Armaghane Danesh
Year:2002 | Volume:7 | Issue:25|Papers Count:8

Protozoa of the genus Giardia lamblia lives in proximal part of the small intestine of humans and causes disturbance, disease and malabsorption, especially in children. Since this protozoa is one of the most prevalent pathogens in humans and is very important in the field of medicine, therefore, investigation about this parasite is necessary. Biological study of protozoa needs in vitro culture of trophozoites. Due to the development of serological tests and need for parasite antigens, in vitro cultivation of trophozoite is warranted. In this study, RPMI 1640 culture medium was used for Giardia growth and reproduction. Giardia cysts were purified by the four - layer sucrose method. After induction by acid solution, cycts were transferred to culture tubes and incubated in 370C. After 24 hours, samples were checked once a day for one week. From 53 culture samples,Giardia lamblia trophozoite was seen in 25 samples. Reproduction of protozoa in a large scale was not possible for a long time. Mean period of trophozoite viability was found to be 38.6 hours. Results of this study demonstrated that RPMI 1640 can be used for Giardia excystation and maintenance, but it is necessary to add other nutritional materials for reproduction and passage of trophozoites.

Training of rural midwives was performed in order to decrease pregnancy and delivery complications in rural areas. However, in spite of rural midwife"s presence in this area most of deliveries were conducted by nontrained traditional birth attendants (TBAs ). The purpose of this study was to determine the rural women"s attitude towards rural midwives in order to assess the factors related to this problem. In this study, 325 rural women in reproductive age were selected by multistage random sampling. Data was collected by interview and recorded in a predesigned questionnaire. The reslts of this study indicated that the majority of women were 20-30 years old and illiterate. Most of them had delivered at home (64.8%) and most deliveries were conducted by TBAs (64.2%).86.1% of the women had a negative attitude towards the general characteristics of rural midwives and 89.2% of them had a positive attitude towards the occupational characteristics of rural midwives. The overall attitude of women was positive "(51.3%). 1:here was a statistically significant correlation between attitude and some demographic characteristics of the women who took part in this study. It seems that the negative attitude towards the general characteristics of rural midwives is the main factor that effects "the utilization of rural midwife services by rural women. Therefore revision of the general characteristics in selection of rural midwives is recommended.

Studies show that job stress is the main reason of turnover, absence, burnout, depression and reduction in the quality of service. This study was performed to determine the rate of job stress in nurses employed in hospitals in eastern Mazadaran in 1999. This research was carried out on 339 nurses employed in different hospitals (private, state, educational and non educational). Data was collected randomly in a questionnaire by referring to different units of hospitals in Behshahr , Sari and Ghaemshahr. The results of this study indicated that job stress was moderate in 72.86% of the cases and there was a statistically significant correlation between work shifts and income sources and job stress (P<0/05). Considering the result of this study which showed that the majority of nurses have moderate job stress, we propose that social and professional support, should be provided in order to reduce job stress.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hydatid cyst in the slaughtered livestock in Qochan. This research was a cross-sectional study. The study was performed by sampling all slaughtered livestock in Qochan during the first week of April 2001. A total of 68 goats, 738 sheeps and 26 calves were studied. The findings of the study revealed that overall 164 animals (19.7% )were infected with hydatid cyst (7.4% of the goats, 20.6% of the sheep, and 26.9% of the calves). About 8.4% of the male and 27.9% of the female animals were found to be cyst- infected. Our data indicates that the prevalence of hydatid cyst in this region is very high.

In this study, 245 students from primary schools (boys and girls) with conduct disorders and the some number of normal children were selected. These two groups were matched based on age, gender, grade and economic status. Data was collected by a questionnaire. One part of the questionnaire was completed by teachers and the second part by the children"s parents. Analysis of data showed that most of the children with conduct disorders were boys (71.6%) mainly 11 years old (21.2%). Most of the parents in the case group were uneducated (50.8%), while in the control group, the educational level of parents was higher than a highschool diploma (40.9%). 34.6% of the case group and 22.4% of the control group had history of a disease. Parents of the case group used more physical punishment (72.8%) in comparison to the control group (53.5%). Significant differences were found between the case and control groups with respect to grade point average, disease, educational level of parents, quality of communication of parents with child ,application of physical punishment and state of communication of child with other children. No significant correlation was found with respect to the age interval of the child and the next sibling in the family, child"s training environment before school age, the age of parents at the time of marriage, number of people living in one family and the size of the house, between the case and control groups.

This study done to determine the mean age and effect of other factors in menarche. The results of this study showed that the menarche mean age of girls was 13.4 years (SD= 1.3) and in their mother's it was 14.04 years (SD=1.9); girls experienced menarche about one year earlier (P<0.05). In different ethnic groups the mean age of menarche was different and as follows: Fars 11.9(SD=3.2), Turk 12.7 (SD=1.1) and Lur 13.4(SD=1.6). Also a positive statistical correlation existed between the number of the mother's children and age of menarche (P<0.05).

This study was carried out to evaluate the attitude of general practitioners(GPs) and health personnel towards the referral system at the first level of offering medical services in Boyerahmad township.All of the physicians and health personnel working in the rural health centers and urbun medical centers in Boyerahmad were included in this study. A questionnaire was designed for each group. Results of this study showed that the level of awareness and attitude of physicians towards the referral system was not satisfactory. On the other hand, the health personnel were well aware of the referal system. Unfortunately, the physicians have not been introduced to the system at the beginning of their employment or during continous Medical education seminars. Lack of medications, difficulty with admission and lack of pursuit were mentioned as the most outstanding obstacles to the performance of the referral system.

The goal of this study was to recognize the hazardous sources and causes of accidents and types of injuries and death in workplaces in Arak, Iran. Data was obtained according to forms for accidents which were supplied by safety inspectors of the Labour Office and also others forms which were in the same files. Our findings showed that 97.3% of people who had severe body injuries( SBI) were male and 2.7 percent of them were females and all of deaths, were in males only. The high frequency of accidents causing SBI and death were seen in the age group between 30-39 years and were 36.9 and 56.5 percent respectively. According to the history of employment, the number of accidents causing SBI and death in people with less than one year work experience were 30.5 and 21.7 percent respectively. 65.2 percent of accidents causing death happened out of the workplace and 73.9 percent of deaths were due to vehicle accidents. The most common SBI were related to upper extremities with 59.4 percent and amputations of fingers (88 percent) was the most common SBI. Overall, the most important factor which led to death was vehicle accidents and the most common organ which was found to be liable to accident was the hands especially the fingers.