ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE
Year:2001 | Volume:- | Issue:52|Papers Count:13

To prevent against recent virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a local isolate of the virus was propagated in bursal tissue, formalized and used for vaccine production. An experimental vaccine adjuvanted by oil ISA-70 was prepared and compared with a commercial IBDV -NDV inactivated vaccine. A single injection of the two vaccines protected chickens against mortality but the oil adjuvanted bursal derived vaccine conferred a higher percent of bursal protection.

The primary and secondary antibody responses of Trypanosoma evansi infected guinea pigs, all lacking foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antibodies, to an inactivated FMD vaccine containing O1 A-Mardabad and Asia1 virus strains was evaluated. In experiment 1, guinea pigs (group A) were infected and vaccinated against FMD simultaneously. In experiment 2, guinea pigs (group B) were infected then vaccinated on posttreatmentday 7. Booster doses were injected 28 days after primary vaccination. Blood samples were obtained 21 days after primary vaccination and 15 days after the second in both experiments. Body weight gains were diminished significantly in experiment 2, whereas body weight gains of guinea pigs in experiment 1 did not differ from that in control guinea pigs. Only in experiment 2, the infected animals showed a significant suppression (P<0.05) of humoral immune response to FMD virus after primary vaccination but the antibody titers were not significantly depressed until after secondary vaccination. The results indicate that T.evansi can depress the immunity against FMD virus in guinea pigs. The animals in experiment 2 failed to achieve protective antibody titers of 1/16 after a primary does and secondary antibody responses of the some infected animals required more time to reach pick titers.

An outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a large flock following vaccination against ILT is described. Laryngotracheal samples were obtained from some of infected pullets. Isolation and characterization of agent virus were carried out on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF). Several pocks on CAM were observed after five days of incubation. The isolated virus was neutralized by mono-specific antiserum against vaccinal ILT virus. For evaluation of pathogenicity of the isolated virus twenty 8-week-old SPF chicks were eye drop inoculated with 103 and 104 EID50%virus respectively and observed upto 7 days. Only two chickens in group 2 were shown moderate signs including conjunctivitis and swelling of lower eyelid. Histopathologic features in tracheal of both infected pullets and experimental SPF chicks were epithelial hyperplasia, multinuclear giant cells (syncytia) with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and infiltration of inflammatory cells, which was milder in latter. These findings indicate that the isolated virus was similar to vaccine strain. Our study suggests that under improper ILT vaccine administration and generally bad management practice conditions, the ILT may occur following vaccination.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a relatively recently discovered bacterium, which it is associated with respiratory diseases. Tracheal samples from carcasses of 100 poultry flocks submitted to Razi Institute were examined for ORT isolation. All these flocks were affected with respiratory disorders. Colonies of ORT were detected after 24h of incubation and identification of ORT isolates were carried out based on the biochemical and serological characteristics. Fifty-nine isolates from broilers, broiler breeders, and layer flocks were identified as ORT and analyzed for serotyping. The isolates were identified as serotype A, using standard antisera against ORT antigens in rapid slide agglutination, agar gel precipitation and immunodot tests. The identification of the species was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell proteins. High similarity of protein profiles of the isolates was observed. These preliminary results establish that ORT serotype A is associated with outbreaks of respiratory diseases in commercial poultry.

A study was performed on 219 infants, 111 boys and 108 girls, who were completely healthy physically. Data corresponding to the samples including sex and birth weight were recorded and the tuberculin test was performed. The response was measured as the diameter of the local firmness after 48- 72h. The response to tuberculin test was positive in 110 (50.2) including 57 (51.8%) boys and 53 (48.2%) girls. Positive cutaneous responses were most commonly observed 77% among infants with birth weight of 4,000 grams. Negative cutaneous responses were most common observed in 45% of infants with less than 2,500g birth weight. Adenitis was observed in 29 (13.2%) infants, 14 girls and 15 boys, after injection. Regarding the high rates of negative tuberculin responses it is recommended to revaccinate those with negative tuberculin test or initially vaccinate them after gaining appropriate weight.

The comparative study between ELISA and agar gel diffusion (AGO) tests was conducted on 105 human samples obtained from 37 patients with surgically confirmed hydatidosis, 47 apparently healthy individuals, and 21 persons with other parasitic infections. Sheep hydatid fluid was dialyzed against PBS and concentrated by evaporation used as antigen. The crude antigen was used in ELISA and AGO for determining antibody production in sera taken from patients with hydatid and other parasitic infections. The sensitivity of 86.5% and 73 % were estimated for ELISA and AGO, respectively while the specificity of both tests was 92.6%. False negative was observed in 13.5% and 27% of confirmed hydatidosis for ELISA and AGO respectively.

Hyperimmune antisera from rabbits, which immunized with sporozoite antigens of E.acervulina and chickens that infected with homologous sporulated oocysts were used for invasion experiments in MDBK cell. Both hyperimmune antisera were able to decrease significantly (P=0.002 for rabbit sera and P=0.004 for chicken sera) MDBK cell invasion by sporozoites of E.acervulina. Comparison of the effects in various conditions (with and without pre-treatment) demonstrated that the percentage inhibition for the rabbit antisera with pre-treatment was higher than that without pretreatment (P=0.05). Overall, the degree of inhibition of sporozoite invasion varied between the antisera and the rabbit anti-sporozoite sera in both conditions had a greater degree of inhibition than the chicken homologous antisera (P=0.003). These observations are another proof of the effectiveness of serum antibodies on sporozoites of Eimeria species and may suggest that rabbits recognize more key epitopes of sporozoites than the natural host.

A semi-purified laminated layer (LL) fraction of cyst wall of Echinococcus granulosus was prepared by affinity chromatography. Also its antigenic reactivity evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). SDS-PAGE analysis of the LL fractions showed that the bands in the 50-55kDa region and the 25-31kDa region were greatly reduced in semi-purified fraction in comparison with unpurified sample, which presumably reflected to removal of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains. An immunoblot data also confirms considerable reduction in the presence of IgG chains within the semipurified fraction. The current study indicated that the bands at 66, 55 and 27kDa were significant molecules for diagnosis of human cystic hydatidosis patients after purification of the crude sample.

Diabetic teratogenicity seems that to be related to embryonic oxidative stress and the extent of the embryonic damage can apparently be reduced by antioxidants. In this study, 2-cell stage embryos of normal mice were cultured for 96 h with a high concentration of glucose (30 mM) in the absence or presence of 1 mM L-ascorbic acid (LAA). In the end of culture, the morphology of embryos was assessed with the aid of inverted phase-contrast microscope, and also cell apoptosis was studies by TUNEL (TdT-mediated conjugated dupt nick end-Labeling) technique. Result: High glucosis alone decreased the blastosyst formation and increased the incidence of embryo fragmentation and cell apoptosis. With LAA, the incidence of high glucosis induced embryo fragmentation and cell apoptosis was decreased, on the contrary the incidence of blastocyst formation was increased.

Wild type Bordetella pertussis, Tohama strain was used in infection assays of four continuous cell lines human Foreskin, white mouse, monkey and bovine kidney cells. The result depended on the origin of cell line. One week after infection human Foreskin cell showed cytopathic effect and the bacteria were alive but in mouse cell just two days after infection the bacteria were beginning to die. Mean but in monkey and bovine cell lines the bacteria strain was able to persist within the host cells and a symbiotic relationship between cell and bacteria was seen.

To determine neutralizing antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine herpes 4 (BH4) viruses 9,968 serum samples in different parts of Iran were examined. Of these samples 33.97% and 4.75% detected IBR virus and BH4 virus antibodies, respectively. The results indicated that IBR virus infection is widely distributed among the bovine population but the cattle are less infected by BH4, and the co-infection with the both viruses are considerably common (3.4%) in indigenous cattle.

To overcome the feed wastage problem the present experiment was conducted in which 12 does with their suckling rabbits (60 young) were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. The recommended pellet and crumbled pellet (small size devoid of glossy surface) were supplied as feed for 30 consecutive days after which precise assessment was performed. Result show that the crumbled pellet consumption could minimize feed waste from 12.4%in control group to 0.7% in experimental group with no adverse effects. It has also caused 13% increase in young's weight rate.

Rhabdomyoma or rhabdomyosarcoma are names given respectively to benign or malignant neoplasm’s arising from striated muscle, skeletal, or cardiac. Although known in many animal species but it is in frequent. Rhabdomyosarcoma has been reported to arise from skeletal muscle of the tongue, pharynx, and panniculus, and from the myocardium and urinary bladder of dog which are locally invasive and tend to metastases early (Jones et al 1997). Primary tumors of striated muscle are rare. Malignant striated muscle tumors are twice as frequent as benign ones, and about half of the striated muscle tumors in domestic animals arise from sites other than skeletal muscles (Jubb et al 1993). Rhabdomyosarcoma was reported from budgerigar (Petrak 1969, Raphael & Nguyen 1980) and fowl (Grewal & Patel 1985, Dukes & Pettit 1983). However, It suggested that rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma were rare tumors in poultry. Avian rhabdomyosarcomas may induce by Rous sarcoma virus (Levenbuk et al 1994). In human, rhabdomyosarcoma is predominantly a neoplasm of infancy, child hood, and adolescence, with a peak incidence in the first decade of life. It is the most common form soft tissue Sarcoma in the pediatric population. These tumors arise most frequently in the head and neck area, genitourinary tract and retro peritoneum occasionally tumors originate in the extremities (Kumar & Robbins 1997). In this paper a rhabdomyosarcoma is described on the muscle of left thigh of a male budgerigar.