The Scientific Journal of Iranian Blood Transfusion
Year:2018 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Platelet concentrate is one of the important blood products. The platelets are stored at that is an optimum temperature for bacterial growth, so the platelet bacterial contamination is considered to be the most common infective risk factor in blood transfusion.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we selected ten platelet concentrates from healthy donors prepared by Iranian Blood Transfusion Inovation Center and stored at 22oC with gentle agitation up to 5 days. Then, the antibacterial effects of LC on the platelet concentrates inoculated with the gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as the effects of LC on the metabolic parameters of the platelets were measured.Results: The results showed that L-carnitine in concentration of 50 mM could significantly decrease the growth of 1.5×106CFU/ml Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.01). Moreover, the concentration of 50 mM could better maintain the LDH enzyme activity in the platelet concentrate during storage (P day3 = 0.003, P day5 = 0.002). Lactate concentration in LC treated platelet was lower than the control group at day 5 of storage (P day5 = 0.008) and also pH of the platelet was better maintained in LC treated platelets. In addition, the platelet count showed less decrease in LC treated platelets compared with control group at day 5 of storage (P day5 = 0.007).Conclusions: L-carnitine can improve the metabolism and quality of the platelet concentrates, as an additive, during the storage and it can decrease bacterial growth in the platelet concentrates during the storage.

Background and Objectives: Having more than 50 antigens, the Rh system is one of the most polymorphic blood group systems where clinically it is the second important blood group system after ABO. E, C, D, e, c are the most frequent antigens of this system. Considering the few reports on the high frequency of these antigens in regular donors of Isfahan Blood Center, the aim of the study was to determine their phenotype and frequency, identify people with rare antigens, and form the data bank.Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive with 310 regular O type donors referring to Isfahan Blood Center in 2016 included by Nonprobability-Convenience sampling. A blood suspension of 3-5% in the normal saline 0.9% was prepared and exposed to Rh anti sera by direct agglutination. Then, the Rh phenotype was determined based on the most common genotype. Results: Among all the observed reactions, the highest frequency was e (95.16%) and the frequency rates of other antigens were 87.1%, 71.29%, 74.19%, and 32.9% for D-, C-, c-, and E-, respectively. The most common phenotype was R1r (27.42%), while the lowest being r"r (0.32%), and R2RZ (0.32%).Conclusions: Generally, the research on phenotype determination & RBC antigen frequencies in regular blood donor population would lead to accessible compatible blood types for regular blood recipients in minimum time and to reduction in hemolytic- alloimmune reactions.

Background and Objectives: Unnecessary transfusions and excessive use of blood and blood products are some of the most common problems in hospitals, causing much material and spiritual damage. Therefore, continuous monitoring of blood use is of great importance. In this study, the use of blood and blood products in Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand was evaluated over a one-year period.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, all forms of blood transfusion from different wards of the Vali-e-Asr Educational Hospital from Shahrivar 1394 through Shahrivar 1395 (According to Iranian Calendar) were reviewed. Using extracted data, the use of blood and blood products as well as the cross-match transfusion ratio (C/T) was calculated. The data were analyzed by K2 test & SPSS 16.Results: During the study, a total of 8173units of blood and blood products were transfused to patients. The overall C/T ratio was 1.35. C/T ratio in the heart surgery ward was 2.13% while it was 1.07% in the neurology and internal wards. In regard to packed cell utilization, the emergency and ENT wards had the highest (801 units) and the lowest (9 units) rates, respectively. In terms of the types of transfused blood and blood products, 3200 units of packed cell, 2770 units of platelet, 1876 units of FFP, and 327 units of cryoprecipitate were transfused. Conclusions: The results showed that the pattern of blood use in BirjandVali-e-Asr Hospital abides by the standards. However, the quality of blood management must be improved and the existing errors reduced.

Background and Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. The prevalence of ALL is 1 to 4.7 per 100,000 population every year world-wide. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs involved in many biological processes, such as epigenetic changes, regulation of mRNA transcription and translation. Identification of their function can be helpful to understand the pathophysiology and treatment of ALL. One of the important LncRNAs in hematopoiesis regulation is HOTAIR (LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA). The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of HOTAIR LncRNA in newly diagnosed B-ALL patients.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 40 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients as well as 15 healthy individuals as control were given 1mL of bone marrow specimen with EDTA anticoagulant. RNA (patients and control) was extracted and Real-time quantitative PCR was used to examine the expression of LncRNA HOTAIR in ALL patients. The results was analyzed by REST 2009.Results: The findings showed that expression of HOTAIR in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia type B increased significantly as compared to healthy controls (p˂0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, the increase expression of HOTAIR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be attributed to potential role of LncRNA HOTAIR in pathophysiology of the disease.

Background and Objectives: Tissue engineering as a potential method was developed for the repair of tissue damages. The basic prerequisite for tissue engineering is in vitro growth and proliferation of cells on the scaffolds. One of the important new biomaterials that was introduced in 2006 by Choukroun and colleagues is fibrin membrane and now is only used as an autologous biomaterial. However, the use of fibrin as allogeneic membrane due to the risk of transmission of viral and bacterial diseases is very limited. Perhaps the decontamination of fibrin membranes be a key solution to overcome the limitations of its application in tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, fibrin membranes prepared of FFP by three methods were decontaminated. Cell viability and toxicity of 3T3 fibroblast cell on membranes of fibrin that was decontaminated were evaluated by MTT assay. Statistical analysis of data was performed by using Paired-Sample t-test.Results: In case of both decontaminated and contaminated fibrin membranes, the survival of fibroblast cells 24 and 48 hours after exposure to the membrane increased significantly (P>0.01); however, 72 hours after exposure, the proliferation reduced and there were evidence of cells apoptosis.Conclusions: Based on these findings it can be concluded that Fibrin membranes by providing an appropriate background and releasing growth factors enhance the proliferative potential and increased survival of the cells. This feature is not affected by the decontamination methods of fibrin membranes.

Background and Objectives: Premature neonates are extremely vulnerable in the neonatal period, as is attested to by the high rates of infant mortality. Infants that are hospitalized are likely to have at least one blood transfusion. Anemia is one of the most common side effects. The purpose of this cross sectional descriptive study was outcome of red blood cell injection in preterm infants admitted to the NICU of the Mofid Hospital at 2016.Materials and Methods: For this descriptive cross-sectional study, 116 preterm infants weighing ≤ 1500 grams and gestational age ≤ 35 weeks who had no history of surgical and congenital anomalies were admitted to NICU. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 and dependent t-test. Results: Data were collected, apnea 79.31%, 19.82% ,tachycardia 80.17% ,48.27% and residue 55.73%, 21.34% before and after blood transfusion respectively according to nursing reports. Before and after transfusion mean of hemoglobin was 9.1 mg/dl and 11.8 mg/dl and hematocrit was 25.6% and 32.5%, respectively.Conclusions: Finding show apnea (p=0.001), tachycardia (p=0.004), residue (p=0.005), hemoglobin (p=0.001) and hematocrit (p=0.001). For prescription, Considering Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, improves laboratory, clinical and ventilator conditions in premature infants.

Background and Objectives: Rh blood group system is one of the complex systems of blood groups and composed of nearly 50 antigens. The two gens of Rh D and Rh CE are responsible for coding of Rh system. Rh null genotype does not express any of these antigens. The prevalence of phenotype Rh null is 1 person per every 6×106 individuals and it is rather difficult to find compatible blood for the recipients in need. However, as there are probably members with similar characteristics in a given family, it would be plausible to diagnose the phenotype in family members to prepare compatible blood in time of need.Case: In 2014, a 39-year-old negative female patient with hemolytic anemia referred to BoAli Hospital in Qazvin. Her sample, due to incompatibility in cross matching was further tested and her Rh null group was determined.Conclusions: This case was identified by antibody screening tests and the subsequent determination of Rh antigen phenotype. After checking other family members, her brother was identified as the second Rh null group case in the country.

Background and Objectives: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Angiogenesis is an important event in a variety of physiological processes such as embryonic development, menstrual cycles reproduction, and wound repair. It is also involved in pathological conditions such as solid tumors, diseases of the eye diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, hypertension psoriasis, endometriosis and obesity. Angiogenesis is dependent on a delicate equilibrium between endogenous angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Materials and Methods: Because of the angiogenesis importance in the development of its dependent diseases in this Review article we examined the different dimensions of the angiogenesis process, mechanisms and factors. The data were extracted from NCBI and SID.Results: Angiogenesis has driven by a cocktail of growth factors and pro-angiogenic cytokines and is tempered by an equally diverse group of inhibitors of neovascularization based on recent work from several laboratories; it is now eminently clear that angiogenesis and unrestricted production of normal or aberrant forms of pro-angiogenic mediators but also the result of a relative deficiency in angiogenic-inhibitory molecules. In general, the process of angiogenesis is a multi-factorial and highly structured sequence of cellular events comprising migration, proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells and finally vascular formation, maturation and remodeling.Conclusions: The key factor that regulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells is the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Angiogenic therapy includes inhibition of abnormal angiogenesis in some conditions such as tumors and stimulation of angiogenesis in conditions of ischemia, such as in ischemic heart disease or peripheral vascular disease.