Armaghane Danesh
Year:2015 | Volume:20 | Issue:2 (97)|Papers Count:10

Background: Polyomavirus BK is a ubiquitous infectious agent with more than totally 80% prevalence in the world. One of the clinical importances of polyomavirus BK is association with of kidney injury and graft rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Non Coding Control region of the genome of this virus play a regulatory role in replication and amplification of the virus. This study was performed to design a specific and sensitive molecular technique to evaluate of the genetic variation of Non Coding Control Region of polyomavirus BK in kidney transplant patients Materials and Methods: In this study, total of 129 urine samples were collected from renal graft patients.Then, for the first time an in-house-nested-PCR sequencing method was optimized to evaluate of the possible genetic variation of Non Coding Control Region of polyomavirus BK in urine samples of studied kidney transplant patients.Results: Urine samples were collected from 76 (58.9%) males and 46 (35.7%) females with the mean age 38.0±.089 years. Totally 76 (58.9%) samples were positive for polyomavirus BK infection. The algorithm of the sequences of Non Coding Control Region was identified in polyomavirus infected urine samples.Conclusion: Sequence analysis of the Non Coding Control Regions of polyomavirus BK genome among urine samples showed a widespread rearranged genetic format in this region of viral genome among kidney transplant patients. Evaluation of these sequences showed a defined and different genetic algorithm form standard Archetype strains among studied patients.

Background & aim: Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent which inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline in the treatment of type 1 diabetes in mice and its effect on the expression of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPARg).Methods: After induction of diabetes in male C57BL/6 mice, they were treated with Pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Blood sugar levels were measured on days 0, 7, 14 and 21.Splenocytes were tested for cytokines production by ELISA. Further investigations on immune system changes in spleens were tested by semi-quantitative RT-PCR on PPARγ gene. Statistical data were analyzed using the Student t-test and ANOVA.Results: Treatment with pentoxifylline prevented the level of blood sugar in diabetic rats.Pentoxifylline treatment also significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL- 17 and IFN-g, while cause increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL- 10 and the expression of PPARg gene in the spleen compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Due to STZ induction, Pentoxifylline may have therapeutic effects against autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells on type 1 diabetes in mice.

Background & aim: Irinotecan Hcl is the first order drug for some neoplasm treatment in patients.Irinotecan Hcl has side effects on blood such as anemia and leukopeny. The aim of this study was to evaluate erythropoetic effects of the pomegranate hydroethanolic extract were examined on mice which treated by irinotecan Hcl.Methods: In this experimental study, 49 male mice (25-30 g) were divided in 7 groups (control, sham, treated by irinotecan Hcl (100 mg/kg), treated by pomegranate extract (100 and 400 mg/kg, i.p, daily for one week) and treated by irinotecan Hcl plus pomegranate extract (100 and 400 mg/kg, i.p, daily for one week) randomly.Anemia induced by administration of irinotecan in the experimental animal. At the end of experiment the blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture method and analized for RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct parameters. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.Results: The results of this study showed that irinotecan has affected on blood factors and cause to significance decrese compared with control group (p<0.001). Also groups which treated with pomegranate extract (100 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduce the side effects of irinotecan and cause to increasing in blood factors (p<0.001). The number of WBC counts in the group which received Irinotecan (100 kg) significantly decreased as compared with the control group (p<0.001). Irinotecan affected on blood Hb level and cause to significant decrease compared with control group. Groups which received pomegranate extract (100 and 400 kg) had positive effect and significantly increased the blood Hb levels as compared to controls (p<0.001).Conclusion: These results showed that consumption of pomegranate rind extract in a dose-dependent manner has protective effect on blood parameters in mice which treated with Irinotecan Hcl.

Background & aim: Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on the use of pentavalent antimony compounds as injection drug with highly side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect (s) of chamomile tea on cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in Balb/C mice.Methods: In the present experimental study, 22 male Balb C mice were inoculated with L. major promastigotes at the base of their tail to cause leishmaniasis ulcers. Then, the mice were divided into three groups of treated with chamomile tea, group treated with Glucantime, and an untreated group. In a period of two weeks, the first group was exposed to chamomile tea for 5 minutes every day, and the second group received glucantime intra-peritoneally. Finally, the size and the situation of wound healing at the beginning and at end of the study were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: The comparison of these three groups revealed that wound healing in group one and group two were 58.3% and 80% respectively, which was significant whereas no healing was seen in the control group (p=0.028). The average area of lesions in the three groups after treatment showed statistically significant difference (p=0.0001), but no significant diffrence was observed in the average area of lesions in the two groups of Glucantime and chamomile tea.Conclusion: According to the results, the effect of chamomile tea on cutaneous wound healing was similar to tomeglumine antimoniate (Glunantime). With regard to the side effects of pentavalent antimony compounds, the chamomile tea can be recommended as an alternative drug for treatment of leishmaniasis ulcer.

Backgrounds & aim: Forebrain ischemia induces complete interruption of brain blood flow and neuronal injury. In the present study the effect of Salvia rhytidia extract on cell numbers of the cerebral cortex and different hippocampal regions following ischemia-reperfusion (IR) was evaluated.Methods: In the present experimental study, Thirty-five adult male rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats. Control group (1), sham group (3), and 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 as ischemic groups. (2, 4, 5, 6, 7). Left common carotid and left vertebral arteries were occluded by tourniquet for 10 min. Group 2 received no drug. sham group (3) received normal saline without ischemia.Group 4 received Salvia (3.2mg/kg) and group 5 received silymarin (50 mg/kg), 2 h after ischemia. Group 6 received the same dose of Salvia and group 7 received the same dose of silymarin 0, 24, 48, and 72 hrs before ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, the brains of rats were prepared for histological studies. The cells were counted and cerebral and hippocampal tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Duncan as posthoc test.Results: Significant decrease was observed in the neural cell numbers of cerebral cortex and pyramidal layer of CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus in groups 2, 4 and 5 compared to control group (p=00000). No significant decrease was observed in neural cell numbers of cerebral cortex and all hippocampal regions in groups 3, 6, 7. Pyramidal layer of CA3 and granular layer of dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus in groups 2, 4 and 5 compared to control.Conclusion: Saliva extract with aintoxidan effect similar to silymarin protects the forebrain from ischemia injuries and reperfusion.

Background & aim: Brucellosis or Malta fever is a highly contagious zoonosis disease. In addition to clinical complications, the disease leads to an important economic loss. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and epidemiological prevalence of brucellosis in the Kohgilooye and Boyerahmad province (2009-2013).Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 374 patients with brucellosis in a period of five-year (2009-2013). Demographic data and address of all patients were obtained from the health centers of Kohgilooye and Boyerahmad province and analyzed based on the statistical methods. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests were performed.Results: Distribution of patients in this study showed that the majority of patients were in the Kohgilooye, Boyerahmad and Gachsaran districts, respectively, and the lowest were in Basht and Bahmaei districts. Among 374 patients, 8.5%, 23.5% and 68% of cases showed nomadic, urban and rural origin, respectvely.84% of patients had a history of contact with animals and 31.5% were ranchers and slaughterhouse workers in the province.50.5% and 49.5% of patients were female and male respectively.The mean age of patients was 39 years old.Conclusion: Contact with livestock plays an important role in prevalence of brucellosis in this province. Refering to report of notable urban cases, consumption of contaminated diary may have priority in the urban regions. This study provides a guideline for health managers to determine hazard regions of brucellosis and so perform the more efficient and with lower budget control deals in this province.

Background & aim: Physical training accompanied with herbal supplement consumption is one of the proposed methods for controlling obesity and its complications, such as diabetes, insulin resistance and inflammation of the liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks of aerobic exercise and supplementation of green tea on lipid profile, insulin resistance and liver enzymes (GGT, ALT, AST) in obese diabetic women (type 2).Materials and Methods: A total of 46 diabetic obese women aged between 45 - 60 were randomly divided into four groups of green tea, aerobic exercises with green tea, aerobic training (12), and placebo group (10 people) respectively. Groups of participants supplement were given a capsule of 1500mg green tea extract daily for 10 weeks. The exercises were followed three sessions a week in a ten week period.Results: At the end of week 10, in the supplements group, exercise plus supplementation and exercise the levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein were reduced, but this reduction was not significant (p>0.05). However, green tea and exercise was significantly increased the low-density lipoprotein (P£0.05). A significant reduction was seen on the Low-density lipoprotein, HOMA, insulin and weight (P£0.05). Exercise and supplementation significantly decreased the serum levels of liver enzymes in the experimental group (P£0.05).Conclusions: Green tea supplements with aerobic training were effective in controlling obesity and type 2 diabetes. By increasing the duration of the exercise and supplementation, it may find desirable results on serum cholesterol and triglycerides.

Background & aim: Optimism, due to its impact on mental and physical health, is of utmost importance. Finding practical and scientific methods to increase optimism and alleviate pessimism are essential. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of attribution retraining on optimism, and pessimism of female six-grade elementary students in Ahwaz primary schools, Iran. The attribution retraining was considered as independent variable and optimism and pessimism were considered as dependent variables.Methods: In the present experimental study, 54 sixth-grade primary school students were randomly selected and then divided to two groups of experiment and control groups. The present study was a field experimental research, including pretest-posttest and control group. The research instrument was the Children's Attribution Styles Questionnaire (CASQ) and was presented by Seligman, translated by ShehniYailagh and Ramezani, and adapted to Iranian students’ Culture.Before starting the retraining, two groups were tested in pre-tests of optimism, pessimism and then, the experiment group was taught attribution retraining, and the control group nothing. At the end of the training course, two groups were tested in post-tests of optimism and pessimism.Results: Results showed that attribution retraining (as independent variables), had a great effect on the dependent variables. The results showed that attribution retraining had increased the meaningful (p=0.001) amount of optimism and it had decreased pessimism (p=0.001) significantly.Conclusion: Attribution retraining with increased optimism and pessimism can prevent and reduce the mental and physical health.