Anatomical Sciences Journal
Year:2003 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Purpose: There are a lot of experiences about using bone-like materials in order to replace bone defects, especially those which are caused by cancer therapy. The most suitable materials for this purpose are bioceramics. The investigations have been shown that bioceramics are able to induce proliferation of osteoblast as well as bone matrix synthesis in - vivo.The aim of the present study is to investigate the body response to alumina, as an engineering bioceramic material, for repairing the bone defects and to make bone prosthes. Materials and Methods: Under controlled anesthesia 20 mg/kg of alumina was implanted in several regions of subcutaneous of adult rabbit and Balb/c mice. After one and two months, respectively the skin samples were aparted, fixed, sectioned and stained using hematexylen and eosin method. Then they were observed and evaluated under light microscope.Results: The results showed no inflammatory response to aluminas and no morphologically differences on the skin surface in comparison with the control group.Conclusion: It can be concluded that this kind of bioceramic, "alumia", can be used to produce bone model and is able to replace the bone defects due to cancer therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of low power laser radiation (Ga-Al-As; 830nm) on the seminiferous epithelium of Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and the sham). The left testes of the animals were shaved, washed and marked at inferior pole. Then, they were exposed to laser light for 15 days in way that the cumulative doses used 28.05 J/cm2and 46.80J/cm2 in two experimental groups respectively.Sampling was carried out 24 hours after the last treatment. The samples were fixed in Bouins fixative and the slides were prepared for LM study. Besides evaluating the morphologic changes, the quantitative changes of the seminiferous epithelium were assessed by morphometric techniques.Results: 1. In the testes irradiated at 28.05J/cm2 the thickness, surface occupied by the epithelium, and the number of germ cells had increased. Whereas no change was observed in the morphology of the epithelium. 2. In the testes irradiated at 46.80 J/cm2, the thickness of epithelium had decreased and in most of the seminiferous tabules cleft formation and immature germ cell sloughing into the lumen of tubules was abserved. nevertheles in the lumens without germ cell releasing the proportion of the germ cells was similar to that of the sham.Conclusion: The results revealed that morphologic and morphometric changes of the seminiferous epithelim induced by Ga. AL. As laser radiation depend on the important facter that is the aplied dose; in the manner that the radiation with low doses has the stimulative effects on spermatogenesis whereas radiation with doses higher than biostimulative threshold has distructive effects on the epithelium and is followed by inhibition of spermatogenesis.

Purpose: This study is designed to determine the sex differences in brain weight and volume of left hemisphere and its gray and white matters in right-handed normal subjects and the right-handed subjects which were suffered from Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 72 normal human brains (38 male, 34 female), 11 brains suffered from Alzheimer (4 male, 7 female), and 13 brains suffered from Parkinson (9 male, 4 female). The age range between male and female in each group was similar. The brains were fixed in 4% formalin. The brainstem was removed and two hemispheres were separated by a midsagittal section. The right hemisphere was used for neuropathological diagnosis and the left one was used for morphometrical analysis. Volume estimation of left hemishere and its gray and white matters is performed on photographs of 5 mm serial coronal sections of this hemisphere by a point grid using the Cavalieri's principle. The results were analyzed by t- student, non parametrical Mann - Whitney, and Z (proportional) statistical tests.Results: In normal subjects, brain weight, volume of left hemisphere and volume of its gray and white matters were significantly smaller in female. The proportion of gray matter volume to left hemisphere volume did not have significant difference between two genders in normal subjects. None of parameters had significant sex difference in subjects which were suffered from Alzheimer disease. In subjects suffered from Parkinson disease, the brain weight and the volume of gray matter in left hemisphere were significantly smaller in female, but other parameters did not have any significant difference between two genders.Conclusion: It is concluded that brain weight and the volume of left hemisphere its gray and white matters are greater in male than female, although the functional importance of these differences is unclear. On the other hand, neurodegenerrative diseases decrease the normal gender differences in brain, which can be due to more degeneration in male than female.

Purpose: To determine the effects of different doses of addition of exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) on development of pre-implantation mouse embryo.Materials and Methods: Mouse zygotes, two cell, 8 cell any morulae were collected from superovulated NMRI mice 24, 48, 64 and 80 hrs after hCG injection, respectively. The obtained embryos were cultured on medium alone, medium with 1, 4 and 10 ng/ml of EGF and recorded daily for 96 hrs. The blastulation and hatching rates of every group were compared statistically using Chi-square Test.Results: The results showed that exogenous EGF could not help zygotes to overcome on developmental block. Also, the cleavage rate to two cell stage of treated zygotes were lower than non-treated zygotes. The hatching rates of two cell embryos treated with different doses of EGF and non-treated were almost identical. The hatching rates of eight cell and morula embryos treated with 10 ng/ml of EGF were significantly higher than other doses and control embryos.Conclusion: Exogenous EGF can improve pre-implantation embryo development after eight cell stage but it can not affect the development of the stages before eight cell.

The Axillary artery, a continuation of the subclavian artery, begins at the first rib's outer border, ending normally at the inferior border of the Teres major muscle and continuing further distally as Brachial artery.The Axillary artery has several branches that supplies axillary region. Several variations about the axillary artery and it's branches have been reported. In this case, from the second part of axillary artery, we found a common trunk between Lateral thoracic and Subscapular arteries. Other branches of subscapular also has been separated from this trunk.

Purpose: The seminal vesicles are androgen dependent exocrine glands producing protein-rich secretion. The retinoic acid has been implicated as a signaling molecule for the seminal vesicle development. In the present study, the effect of retinoic acid on seminal vesicle epithelial cell of neonatal mouse was investigated.Materials and Methods: Newborn male N-MRI mice were injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg all-trans retinoic acid was dissolved in 2.5% DMSO on the day of birth. Animals were sacrificd at 60 days of age and the seminal vesicles were removed. The epithelial cell's morphology including the ultrastructure were assessed by electronic microscope. For electronic microscopic studies, small peices of seminal vesicle were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxid, dehydrated and embedded in araldite. Ultrathin sections were prepared and strained in staind with uranyl acetate and lead citrat, then were examined under TEM.Results: The results, showed that statically significant difference in the seminal vesicle weight than the control group. The height of the epithelial cells in experimental group were increased. The ultrastructure changes such as increase in the number and size of apical secretory vesicles, abundance of rough endoplasmic reticalum and an increase in the size of golgi complex were observed.Conclusion: The retionic acid adminstration in newborns may stimulates the mouse seminal vesicle epithelial cell differentiation.

Purpose: Increasing use of electromagnetic waves in living medium, industry, communication and medicine, strongly requires multiporposal evaluation of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF), with different frequencies, on body tissues and organs.Contrauersal reports on detrimental effects of EMF on biological systems influenced us to carry out this study.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effects of uniform EMF on biologic systems, we devised a calibrated EMF unit (50-60Hz, adjustable in 15 range which could produce upto 150 G EMF). Six pairs of pregnant rats were exposed to 120 G uniform electromagnetic field (50-60Hz), for determining the effects of EMF on development of emberyonic cerebral. They were daily exposed to EMF during pregnancy and 2 month after birth for 8 hours. Then prepared histologic specimens of rats cevebral were studied by light microscop.Results: Histological studies showed that in experimental group in comparison with control group the size of cells and their nuclei were decreased, while matter in cerebrum were vacualized and Ependymal cell increased. Conclusion: The above data offers that the effect of EMF on man should be taken into consideration.

Purpose: Plastination is a unique technique of tissue preservation developed by Dr Gunther von hagnes in Hidelberg, Germany in 1978. In this process water and lipids are replaced by curable polymers (silicon, polyester, epoxy) which are subsequently hardened, resulting in dry, odorless and durable specimens. The aim of this study was to prepare plastinated specimen of upper and lower limbs by injecting colored polymer into the arteries.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a human body after fixation of the cadaver. The colored polymer was prepared by mixing red colored paste with polyester and the cobalt (accelerator) and peroxid (hardening) was added. The prepared colored material was injected into the body through femoral artery by the nasso-gastric catheter and the hydrayulic pump device. After few day the colored material dried up. Dissection, dehydration, defatization and impregnation of the body was carried out. Finally the prepared plastinated specimen was compared with the standard plastinated model.Results: The plastinated specimen obtained was compared with the standard model of Heidelberg, Germany for its stature, flexibility and traction by the universal test DARTC (England) apparatus in the medical physics department of isfahan school of medicine. The result obtained was found to show that the P-value was 0.21 and the standard error was 0.0416.Conclusion: According to this study, the P value was greater than 0.05, which shows no significant difference statistically. The plastinated specimen prepared by injecting colored polymer into the arteries, provided an excellent opportunity to demonstrate and study the dissected areas of the difficult structures which can be of great benefit in teaching gross anatomy and neureo-anatomy. In addition because of the durability, safety, reduction intoxic and naxious fumes of formalin, plastinated specimens can uniqe materials as a teaching aid by the side of Wet specimens.