Armaghane Danesh
Year:2016 | Volume:21 | Issue:8 (115)|Papers Count:9

Background & aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia.Hyperglycemia through enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes causes induction of spontaneous oxidation of glucose and, by stimulating the production of active oxygen and nitrogen components, leading to oxidative stress. Thus, according to the antioxidant effects of atorvastatin and zinc oxide, the aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of atorvastatin and zinc oxide on oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, 50 female Wistar rats were selected randomly and divided into five groups of 10 (n=10) including: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats treated with, atorvastatin (20mg/kg daily-orally) (DA), zinc oxide (30mg/kg daily-rally) (DZ) and combination of each drug in half-dose (daily-orally) (DAZ), were each treated separately. Diabetic rats were induced by injection of 60 mg per kg of body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. All treatments were dissolved in distilled water for four weeks. After completion of treatment (forth week), weight and blood sugar were measured and then compared with data measured on weight and blood sugar in the weeks before the start and second week of the study.The lipid peroxidation level (MDA), the activity of catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as an indicator of oxidative stress were measured in the hippocampus. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: Zinc oxide and atorvastatin alone rather than decrease blood sugar, reduced the complications of diabetes, including oxidative damage and combination of both reduced levels of diabetic complications led to the significant decrease in blood glucose levels and inhibiting the animal lose weight.Conclusion: It seemed that the combination of atorvastatin and zinc oxide have synergistic benefits to control blood sugar levels and oxidative stress, and also resulting in control of diabetes.

Background & aim: Results of numerous studies have shown that approximately 1 to 78 percent of female athletes suffer from eating disorders. On the other hand, it has been mentioned that folic acid could increase appetite. The ghrelin hormone is known as a strong stimulant for appetite. Therefore, to clarify the role of exercise and food intake of folic acid on plasma acylated ghrelin the study aim was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on ghrelin supplementation of folic acid and quantity of food intake and weight change in female rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups of 8 including: control, training and training along with folic acid supplementation. The training protocol consisted of aerobic exercise running on a treadmill for 12 weeks (5 days a week). Standard meal and water were freely provided for the subjects and in the supplement group 10 mg dissolved folic acid per liter of water were used and then the food intake and body weight was measured every week.24 hours after the last session of training and 8 hours of overnight fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected and hormones levels were measured using Eliza method. To data analyzing, one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used.Results: The results showed that 12 weeks of aerobic training with folic acid supplementation had significantly reduced serum acylated ghrelin levels (P<0.05), but no sign on stomach tissue acylated ghrelin was seen (P>0.05). The 12-week aerobic training with folic acid intake in comparison with other groups significantly increased food intake and body weight gain (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the acylated ghrelin reduction and lack of change in the stomach acylated ghrelin with increased food intake and body weight in rats, it seems that taking folic acid supplements inactive athletes with another strong mechanism, increasing consumption of food and influence on appetite center.

Background & aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease which induces a rise in inflammatory response and endothelial disorders. The aim of present study was to review the response of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CRP serum level to high and moderate endurance trainings in diabetic rats.Methods: In the present experimental research, thirty-two diabetic male sprague dawley rats were selected and based on their blood glucose, they were divided into four groups of eight: (1) diabetes sacrifice first week, (2) diabetes sacrifice last week, (3) moderate intensity endurance training and (4) high intensity endurance training and for review the effects of diabetes induction 16 healthy rats divided in two groups of healthy sacrifice first week and healthy sacrifice last week. Rats of high and moderate intensity endurance trainings ran on treadmill for eight weeks, three sessions per week and 60 minutes with intensity of 10- 17 and 17- 28 meter per minute. To analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, ANOVA with Tukey test was used.Results: Results indicated that induction of diabetes resulted in a significant increase in ICAM-1 (p=0.001), VCAM- 1 (p=0.001) and CRP (p=0.001) respectivly. Eight weeks moderate and high intensity endurance training showed a significant reduction on ICAM-1 (p=0.001), VCAM- 1 (p=0.003) and CRP (p=0.001) and such reduction on ICAM-1 (p=0.04), VCAM- 1 (p=0.04) and CRP (p=0.001) respectively. Also moderate and high intensity endurance trainings had equal effects on ICAM-1 (p=0.53), VCAM- 1 (p=0.90) and CRP (p=0.99) on diabetic rats.Conclusion: Moderate and high intensity endurance trainings had equal effects on reduction of ICAM-1, VCAM- 1and CRP on diabetic rats.

Background & aim: In traditional medicine, medicinal plants containing flavonoid compounds were used for several years in the treatment of various diseases. Quercetin is one of the flavonoid composition family that has a maximum antioxidant flavonoid content. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological features of rats peripheral blood neutrophils treated with quercetin.Methods: In the present experimental study, the rats peripheral blood neutrophils was isolated and then teated with various concentrations of quercetin (0, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml). The metabolic activity, phagocytosis capabilities, germicidal and respiratory burst of neutrophils were measured. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the analysis.Results: The results demonestrated that the respiratory burst of neutrophils treated by quercitine was significantly increased at minimum concentrations of 10 micrograms per ml. Simmilary, the phagocytic ability of neutrophils was significantly increased at minimum concentrations of 10 micrograms per ml.Albith, the phagocytic ability of neutrophils was increasesd in 5 micrograms per ml, howevet this finding didn’t show any significant change.Moreover, the application of quercetin at minimum concentrations of 10 micrograms per ml lead to a significant reduction in killing and survival of neutrophils in the treatment group compared to that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Quercetin could be considered as a natural

Background & aim: Most research on the effects of exercise on people with MS rehabilitation exercises sclerosis (MS) have been carried out on patients with low to moderate disability, but research on patients with different severity of disability (physical disability scale of zero to 10) still has to be carefully considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of twelve weeks of rehabilitation exercises personalized compound exercise on physiological cost index (PCI) and average speed walking in patients with MS at various levels of disability.Methods: The present research was a semi-experimental practical study. Thus among female patients admitted to the MS Association of Shahrekord city, 96 people were chosen on the basis of physical disability scores and divided into three groups. The first group consisted of less than 5/4 a total of 44 people, the second group between 5/65 and 5/6 up third of each 26 patients were then randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. Afterwards each group was divided randomly into an experimental group and a control group. The first group (the scale of disability less than 4.5), N=44. The second group (the scale of disability 5 - 6.5), N=26. Also 26 patients were in the third group (the scale of disability 6.5 and above). In addition, they were divided into 6 experimental and control groups. Training programs for experimental groups were 12 weeks, three sessions per week and one hour for each session. Factors such as physiological cost index and walking speed were measured with the appropriate tools before and after training. The experimental groups of 1, 2 and 3 each did their own intervention, while the control groups received only stretching exercises. Analysis of data obtained from 96 patients studied was done using descriptive statistics and the analysis of covariance and paired comparing of the adjusted means (P<0.05).Results: A significant difference in walking speed or low-intensity failure of the first group (p=0.000), moderate intensity or the second group (p=0.012) and severe and the third group (=p=0.000), in the experimental group were observed compared with the control group before and after exercise. In addition: significant differences was seen in PCI of patients with low disability intensity of the first group (p=0.023), moderate intensity or the second group (p=0.022) and severe or the third group (p=0.0001), in the experimental group compared with the control group before and after exercise.Conclusions: Implementation of Rehabilitation exercises was affective on the comprehensive exercise on MS patients' recovery and reduced the physiological costs, and consequently improved the performance of walking in their physiological and reduced fatigue. According to the results, it is recommended that experts use these exercises as a complementary therapy alongside drug treatments for M.S patients.

Background & aim: Nearly a decade the World Health Organization has tried to provide a unique definition of community mental health. But due to the complexity of psychosocial and cultural context, it is not provided. The purpose of the study was to determine indexes community mental health of children and adolescents in the province of Kohgiluyeh & Boyerahmad.Methods: This study was conducted as a hybrid approach (qualitative and quantitative). Delphi technique was used in qualitative research. In the current study, 31 experts, children and adolescents of Social Welfare organizations were selected as snowball method throughout the province of Kohgiluyeh & Boyerahmad. The primary data to run the Delphi Technique was gathered in three stages from the participants. The quantitative data were analyzed using factor analysis.Results: The results indicated that the main indicators of psychosocial health lie in intrapersonal (emotional self-awareness, risk-taking and self-respect), interpersonal (participation, social responsibility, and social relationships), stress (stress management and controlling emotions) and adaptability (flexibility and happiness) components. The results also showed that decreasing gender-related discriminations and rise in the educational level of parents are the major strengths and lack of required standards in child-care centers, lack of involvement of young adolescents in decision-making and lack of social skills in families are the major weaknesses of psychosocial health.Conclusion: Given the right conditions, and in order to safeguard children and adolescents against the grave consequences awaiting them, the organizations charged with the responsibility should raise the children and adolescents in such a way that they meet the professional needs of the society and feel responsible when it comes to these responsibilities and commitments.

Background & aim: Reproductive health of puberty is very important in the cycle of Life.Adolescence is a very important period of time in cycle of life and it is followed by physical, psychological and social changes. Therefore the aim of this study was needs assessment of reproductive health for adolescence as a first and principal step in curriculum planning for health services.Methods: This study was qualitative like the most needs assessments and the method was content analysis. Data gathering was done by semi structured interview. We used two focus groups (7and 10persons) for needs assessment of reproductive health between girls, and personal interview with 10 boys. We did content analysis and then extracted the main themes and sub themes.Results: Adolescent girls had diverse needs in four groups: experiences related to menstruation and hygiene, social needs, sexual needs and psychological needs. Also adolescent boys had three groups of needs like physical changes, psychological and sexual needs. In physical needs group they had some needs like no knowledge of symptoms of adolescence, no knowledge of hygiene related to puberty. In psychological needs group they had some needs like feeling depression and in sexual needs group they had some needs like tendency to make contacts with girls, no knowledge of communication with people with different sex.Conclusion: Education and the systematic planning in reproductive health matters are necessary for parents, teachers and adolescents, and they are known as the prior needs.

Background & aim: The Increasing phenomenon of post-marital relationship in the society has had adverse consequences. One of the consequences, is the instability of family foundations and the disintegration of social cells (families). The aim of this study was to determine the formation process of meta-marital relationship from mens viewpoint.Methods: The methodology of this study was grounded theory method.16 men with purposive sampling method were selected as participants in Gachsaran city, Iran. The data was obtained through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed due to the three stages of "open, axial and selective" coding.Results: Findings of the study were categorized in three major categories: the emotional disproportionate relationship-sexual between men and women' s, and, socio-cultural structure predisposing of men and women's sexual dissatisfaction and incorrect criteria for choosing a spouse and one core category named extramarital relationship, hiding object was created.Conclusion: Men Narrative participants indicated that due to spouse selection of "being unemployed, elder girl age, girl escape from his parental house, the divorced couple, and of man being widowed”, were are indications thay they were forced to be married. Also, due to “employed women and pressing sexual desire “was the tool selection. In most of these marriages, men and women had a great age difference, and initially there was no love among them. The prevailing of cold atmospherel and indifference in the marital relations caused led to the fact that they could not meet the emotional needs of each other. Moreover, the culture of modesty dominant over most of the Iranian families has banned the talk of sex and its quality not only in public environments such as schools, universities, radio and television, but also in the family and even between men and women as a "taboo", and these couples can not talk about the quality of their sex life with each other. At this situation, the women with post-marital relationship have expressed their objections by hidden relationships.