarean section and subfertility among women who had planned a future pregnancy. Material and Methods: This historical cohort study was done in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. All women who had history of vaginal delivery (Control Group) or caesarean section (Case Group) were regarded eligible to be included in the  study. We examined the relationship between previous caesarean section and the time interval before planned conception among women who had previously delivered a live child. Specific fertility information included previous obstetrical and gynaecological history, sexual experience, oral contraceptive use; including duration of use, duration of cohabitation, paternity, regardles of having any plan for pregnancy and the time interval needed for conception. One of the interesting factors was age of mothers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results:According to the result of this study 234 pregnant women with history of previous cesarean section and 392 pregnat women without that history were included in our study. The mean time interval after taking decision for pregnancy up to conception was 9.63 (SD=9.41) months in cesarean group and 6.00 (SD=6.31) months in control group. The differences between two group were significant (p=0.001). The effect of Caesarean section on producing secondry infertility was significant (RR=1.88, P=0.001).Conclosion: These findings suggest a relationship between Cesarean section and subfertility. Subfertility may be a consequence of Cesarean section, and may lead to social, health and economical problems.

Introduction: Nowadays, all arranging plans is based on related data. Similarly, in the field of medicine, mortality data are used in order to check  causes of death. The most important point in collecting data is to use death certificates which fulfills all the researcher`s demands. In order to attain this goal, World health organization recommended a uniform and identical death certificate in which there is an emphasis on recording the initiating (i.e. main), background and direct causes of death. The objective of this plan is identification anf prevention of causes of death. This study was performed with the following objectives: Firstly, to determine the percentage of valuable data recorded in death certificates, secondly to determine the percentage of valid certificates in which causes of deaths have been recorded. Material and Method: The entire death certificates issued during years 75 to 81 have been extracted and recorded causes were studied from two aspects. In order to determine the value of data they were compared with mortality tables in the international disease classification book, and then causes which where not the main cause of death (that have no data value in prevention of death circle according to World health organization) and also certificates without recording validity were determined. Results: Based on present study the data of 33.1% of total issued certificates were not of  value (i.e. the recorded cause was not the main cause of death) and also 2.9% were lacking record validity (recorded causes were not according to World health organization). Among recorded causes in cardiovascular system, the highest prevalence belongs to descriptive diagnosis of cardiac arrest, with 47.2%, which however, has no data value because it accompanies all deaths. Conclusion: The results from this study show that 36% of the burial certificates were not, compatible with the formula of international directives. In order to ratify the data production process, planning a uniform and identical death certificate should be taken into consideration. For information recording system. training registerers to record useful data, and also creating facilities and insisting on using precise diagnostic tests, could promote data production process.

Introduction: Implant insertion is known as an effective, comfortable long acting method of contraception. This study is designed to estimate the effectiveness, side effects, compliance and continuation rate of the levonorgestrel six-rod implants used in Bandar Abbas. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 225 women referring to family planning clinics in Bandar Abbas were enrolled. All of the Participants had selected norplant as a measure of contraception. They were interviewed and followed-up for 5 years unless they removed their Norplant earlier. Results: A total of 220 women underwent six-rod implant insertion and after exclusion of 45 women, rest of them (175 women) were observed for a total of 517 women years. No pregnancy observed during the study. The most common side effect was menstrual irregularities (54.8%) which was the main reason for removing norplant in users. Compliance of the participants and continuation rate was 93.71%, 80%, 48.57%, 41.38%, and 31.43% for one, two, three, four an five years respectively. 65.15% of the users approved of this method. Conclusion: The levonorgestrel six-rod implant system is an effective, convenient, long acting and well tolerated method of contraception in Bandar Abbas.