Yafteh
Year:2019 | Volume:21 | Issue:2 (80) |Papers Count:16

Background: Physical activity and sport act as a non-drug treatment and prevention of noncontagious diseases. Accordingly, one of the most widely used tools is endurance training. The aim of this study was to survey the pre-treatment effects of continuous and intermittent endurance training on the gene expression of osteopontin in the heart tissue of male wistar rats following the induction of myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 32 rats were kept under standard conditions and divided into four groups (healthy control group, ischemic control group, continuous training group and intermittent training group). The healthy control group did not undergo myocardial infarction, while the ischemic control group underwent induced myocardial infarction after eight weeks. The training groups also did endurance training on treadmills for eight weeks and were subjected to induced myocardial infarction after 48 hours of rest. One week after confirmed occurrence of ischemia, the rats’ hearts were isolated and qRT-PCR was used to measure OPN gene expression. Results: The results of this research showed that OPN gene expression in the heart tissue of male wistar rats increased significantly after the induction of myocardial infarction compared to the healthy control group (p<0. 05). Also, the relative expression of this gene in the ischemia control group was significantly higher than both the two training groups (p<0. 05). Comparing the two types of training, the relative level of OPN expression in the group that underwent continuous training was lower (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Cardiac infarction leads to an increase in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac fibrosis. Endurance training, especially regular continuous training, can moderate the increase in these factors.

Background: Alzheimer’ s, the most common type of dementia, is a chronic and progressive degenerative disorder. It affects cognitive functions, social interactions, and quality of life. It is expected that by 2041, the elderly population in Iran will be around 25%. So, a cognitive stimulation therapy protocol has been introduced with a framework for maintaining cognitive abilities and improving quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive stimulation therapy in cognitive function and quality of life in people with Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods: the research method was a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group. 24 Alzheimer's patients who were residing in Tehran's elderly care and treatment centers were selected by available sampling. They were randomly assigned into two groups; an experimental group (interventional technique: cognitive stimulation therapy) and a control group. Measurement tools consisted of a MMSE cognitive test questionnaire, The Mini Cog test, CDR memory test, and QOL-AD questionnaire. Results: results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in cognitive function and this showed that therapy is effective. Also, cognitive stimulation therapy, both directly and intermediately, increased the quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0. 001). Conclusion: Cognitive stimulation therapy, as an effective non-pharmacologic intervention, can be used to improve the cognitive status and quality of life in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: One of the important aspects of nanotechnology for use in biology is the production of nano materials with controllable size, chemical characteristics and dimensions. It can be said that the purpose of nanotechnology is to control each atom and molecule. It is now known that nanoparticles are capable of destroying cancerous cells without side effects on normal cells. Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the third most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the Amaranthus Cruentus plant on Hep G2 liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The studies in this research included in vitro experiments. The antiinflammatory effect of silver nanoparticles produced by the Amaranthus Cruentus plant was evaluated using the Real-Time PCR technique and assaying the expression of IL-1b and IL-10 genes at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μ g/ml. Results: The findings from the gene expression showed that the silver nanoparticles produced by the Amaranthus Cruentus plant significantly reduced anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the expression of the IL-1b pre-inflammatory gene expression at the level of P <0. 001 and increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 meaningful at the level of P <0. 001. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, silver nanoparticles of the Amaranthus Cruentus plant have anti-cancer properties, and the expression of the gene leading to inflammation, IL-1b, decreased meaningfully. In addition, there was a significant increase in the expression of the IL-10 gene. Given these features, it is likely that the use of these nanoparticles, after supplementary studies, can be suggested as complementary data in the treatment of cancer and could have other biomedical applications.

Background: Nowadays, broad synthesis and application of azo dyes result in environmental and health concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration in the removal of reactive black 5 dye from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this study, Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a cationic surfactant. A polyacrilonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membrane (20 kDa) was used in crossflow operation where the retentate was recirculated to the feed tank and the permeate was collected over certain times. For better understanding the effect of operating variables and their interactions on the performance, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Three independent parameters including pH (4, 7 and 10), initial CTAB / dye ratio (5, 10 and 15) and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) (2, 3. 5 and 5 bar) were applied. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that dye rejection was primarily influenced by CTAB/dye ratio was statistically significant (p-value <0. 05). It was found that flux was affected by TMP, while pH and CTAB/ Dye had less influence on the flux. In optimum conditions (around neutral pH (7) low pressure (2 bar) and CTAB/dye of 12. 5, about 100% of dye could be rejected from the aqueous stream according to the build model. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R2>0. 9) confirmed that RSM based on the Box– Behnken was a suitable method for optimizing the main operating variables of dye rejection by the EMUF process for this range of variables. Conclusion: This study revealed that MEUF using CTAB under different operating conditions could efficiently remove reactive black-5 dye.

Background: drug use disorder is one of the main health challenges in Iran, which threatens the quality of life and causes many social issues. Accurate and up-to-date information forms a basis for planning and controlled interventions. Given that accurate estimation of drug use is a long lasting challenge in Iran, this study was conducted to obtain accurate data regarding drug use prevalence and patterns in the population of Lorestan province. Materials and Methods: the study was a cross sectional household survey with a sample of 3960 individuals, aged 15 to 64, in Lorestan province in the year 2016. The data collection tool was a checklist, which elicited demographic information and information related to the use of different drugs in the past week, the past month, the past year, and lifelong. Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data. Results: in total, 3878 individuals participated in the study. The lifelong prevalence of smoking was 13. 3%, hookah was 12. 68%, alcohol was 4. 14% and drug use was 7. 3% of the general population in Lorestan Province. The past-week prevalence of smoking was 10. 7%, hookah was 7. 58%, alcohol was 0. 91% and drug use was 3. 45%. Conclusion: this study showed that in Lorestan Province, the lifelong prevalence of smoking, hookah, alcoholic drink and drug use were lower than the average in the country. The prevalence of past-week hookah use was higher than the average in the country and the prevalence of past-week drug use, smoking and consumption of alcohol in Lorestan were lower than the average in the country.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week program of strengthening the quadriceps and hip external rotation on the Q angle of the hip, balance and pain in active females with Patella-pain syndrome PFPS). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 27 female athletes with PFPS participated in this study and were divided into two groups: control (n=15) and experimental group (n=12). In this study, a Goniometer was used to evaluate the angle Q and to evaluate the dynamic and static balance, a footscan and Y-balance function test were used. Pain was evaluated by VAS questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. To analyze the differences between the two groups, covariance analysis and t-test were used at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The results of this study showed the effect of 8 weeks of strengthening of the quadriceps and hip external rotation on pain variables (P≤ 0. 001), Q angles (P ≤ 0. 001), static (P≤ 0. 001) and dynamic (P≤ 0. 001). After 8 weeks, the training group performed better than the control group. Conclusion: In general, it seems that the strengthening of the quadriceps and hip external rotation muscles results in an improvement in the alignment of the lower limbs and the Q angle. Pain in the area is decreased by reducing contact between the patella and the knee and a knee pain reduction is produced by a strengthening of the hip muscles to improve the performance and balance of athletes with Patella-Femoral-pain syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study is The prediction of executive function of planning based on chronic stress, sensory processing sensitivity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 patients with multiple sclerosis of Iran, s MS Society selected by available sampling and completed two scales, chronic stress scale, sensory processing sensitivity and neuropsychological testing of Tower of London. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17. Results: the stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that among subscales of sensory process sensitivity, only low sensory threshold can predict function and time of planning. Whereas low sensory threshold predict 27 % variance of function of planning(p<0/001)and through entering of chronic stressto into the model sensory threshold and chronic stress predicted 0/37% variance of function of planning simultaneously(p<0/001). Also low sensory threshold predicted 27 % variance Of tim of planning(p<0/005) and through entering of chronic stressto into the model increased to 33 %. Conclusion: In order to explain the findings of this study it can be concluded that chronic stress lead to release stress hormone, that damage hypocamp and frontal lobe. Those both supress unrelated informations and establish planning and problem solving strategies. And low sensore threshold eliminates and deters stimuluses and lead to information processing disorder and planning impairement.

Background: Studies have shown that Sirtuins have critical roles in the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, while hTERT has a protective effect via increasing the length of telomers in cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega 3 and vitamin E supplementation on the gene expressions of SIRT1 and hTERT and serum hsCRP level in CAD patients. Materials and Methods: Participants in this Randomized Clinical Trial consisted of 60 nonsmoking male CAD patients, with age ranges 45-65 years, who were categorized into three groups, receiving: 4g/day of omega 3 and vitamin E placebo (OP); omega 3 (4g/day) and vitamin E 400IU/day (OE); and omega 3 and vitamin E placebos (PP) for two months. Results: Gene expression of SIRT1 increased significantly in the OE group (P = 0. 039), but gene expression of hTERT was not significantly different between the study groups. Supplementation with omega 3 and also co-administration of these fatty acids with vitamin E significantly decreased hsCRP level in OP and OE groups (P=0. 008 and P= 0. 050, respectively). Conclusion: Supplementation with omega 3 and vitamin E seems to include beneficial effects on CAD patients, possibly via increasing gene expression of SIRT1, and also by lowering inflammation through decreasing serum level of hsCRP in these patients.

Background: schizophrenia is common in all ages. It affects cognitive abilities, and assessment and treatment is necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on short-term memory deficits in chronic schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: this semi-experimental research used a pre-test and post-test with control a group. The study population included all the patients with chronic schizophrenic disorders in the center for chronic psychiatric patients in the city of Arak, totalling 30 patients. They were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (each group was 15). The experimental group received 15 rehabilitation sessions. Results: results showed cognitive rehabilitation increased the overall scores of auditory and visual memory, and the vocabulary span of the participants in the experimental group, but cognitive rehabilitation had no effect on the digit span with chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion: The result of the present study showed that cognitive rehabilitation is effective in improving auditory, visual and vocabulary short term memory. Therefore, it is recommended that psychological intervention should be combined with pharmacological treatment.

Background: breast cancer is currently the most common cancer among women, and is a multistage disease. The EBV virus is known to be a major contributor to human cancers. The development of breast cancer in humans is often regulated by steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. The aim of this study was to simultaneously investigate the expression of the EBV BXLF2 and the human PR / ER gene in breast cancer patients referred to the l Tabriz International Hospital. Materials and Methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 50 women with mean age of 57. 3 years Genomic DNA extraction from specimens was performed using the saturated salt method. The cDNA was then synthesized from the extracted RNAs. Real-time PCR was used for the expression of the BXLF2 gene, the detection of the EBV genome, and the determination of the PR / ER gene. Results: as breast cancer progressed, the expression of ER increased significantly and with the increase in the stage of the disease, the level of expression of PR decreased significantly (p-value = 0. 0043). A weak correlation was found between age and viral title. There was a significant relationship between the presence of progesterone receptor gene expression and virus load in the affected person. (P-value <0. 001). Conclusion: In progesterone receptors, the expression of the receptor gene in the first three steps was approximately one-and-a-half times, which then decreased at different stages, the expression of the estrogen receptor expression increased. There was a weak correlation between age and EBV titers (P-value <0. 001).

Background: Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a growing chronic illness, and it imposes excessive expenses on different communities all around the world, including in Iran, in addition to the adverse effects on the clinical status of patients. The purpose of the present research was to study the effectiveness of ACT on biological markers (2HPP, HBA1C, FBS) of patients with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: the present research is considered as semi-experimental, with pre-test, post-test and control group. The population for the research included all diabetic patients referred to a health care center in Kermanshah in 2016. 40 individuals were selected by available sampling and random replacement in experimental and control groups (20 individuals per group). They were tested for standard laboratory indicators (FBS, 2HPP, HBA1C). Data analysis was carried out by 20th version of SPSS software. Results: the results showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test mean score of the biological markers FBS, HBA1C, 2HPP after removing the effect of the pre-test in the experimental and control groups (p<0. 01). In other words, it can be said that ACT balances the biological markers FBS, HBA1C, 2HPP for patients with type II diabetes in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: according to the results, it can be said that ACT may be effective in balancing biological markers of diabetic patients by improving the psychological status of diabetic individuals. Therefore, this treatment can be used by centers of treatment of type 2 diabetes and in psychiatric and counselling clinics that work with high-grade patients.

Background: Since doing exercise in a standing position for some people is not possible, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of seated aerobic exercises on the emotional and moral intelligence of elderly women. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and unequal control group. The sample was a group of 60 women who had been referred to sports clubs. Firstly, the questionnaires of intelligence (Schutte et al., 1998) and moral intelligence (Martin & Austin, 2010) were completed as a pretest, then the experimental group participated in seated aerobic exercise for 12 sessions of one hour each, under the supervision of an instructor. The control group performed their normal everyday activities. At the end, the above questionnaires were completed as a post-test. Data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilks and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results show that seated aerobics exercises were effective in increasing the emotional (U=254, p≤ 0. 002) and moral (U=52. 5, P≤ 0. 001) intelligence of elderly women. Conclusion: It seems that the psychological benefits of aerobics in its moderated form is also preserved in the early years of ageing.