Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2008 | Volume:15 | Issue:2 (48)|Papers Count:10

Background and purpose: Researchers have Recently Recommended high-fiber and low glycemic-index foods for glycemic control in diabetics and reduction of Lipid Profiles. This Study intended to investigate the effect of baked lentils (as a highly consumed and low glycemic index) on FBS and Lipid Profiles in type II diabetics.Methods and materials: This cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 30 type II diabetic patients of 45-60 years (divided randomly into two groups of 15) with FBS of 126-180 mg/dl. The control group was given the usual diet but the experimental group received 50gr baked lentild 6gr canola oil instead of (30gr) bread and 20 gr cheese (in the form of an isocaloric breakfast with similar amounts of macronutrients). For 6 weeks after a 3- week rest subjects in the two groups were interchanged. Diets were switched between the two groups and continued for another 6-week Period. At the beginning and end of each phase of the study biochemical and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Calculations of dietary components were done using Food Processor II and the data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS.Results: Fasting blood glucose of the patients decreased significantly from 152.6±11.4 mg/dl to 148.4±11.8 mg/dl (p<0.05). Except for total cholesterol, other lipid profiles were not affected by the treatment but Total cholesterol reduced significantly from 228.07±14.7 mg/dl to 222.4±12.6 mg/dl (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the concentration of other lipid profiles (including LDL-C, HDL-C and serum triglyceride) and serum fructozamine.Conclusion: Consumption of baked lentils as a low glycemicindex breakfast can reduce levels of serum glucose and total glucose, and improve the glycemic control of type II diabetics.

Background and Purpose: Liver is one of the vital organs which have a key role in regulating most physiologic mechanisms and any disorder in hepatic function can cause a series of physiologic and anatomical disorders and still other diseases. Since Mentha pulegium has been used extensively in traditional medicine the aim of the present investigation is to study of the effects of the Hudro-Alcoholic Extract of the Mentha Pulegium Leaves on hepatic functions.Methods and Materials: In this experimental study 50 Wistar male rats (about 220-230g) were used in five groups of tens including: control group receiving nothing sham group receiving distilled water and 3 experimental groups receiving 400, 800 and 1600 (mg/kg) of the Hydro-Alcohol Extract of Mentha Pulegium Leaves respectively. The obtained data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS and Microsoft Excel.Results: According to the results there is a significant reduction in the level of ALT AST in experimental groups. In addition the level of ALP showed a significant increase. Regarding albumin and total protein there has been a decline in the experimental groups receiving the highest dose of the extract and a signifilant reduction in the total body weight in proportion to the increased dosage of the extract.Conclusion: The Hydro-Alcoholic extract of mentha pulegium leaves probably has a significant effect on hepatic function. This effect may be due to the presence of Flavonoids (Hesperidin diosmine) antioxidant tannin and pulegone in the extract. This effect is reflected in the reduction of ALT AST and the increase in ALP. Also it can be attributed to the decrease in the hepatic serum level of the albumin and total protein.

Background and purpose: Food ingestion during hemodialysis may aggravate early side effects of hemodialysis due to hemodynamic changes. Therefore this study was carried out to investigate the effect of food and non-food ingestion during hemodialysis on its early symptoms.Methods and materials: This clinical trial was conducted on the research population of ESRD Patients; 31 cases were selected through convenient and purposeful sampling. They were NPO during hemodialysis first and received one meal (containing 325 Kcal) one hour after the second hemodialysis started. Their blood pressure intensity of nausea and vomiting immediately before and after hemodialysis and every 30 minutes during hemodialysis were measured and recorded. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using paired and independent t-test Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients Wilcoxon and McNemar tests.Results: Blood pressure reduced 6.1±4.1 mmHg 60 minutes after hemodialysis started but in non-food hemodialysis the reduction was 1067±2.57 mmHg and the difference was significant. Also nausea intensity after food ingestion increase in 11 patients (35.5%) but it increased in 5 cases (16.1%) after non- food hemodialysis and the difference was significant. Vomiting intensity after food ingestion increased in 8 cases (25.8%) and in 1 patient (302%) upon non-food hemodialysis the difference of which was significant.Conclusion: Food ingestion during hemodialysis causes a decline in blood pressure and increases the intensity of nausea and vomiting. Therefore food ingestion during hemodialysis should be avoided.

Background and purpose: Sympatho-excitatory neurons which originate from Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla (RVLM) and project to spinal cord are necessary for the maintenance of resting sympathetic tone and integration of cardiovascular reflexes. Also it is known that catecholamines substance P and somatostatin are involved in blood pressure modulation in the brain stem. The aim of this study was answering to the question: Is somatostatin 2A receptor (SST2A) expressed in medullary C1 neurons which have preprotachykinin A (PPT-A) mRNA and are projected to spinal cord?Methods and materials: This study was done on 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats. We used a complex of techniques such as retrograde labeling of spinally projecting neurons by injection of Cholera Toxin Beta (CTB) unit In situ Hybridization (ISH) and Immunohistochemistry to identify PPT-A mRNA and SST2A receptor expression in C1 neurons of RVLM. For data deh1ion mean ± SEM as well as percentage were used.Results: Most spinally projecting neurons in RVLM (CTB+) are C1 neurons i.e. they have Tyrosin Hydroxylase enzyme (TH+). These neurons contain PPT-A mRNA or SST2A receptors but no neurons were observed with the expression of both PPT-A mRNA and SST2A receptor.Conclusion: It seems that medulla C1 neurons which project to spinal cord and express PPT-A mRNA or SST2A receptor are two separate neuron types. They may have different modulatory effects on cardiovascular reflexes.

Background and purpose: Researchers have Recently Recommended high-fiber and low glycemic-index foods for glycemic control in diabetics and reduction of Lipid Profiles. This Study intended to investigate the effect of baked lentils (as a highly consumed and low glycemic index) on FBS and Lipid Profiles in type II diabetics.Methods and materials: This cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 30 type II diabetic patients of 45-60 years (divided randomly into two groups of 15) with FBS of 126-180 mg/dl. The control group was given the usual diet but the experimental group received 50gr baked lentild 6gr canola oil instead of (30gr) bread and 20 gr cheese (in the form of an isocaloric breakfast with similar amounts of macronutrients). For 6 weeks after a 3- week rest subjects in the two groups were interchanged. Diets were switched between the two groups and continued for another 6-week Period. At the beginning and end of each phase of the study biochemical and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Calculations of dietary components were done using Food Processor II and the data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS.Results: Fasting blood glucose of the patients decreased significantly from 152.6±11.4 mg/dl to 148.4±11.8 mg/dl (p<0.05). Except for total cholesterol, other lipid profiles were not affected by the treatment but Total cholesterol reduced significantly from 228.07±14.7 mg/dl to 222.4±12.6 mg/dl (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the concentration of other lipid profiles (including LDL-C, HDL-C and serum triglyceride) and serum fructozamine.Conclusion: Consumption of baked lentils as a low glycemicindex breakfast can reduce levels of serum glucose and total glucose, and improve the glycemic control of type II diabetics.

Background and purpose: Mental health of mothers during pregnancy has considerable effects on fetal growth and consequently on baby's future health. Therefore using various methods to enhance the mental health of mothers will have an important role in minimizing baby's and mother's problems. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of training maternal-fetal attachment on mother's mental health Methods and materials: This interventional study was conducted on 83 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling from among the population of pregnant women admitted to health centers and were divided randomly into case and control groups. Data collection instruments included interview checklist MFAS GHQ- 28. Cases received training on maternal-Fetal attachment behavior but controls received only the routine pregnancy care. Scores of mental health and maternal-Fetal attachment before and after training were compared across the two groups. Chi- squre Fisher's exact test Mann Whitney U and t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that differences in the mean score of mental health before training across the two groups were not statistically significant (p=0.51). However the difference came up to be significant after training (p<0.001). Also, differences in the mean score of maternal-Fetal attachment behavior after training were significant across the two groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated that training mothers on maternal-Fetal attachment behavior can enhance mother's mental-health and their attachment with the fetus.

Background and purpose: Preeclampsia is one of the hypertensive diseases of pregnancy with extraordinary significance in maternal and fetal health which is the most important maternal mortality cause in developing couutries (20% to 80%). Ethnicity is also one of the factors in preclampsia. Therefore due to the high prevalence of preeclampsia in Dezyani Center in Gorgan Iran (5.7%) and co-existence of various ethnic residents the present study was designed to determine the effect of ethnicity on the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods and materials: This case-control study involued the population of pregnant women admitted in Dezyani center Iran. Cases and controls were homogeneous as far as employment marital status spouse's job residential location gravidity and maternal age were concerred. Cases with preeclampsia symptoms were purposively selected. In total 500 subjects (250 cases and 250 controls) participated in the study. Questionnaires were filled out via interview and checklists were completed on the basis of laboratory tests of blood and urine. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi-square t-test and Mann Whitney U test.Results: In cases of urinary infection probability of preeclampsia increased 1.77 times (CI=95% odds ratio=1.77) which did not relate to cases' ethnicity. However if urinary infection is excluded preeclampsia can be related to ethnicity.Conclusion: The results indicated that Turkmen and Sistani ethnic groups were predisposed to preeclampsia.

arthroconidia under invivo conditions and these seem to have an important role in pathogenecity. Arthroconidia formation is a characteristic of dermatophyte infection of skin hair and nail. The present study is intended to study the effects of environmental factors and conventional antifungal drugs on the production of this pathogenic agent in some dermatophytes.Methods and materials: This is a deh1ive analytical study involving the research population of patients with dermatophytosis admitted to Razi hospital in Tehran Iran during 2006-2007. Fifty patients were selected through convenient sampling and were include in the study after direct microscopic examination confirmed the disease. In the present study the environmental factors including the media (SDA SDA+NaCl 1% 3% and 5% Trichophyton agar no.1 and SDB) temperature PH CO2 and the conventional antifungal drugs (Geriseofulvin Clotrimazole Itraconazole Terbinafin and Betametasone) were observed for their effects on arthroconidia production in Trichophyton Verucosum Trichophyton riolaseum Epidermophyton floccosum Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes. The obtained data were analyzed using Chi- Square and student t-test.Results: The highest production rate of arthroconidia occurred in SDA with PH (7.5) CO2 pressure 10% and temperature of 37oC after 10 days. No growth was observed at the temperature of 42oC and in a media of NaCl 3% or higher. Geriseofulvin Clotrimazole and Betametazone stimulated arthroconidia production but Itraconazole and particularly Terbinafin stopped and controlled its production.Conclusion: The results of this study emphasized the importance of arthroconidia production and its being influenced by environmental factors such as PH CO2 pressure and media in dermatophytes.

Background and purpose: Research findings suggest a day-to-day increase in the rate of suicide particularly among the youth. Recognizing the risk factors and taking measures to control them seem essential and this study was conducted to this purpose among patients admitted to Sabzevar Hospital who attempted to commit suicide.Methods and materials: The study is a deh1ive study and the study population was cases of suicide at Vase'ee Emergency clinic in Sabzevar Iran from which 106 cases were selected through convenient non-probability sampling. Clinical interviews were done by a psychiatrist; interviews were conducted with other family members of the cases in order to shape a clear picture of cases' personal social and economic characteristics. Throughout the interviews a checklist of intended variables was filled out. The study data were analyzed using Chi-square in SPSS.Results: In the present study, 106 cases (49.1% male and 50.9% female) with a mean age of 24.8±8.4 years were studied. The prevalence of suicide risk factors were 63.2% singleness, mental disorders (41.5%) with depression being the most prevalent (28.3%), conjugal conflicts (15%), drug-dependence (14.2%), family problems (12.3%), physical disorders (8.5%), unemployment(6.6%), stressful events such as loss of a close relative (6.86%), educational problems (3.8%) and divorce (2.8%).Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study the risk factors contributing to suicide in Sabzevar Iran may include adolescence and beginning of adulthood mental disorders conjugal conflicts family problems unemployment educational failure marital disagreement having lost a close kinsman and disappointment.