Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2018 | Volume:22 | Issue:86 |Papers Count:7

The companies have to utilize available capacities in start-ups especially those active in E-commerce because of the necessity of aligning with other countries and accessing success in domestic and global markets. However, creation of investing relationship between corporate venture capital and start-ups, requires utilizing strong and correct management. The previous research and models on process VC/CVC investment partly have promoted main factors affecting the formation process of venturing and until now less attention has been paid to present a comprehensive model with whole effective aspects on core investment phenomenon, especially in the developing countries like Iran. So, this paper uses a grounded theory approach and also semi-structured interviews with 13 experts and managers in CVC/VC firms, in order to identify factors influencing on formation process SBV investment in Iran. The obtained findings of the data analysis from interviews are shown by 18 factors classified within six categories including the core phenomenon relates to formation process of SBV investment, causal conditions, contextual and intervening conditions, and consequences. The results of this study totally help active members in ecosystem to create appropriate conditions for correct measurement in VC firms at E-commerce field.

In the recent years, corruption has been introduced as an obstacle and deterrent factor against increasing trade and has slowed the economic growth. The present article is organized for answering to this key question “ Do corruption affect the bilateral export between ECO members? ” Therefor, after an historical reviewing on theoretical and experimental literature, the paper develops a theoretical model of corruption in regional trade and derives a gravity equation that relates bilateral exports to the degree of control of corruption in the importing countries as well as other factors that determine trade flows between countries. A panel data set of exports of ECO countries during 2000-2014 to the other trade partner countries together with a corruption index is utilized to estimate the gravity model. According to the results, ECO countries membership in world trade organization and increase in market size has a direct and significant relationship on the ECO countries' exports, whereas bilateral distance has a statistically significant and negative impact on value of mutual exports. Also the results indicate that an increase in the control of corruption index of the importing countries has ambiguoius effect on ECO countries' exports and the cofficient signs on the control of corruption variable is different for the countries membership, as an increase in corruption of the importing ECO countries has a positive impact on rising exports of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, whereas it decrease exports for Kazakshtan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. Also increaing in corruption of the importing countries has not had a statistically significant for exports in Iran, Pakistan and Uzbekistan.

The effect of supporter celebrity credibility on mall success will be discussed through mediator role of the brand credibility. This study is an applied research from the purpose perspective and is descriptive based on its data collection method. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's Alpha were used. In addition to completely browsing the literature and by selecting the statistical sample members using of available sample method, researchers have evaluated the research hypotheses by using of structural equation modeling (SEM) and regression methods. The sample members are selected among Almas Mall customers and clients in Tehran that identify this mall by Ali Daei. The results showed that supporter celebrities’ credibility has a significant positive effect on the mall success and credibility of malls. Brand credibility also has a positive significant effect on mall success. Finally the findings showed that brand credibility has a positive mediator role in the relationship between supporter celebrity credibility and mall success.

The country’ s upstream oil industry manufacturing sector is one of the most important sectors of the industry which is still remarkably dependent to foreign countries. There are several reasons to convince us that the production of oil industry equipments inside the country is consequential, among them; the national security reinforcement, technology transfer and improvement, endogenous growth of national economy and expansion of export markets. After all, the improvement of upstream oil equipment production industry is in accordance with Iran’ s principal policies. From studying the oil legal resources, we will find that from the beginning of concession contracts with IOC, the necessity of enforcement and applying internal workforce, and maximum supplying of oil industry equipment by related sectors inside the country, has been of high importance for oil authorities and also emphasized by lawmakers. In this survey we have used the economic and legal considerations as the frame work to study Iran’ s new oil contract known as IPC. The basis for scientific commentary on the IPC is the Government's approval on Iran's upstream oil contracts. Assessment of these contracts in the mentioned framework shows that transfer of technology within the framework of economic and legal considerations and empowering domestic manufactures to achieve economic principles have not been possible for the sake of supplying our technological needs in the industry of oil equipment production in new oil contracts and is facing with unsolvable problems. Some of the problems are: false expectations technological needs of the industry of international oil companies and ineffectiveness of IPC in the promotion of domestic manufacturers of equipment. Other required indicators such as the taken legal indicators on the basis of legal considerations is also facing problems in IPC. For example lack of comprehensive support of the governing law in the contracts of domestic production.

Reverse logistics is one of the most challenging issues in the supply chain. Proper implementation of reverse logistics in organizations increases revenue, reduces operating costs, reduces costs of faulty products and reduces environmental pollution. There are barriers in implementation of reverse logistics in organizations that these barriers challenge managers and policy makers of the industry. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the solutions of reverse logistics applying to overcome its barriers in Isfahan’ s Mobarakeh Steel Company. The study population will comprise 30 reverse logistics experts of Mobarakeh Steel Company. To collect data, while using the literature in this area, interviews with experts with carried in Mobarakeh Steel Company, and finally 51 barriers (sub criteria) were recognized in ten categories: managerial, strategic, organizational, economic, legal, technological, infrastructure, related to knowledge, related to policy and related to market and 30 reverse logistics solution for the reception was also identified in the company. Also, the questionnaire was used to compare pairs. Then, a framework based on fuzzy AHP is used to weighting barriers and fuzzy TOPSIS is used to prioritize the solutions. The results indicate that the solution to "allocate adequate financial" in the first place and then the solutions "aligned policies and processes" "and "perceive recycling products as perishable goods" ranked second and third respectively. Solution "enforce environmental legislation, regulations and directives" is in the last place.

Maintaining and developing market share is the result of the brand in highly competitive environments of Food industry. Identifying the effective factors on the performance of brand is a main subject in strategic decisions of marketing. The study was done by the using an analytical-descriptive research design and correlation type. Data were collected in the Isfahan city through a questionnaire of 35 questions from 56 managers of food industry factories. Based on the literature, a model was tested to show the impact of intangible assets on management capabilities and the impact of customer and internal marketing on market orientation over design of brand performance and using the software PLS. Based on the results of the analysis of questionnaire data, it was found that human capital, information capital has positive effect on the management capabilities and communication capital and organizational capital dose not have management capabilities. Customer and internal marketing has a positive impact on market orientation. Finally, brand management capabilities and market orientation has a positive impact on brand performance.

Providing required relief items in the condition of post-disaster is a time-consuming and complex problem because of demands uncertainty and the severity of the disaster. This paper presents a model based on auction with the aim to facilitate purchase activities and to make coordination between suppliers and relief organizations. The structure of the proposed auction includes construction and evaluation phases which are managed by the suppliers (sellers) and relief organizations (customer) respectively. In the bid construction phase, a fuzzy multi-objective non-linear mathematical programming model is presented that addresses disruption risk in both distribution centers and suppliers and uncertainty among parameters. The proposed model is solved using augmented ε-constraint method, and optimal packages of the suppliers including price, delivery time and quantity of relief items is determined. In the bid evaluation phase, in order to rank the suppliers fuzzy promethee technique was used. In this stage of the bid, each supplier will be assessed by customers regarding proposed packages and other qualitative criteria and the winner of the bid will be determined. To illustrate the validity and applicability of the proposed model, a numerical example is provided, and it has been analyzed from various aspects.