Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2010 | Volume:14 | Issue:54|Papers Count:12

The study of intra-industry trade is crucial for the countries who seek to reach the real comparative advantages. For the expansion and benefiting from international trade an optimal trade structure is required. For this purpose recognizing and forcing the comparative advantages in our international trade is necessary. In this paper we study the effects of Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (H-O-S) variables on intra-industry trade of Iran and MENA region countries in 1378-1386 period. For this purpose a dynamic GMM method is applied. The results show that comparative advantages are time invariant. Furthermore among the (H-O-S) variables human capital has the least effect on intra-industry trade in Iran.

To make an assessment of the effect of macroeconomic indices on income distribution in Iran this study has used variables such as the share of sum of income tax and wealth tax in total tax revenue, the share of social security and social welfare costs in the state budget, exchange rate disorders, the growth in income per capita and unemployment rate. This study has taken use of FM-OLS method (PHLIPS & HANSEN (1990)) to determine the long-term relation among variables. The results of this study indicate that the unemployment has been greatest elements of growth of disparity within 1974-2004, while taxation, social security and social welfare policies have brought reduction in disparity in Iranian economy. However, economic growth, unemployment and exchange rate disorders have brought an increase in disparity. This study has taken use of Rolling Regression (R-R) to evaluate and assess the variations in the parameters contributing to distribution of income. The result from rolling regression indicate that the change in the policies adopted of social security, social welfare and policymaking for bringing a reduction to disparity and social welfare have considerable fluctuations, the fact that tells us about the absence of proper strategy in policymaking.

In this paper a fuzzy analytical network process model for supporting the vendor selection process in strategic situations is suggested. First, the vendor evaluation problem is putting together by use of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and a five-step hybrid process, which incorporates the technique of fuzzy analytical network process. Then the modified TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) is used to rank vendors in terms of their overall performances. The newly developed ANP will be used to compute the relative weights of the multiple evaluation criteria, which are obtained from the nominal group technique (NGT) with interdependences. To show the ability of the suggested model a case study is proposed. This case study shows how this approach can be used for the strategic vendor selection problem.

The study of the relationship between globalization and income distribution is quite controversial. The impact of globalization on income distribution in developing countries is both necessary and important. For this reason in the current article an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of globalization on the distribution of income among the D-8 countries. We used openness as an index for globalization. The Gini Coefficient was used to measure income distribution among the countries under study. A panel data approach covering the period 1995-2004 was used to estimate the impact of globalization on income distribution. The findings of this study show that trade liberalization during the period of the study has improved income distribution and lowered income inequalities among the D-8 countries.

Development of petroleum industry of Iran needs finance. Although by existence of high prices of petroleum in recent circumstances, part of these financial sources is securable from sale of petroleum; however use of foreign finance for absorption of technology and acceleration of finance programs is necessary. In recent decade, Iran has endeavored to attract part of necessary capital and adequate technology in petroleum industry by introduction of buy back contract. The object of buy back contract is equipment, technical science and provide of convenience for production in importer country. Parties of buy back agree that seller subsequently purchase the productions that have been output through this convenience and amortize own expenses. Specifications of buy back are: being contract, being irrevocable, being unconditional, being consideration, being coherency and being long time. The main issue in buy back transactions is its description of contractual nature. Buy back has similarities to legal institutions like contract of sale, contract of exchange, contract of partnership, contract of reward, contract of capital investment by sleeping partner, hire-purchase contract and contract of settlement. Buy back indeed is non of these institutions. This research surveys the nature of buy back contract in jurisprudential and legal viewpoint and assay to prove the legitimacy of this international contract in sight of Islamic dynamic jurisprudence and Iran law.

In today’s perpetually changing environment, supply chain agility is a critical element affecting organization`s competitiveness.  In order to turn supply chain into an agile supply chain, we need to first clarify the meaning of supply chain agility. Because agility is a very broad and multi-dimensional concept, it involves diverse aspects of an organization. Even though there has been considerable research on the topic of agility, in general, there is relatively little examination of agility in the supply chain context. This situation reveals the need for a supply chain agility technique.The purpose of this article is to develop a technique to measure supply chain agility, the technique introduced in this paper is a combination of graph theory and matrix method, fuzzy logic and Interactive structural modeling. The proposed technique is then applied to a case study, supply chain agility is measured and the chief obstacles to a more agile supply chain are identified.

This paper deals with the effect of applying electronic commerce on the rate of export in Iranian Oil, gas and petrochemical products exports' association.Firstly, this paper indicates The structure of electronic commerce with details based on newest references and then clarifies criteria of electronic commerce measurement based on the mentioned structure. Other effective criteria were achieved with exploratory study by interviewing with experts and investigate in real circumstance and then getting the effective questionnaire. Questionnaire data were processed by mean test and student t-test in aspect of parametric test and Friedman analysis variance test and binominal test in aspect of nonparametric test.Finally the effect of applying electronic commerce on the rate of export in Iranian Oil, gas and petrochemical products exports' association, was etimaled.

The reasons for some governmental intervention in market of some goods are to balance of supply and demand, control of price fluctuations and support of producers and consumers. The goal of this study is identification and evaluation of governmental interventions and policies in the market of dates in Iran. The survey has realized by using the quantitative analysis such as regressive methods and descriptive statistics. Results showed that execution of more interventions in the form of internal and border policies for protection of dates production have not had significant and/or desirable effect on main variables in dates market. Beside that, there are many limitations in dates production and its trade at domestic and international markets. For sake of reforming the market of dates, it’s necessary that public sector changes the current policies, overall planning, harmonizing the market forces and increasing coherence between production forces in public and private sector. And also correction of current methods at crop collection, packaging, processing, distribution at domestic and foreign markets.