Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2004 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 (31)|Papers Count:11

Planning for the provision of essential mental health requires our knowledge of the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. This study was carried out to assess the epidemiological status of psychiatric disorders in subjects of 18 years old from urban and rural aeas of Khorasan Province. 2301 subjects were sampled through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods. Questionnaires of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) were completed by clinical psychologists. Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The findings indicated the prevalence of psychiatric disorders to be 16.43% with 10.70% and 22.05% in men and women respectively. The most prevalent disorders were anxiety (7.12%) and mood disorders (4.43%). The prevalence of psychotic disorders was 0.47%; neurocognitive disorders 3.60% and dissociative disorders 0.78%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression (2.26%) and in the anxiety group, obssessive compulsive disorder (1.91%) were of highest prevalence. Also, it was revealed that 10.56% of the subjects suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder. In the age group of 66 years and older, the prevalence was 11.76%. It was 19.44% in subjects whose spouses had passed away; 12.90% in residents of the center of the province; 15.64% in the illiterate and 21.08% in unemployed subjects. Therefore, our findings shed light on the responsibility of health policy-makers and planners in preparing applied plans of mental health in Khorasan Province.

PDA ligation is one of the most common cardiac procedures performed on pediatric patients. There has been a tendency to do this operation using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) since 1990s. Since June 1996 to April 2003, VATS technique for PDA closure has been carried out in 650 patients at Mashhad university of medical sciences which is the referral center for this procedure in Iran. A prospective study was performed on anestJ1etic management and complications. The mean age and weight of patients were 6.5 years and 12.5 kg respectively and the average anesthetic time was 25 + 5 minutes. In addition to Conventional drugs, we used two newly introduced drugs (Remifentanil and cisatracurium) for GA. Two techniques of one long ventilation and deliberate hypotension were used for all patients. All patients were under complete anesthetic monitoring. Complications related to anesthesia and surgery were Transient Post-Op hypertension (1.4%), dysphonia (0.7%), lung collapse (0.3%) and chylothorax (1.7%). It was concluded from this experience that VATS technique for PDA closure is simple, rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective but in regards with anesthesia it is associated with maximum vigilance and monitoring.

Infant birth is one of the splendid and holy moments of creation but maternal anxiety and pain lead to changes in vital signs and uncontrollable behaviors. At Shahrivar 17 Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, this clinical trial was carried out with 62 primigravidas assigned into control and experimental groups through random allocation. The subjects were healthy primigravidas with full-term pregnancy, single fetus, spontaneous onset of labor, cervical dilation of 3 cm, intact membranes, contractions with 5-10 minutes interval and 20-30 seconds duration. The experimental group received continuous midwifery support by the researcher using Checklist from admission through the second stage. On the contrary, the control group received only the routine care. Their behavioral responses (such at crying, shouting, and scratching) were observed and recorded hour by hour and their physiologic responses (including systolic and diastolic BP, breathing and pulse rate and temperature) were recorded every two hours up to the end of the second stage. The findings revealed that the severity of behavioral responses, at all times, was lower in the experimental groups so that the differences were significant in the first hour (p=0.004), second hour (p=0.002), third hour (p=0.016) and second stage (p=0.002). As for the physiologic responses, the experimental group showed higher mean of diastolic BP in the second (p<0.000l) and fourth hours (p<0.000l); lower mean of systolic BP in second (p<0.000l) and fourth hours (p<0.000l); lower breathing rate in second and fourth hours (p<0.000l) as well as lower temperature mean in second hour (p<0.000l) which were all significant. Findings support the idea that continuous midwifery support in labor can help alleviate behavioral and physiologic responses to labor pain.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection is now considered to be a I chronic disease; doctors will be visiting couples with HIV in either or both, referring for preconception. counseling. Therefore, the ethical and legal implications are complex to decide. All couples infected with HIV, fertile or infertile, want to have genetically related offspring and are referred for preconccptional counseling and testing. Determination of wether to offer treatment should be based on the same criteria applied to couples who arc affected by other chronic diseases. In general, either or both of the partners infected with HIV, medical treatment should be carried out aggressively with antiretrovirals. If applicable, their serum and semen are required to be tested to document undetectable concentrations of human immunodeficiency virus.

Postpartum bleeding is one the major causes of maternal death. Long duration of vaginal bleeding results in morbidity if not mortality. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, duration of postpartum bleeding was assessed and 243 women, referring for postpartum followups at Shahed University clinics, participated in the study. Relevant data were collected through a questionnaire including demographic in formation to be filled in by patients and observational data to be obtained by the gynecolosist co-researcher. The subject’s mean age was 25.8 and range parity was three. 57.7% had cesarean and 42.2% had vaginal delivery. Mean lcucia duration was 27.7 days for both vaginal and abdominal delivery (9.1 days in lubra, 20.8 days in seroza and 38.9 days in alba plase). In general, no significant relationship was found between parity, extraction of placenta, gestational age and duration of leucia. In those with vaginal delivery, leucia phase was shorter. Those with history of fever and infection, longer leucia phase was experienced; lactation also shortens. Significant relationship was found between maternal age and extra manipulation for placental removal with duration of leucia.

Happiness camprises at least at three components: emotional, social and cognitive. The emotional aspect produces positive expression; the social brings about expanded positive relationships with others and the cognitive component creates a thinking which optimistically interprets daily events. Due to’ limited research done an this issue and its importance far the physical and mental health of university students, this study was. carried to include 303 subjects selected from among the students of the faculty of management and medical information sciences at Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Oxford Happiness questionnaire, which includes 29 multiple-choice items made from the inverted farms of Beck test by Argyle and Lu in 1989, was used for data collection. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. 26% were male and the rest female. Their happiness scale was 42±14 which indicated no significant difference with that at students in developed countries. No significant correlation was found between students" happiness and variables such as age, sex, major, educational period and area of residence. However, a positively significant correlation was found between students’ happiness and their interest in their major; and their hopefulness to occupational future. Therefore, introducing university majors prior to the students’ admission, education in one of the favorite majors and giving hope to students that university provides them with an opportunity in achieving occupational accomplishments can influence their happiness.

This correlational descriptive study was conducted in 2002-2003 in Mashhad to study the relationship of hope and self-esteem in renal transplant recipients. 80 clients were sampled and relevant data were collected through sample selection forms, questionnaires of demographic data, the Herth hope. index and Cooper Smith’s self-esteem inventory. Content validity was utilized to validate instrument and test-retest method was applied to determine the reliability of Herth’s index; Cooper Smith’s inventory was already validated. According to our findings, 45% experienced a low level of hope and a significant positive correlation was found between hope and selfes-teem (p=0.0001, r=0.84). Among the variables we studied, religious beliefs were found to be positively and significantly correlating with hope but other variables showed no such correlation. Therefore, as renal transplant recipients had low levels of hope, enhancing their self-esteem and strengthening their religious beliefs will help them obtain higher levels of hope.

Menopause is an important, transitional period in women. It is associated with numerous complications such as osteoporosis, flushing and irritability. Undesirable diet, mental stress, lack of exercise and inadequate Calcium intake can give rise to these symptoms. This study was conducted in Sabzevar to study the daily diet and physical activities of 350 menopausal women in 1998. Interview and observation checklists were used for data collection. Results indicated that 61.4% exercised morning walks; 82% obtained sunlight and 13.7% took calcium pills. In their diets, there was milk or dairy products.

Psychological disorders and lack of mental health are among the main problems of the contemporary world. Theories of self consider self-respect as the most appropriate concept in the etiology of emotional and mental disorders. The self is considered in two aspects: real and ideal. Comparing these two aspects will render an index of self-respect. As most current students of nursing and midwifery have not chosen their major on the basis of an inner drive and they have not been first-choice in Konkoor, their self-respect and educational progress are therefore affected. In this correlational descriptive study, a two-variable, two group design was adopted. All current students of nursing and midwifery (n=347) were selected for study. Relevant data were obtained through subject-selection forms including exclusion criteria, demographic characteristics, personal trait’s and achievement scores, as well as Roger’s assessment checklist of real and ideal self including 25 pairs of opposite attributes which were marked from 1 to 7. The findings revealed no significant difference between mean real and ideal selves in the subjects (p=0.33). In students of nursing, scores obtained in real and ideal selves negatively- but significantly correlated with practical scores (p=0.016, r=0.8). However, the mean difference of the two selves showed no correlation with mean scores, average and mean diploma scores. As inappropriate self-esteem leads to undesirable educational progress, students of nursing and midwifery demand ample emotional consideration and attention upon admission and throughout educational period.