SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KURDISTAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2000 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 (SERIAL NUMBER 16) |Papers Count:12

INTRODUCTION: Cancers of the digestive system are among the prevalent cancers with high mortality rate. The incidence rates of these cancers are variable in different societies. The epidemiological features of these cancers have changed in the recent decays. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the epidemiological features of gastric and oesophagial cancers in kurdistan province in 1999.Materials & METHODS: The subjects were the patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric or oesophagial cancers in kurdistan province in 1999 (91 patients). This was a descriptive study and the sampling method was census. The data were collected by observation and interview with the patients.RESULTS: Fifty four patients (59.3%) had gastric cancer and 33 cases (36.3%) had oesphagial cancer. The average age of the patients with oesophagial cancer was 57.1 year (with standard deviation of 12.6 year), and for patients with gastric cancer was 63.5 year (with standard deviation of 11.2 year). 71.4% of the patients were male and 28.6% were female. 75.8 % of the cancers were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 24.2% were adenocarcinoma.. Ninety eight percent of gastric cancers were adenocarcinoma. Just one of the patients had history of alcohol drinking, meanwhile 53.8% had smoking, 86.3% had drinking hot tea, 12.5% had family history of these cancers, 46.7% had eating salty meat and 25.2% had consumption of antiacid drugs.CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings of this study it seems that risk factors of gastric and oesophagial cancers in Kurdistan province differe from other regions, alcohol and smoking have less important role. We suggest the complete and comprehensive study to demonstrate the incidence rate of these cancers risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was assessment of the level of knowledge and hygienic behavior in girls aged 15-18 in high schools of Meshkinshahr and Mohammadshahr (subareas of Karaj) about dysmenorrhea and menstural hygiene in 1998. MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive study. Two handerd fifty students were selected by simple randomized sampling in two subareas. The data was collected through a 44-item questionnaire.RESULTS: Seventy seven percent of the subjects claimed that they had enough awareness about dysmenorrhea, but half of them would do the personal hygiene such as bathing and using hygienic devices. About 48% of the students avoid any physical activity or exercise during menstrual period. About 67% of the students had taken palliative therapy for their menstrual pain without prescription of a physician. Fifteen percent of the girls stated that dysmenorrhea has interfered with their daily life and caused them to be absent between 1 to 5 days in high school. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in this study was 71%.CONCLUSIONS: The basic point achieved in this study was the necessity of the training of menstrual hygiene including nutrition, exercise, personal hygiene, and appropriate use of drugs based on physician's prescriptions to the female students.

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiology of bacterial infections in the large educationl Hospitals has important role in empiric antibacterial treatment of febrile patients until the culture results become available. This study was aimed to determine the relative prevalence of infections and their ethiologies in Al -Zahra hospital during 1995-1997.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive study to demonstrate the relative prevalence of infections and their ethiologies by studying the culture results in the laboratory of Al-Zahra hospital during 2 years.RESULTS: There was total number of 2765 positive cultures from which the most sites of infections were urinary tract (33.3%), blood (21.7%) and respiratory tract (14%), consequently. The most number of positive cultures were from ICD. The most of the bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides.CONCLUSIONS: The relative prevalence of infections and their ethiologies in this study were almost the same as those reported by the others throughout the world.

INTRODUCTION: CDH is one of the most common congenital abnormality in the neonate. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and predisposing factors of CDH in neonates born in Sanandaj during 1997- 1998.MATERIALS & METHODS: The method of the study was population based case- control. The subjects were new born infants with CDH which born from June 1997 to June 1998 in Sanandaj. The CDH was diagnosed by physical examination of the newborns. The control group was selected from newborn infants without CDH with paired matching method and four fold numbers.RESULTS: The total numbers of 4827 newborn infants were examined; from these, 143 infants (19.6 in 1000 newborn) had CDH. The CDH was right-sided in 18.3% of the patients, left-side in 70.5% and bilateral in 11%. No. significant association between CDH and parity, labor interval, familial marriage, presentation of fetus and pregnancy age was found.CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the high incidence rate of neonatal CDH in this study, it seems to be necessary to develop the screening program for early diagnosis of CDH in the newborn infants.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research was to study the practice of couples about family planning and related factors in the first year of marriage.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was an analytic-descriptive study. One thousands couples that passed not more than 12 months of their marriage were selected by cluster randomized sampling method. The data collection method was interview and questionnaire.RESULTS: Ninety two percent of couples have passed family planning teaching class before marriage. Twenty one percent of the women were pregnant, 68% were not pregnant and 11% had one baby. The majority of the mothers (93.5%) decided to have baby consciously. Fifty seven percent of couples at the time of research were using contraceptives, while 43% were not. Thirty seven percent of couples received contraceptives from private units and 53% from public units. There was significant relationship between woman status in the first 12 months of marriage and using contraceptives and her literacy (P<0.02 and P<0.0001 respectively). The woman's literacy affected her attitude for family security and stability by having baby in first. The year (P<0.0001). The woman's attitude for suitable time in order to have baby affected her status in the first 12 months of marriage (P<0.05). There was significant relationship between woman's profession and her attitude (P<0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Eagerness of the woman to have baby and encourage of "her relatives, wrong believes in using contraceptives before first delivery, security feelil1g by being mother, woman unemployment and unsatisfaction of contraceptives in the early years of marriage were the probable reasons for no make use of contraceptives in the first year of marriage.

INTRODUCTION: The wrist of the human called carpus, has eight bones which are ordered in two equal rows. In some people, the numbers of these bones are congenitally more or fewer than eight. When in the process of osteogenesis, two of these bones tobe fused together, the number of the wrist bones becomes seven. The goal of this studyis to determine the prevalence of congenital lunato- triquetral bone in the wrist of human being.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The healthy adult from both sexes, referred to the hospitals in Ahwaz were randomly selected and their wrists were .examined by radiography. They was between 18 to 57 years old. The total numbers of the wrists were 2440, from which 1474 cases belonged to the males and 966 cases to the females.RESULTS: The prevalence of the congenitallunato-triquetral bone was 0.12%. This variation was not seen in women at all; in the men, it was both bilateral and unilateral.CONCLOUSIONS: There was no significant difference in prevalence of this congenital variety among Iranian, American and Japanian communities while there were significant differences between them with Ghana, Nigeria, and eastern Africa.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was assessment of attitude of medical students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences about future of their profession and the related factors in 1998.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. All of the medical students in the university (270 persons) were included in the study. The data was collected by a 5-choice questionnaire including 24 questions designed based on Leikret's graded measurement..RESULTS: In this study 52.4% of the male students and 27.8% of female students had negative attitude regarding their professional future. Twenty four percent of the students in basic science level, 48.5% of those in physiopathological level, 57% of the externs, and 70% of the interns had negative attitude too. There was a significant correlation between gender and the attitude (P<0.00014). The= difference in attitude between age groups was statistically significant (P<0.00014). There was also a significant difference between attitude of the students in different levels of education (P<0.000).Significant correlation between the attitude, family income, and employment status of the client were also found (P<0.00057 and P<0.1759 respectively).CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the attitude of the medical students about their professional future was not in a desirable state. So, further attention to this problem is recommended.

INTRODUCTION: One of the problem.sin general places such as barbery is lack of enough knowledge of employers about importance of hygiene in their profession. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the knowledge of the barbers in Sanandaj about transmission and prevention of communicable diseases in barbery.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was an observational-descriptive study. All of the 181 barbers in Sanandaj were included in the study. The data was collected by means of questionnaire and a check list.RESULTS: This study showed that 3.8% of the barbers were awarded about the most important communicable diseases in their job. About 82% of them expressed the reused blades as the main vector of transmission, and about 81% noticed the importance of sterilization as to be very much for preventing the transmission of the diseases. About 29% of them believed in sterilization and once-application tools.CONCLUSIONS: Since the barbery is a susceptible place for transmitting the pathogenic micro organisms, it seems to be necessary to develop the hygiene training programs through broadcasting for the people, to train the barbers to increase their knowledge about the diseases, and to continuously evaluate them.