Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2010 | Volume:12 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Background: Tuberculosis is a great health issue in developing countries. Drug resistance is one of the principal problems in treating TB patients. In this review article we tried to demonstrate the prevalence of Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR), Extensively Drug Resistance (XDR) and Totally Drug Resistance (TDR) in tuberculosis patients in Iran.Materials and Method: We used PUBMED, Scopus and scientific Iranian journals from the year 1970 to February 2010 for extracting data. Key words such as tuberculosis, drug resistance and Iran were used.Results: There were several articles in this context but only articles in which Multiple Drug Resistance, Extensively Drug Resistance and Totally Drug Resistance tuberculosis were used were studied. The prevalence of MDR in several provinces of Iran was 0.5 to 27.9%. In Massih Daneshvari Hospital the prevalence of MDR and XDR were 5.4 and 10.6%, respectively.Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that the rate of MDR is increasing in Iran. The appearance of XDR and TDR are serious threats in the control and treatment of tuberculosis.

Background: Constipation and voiding dysfunction are common in children. The purpose of present study is to evaluate resolution of voiding dysfunction before and after treatment of constipation.Materials and Method: Forty-eight children (1.5-11years) with evidence of voiding dysfunction and chronic constipation were evaluated in year 1387- 1388. Patients treated for constipation for 3 months.Voiding dysfunctional score based on DVSS before and three months after treatment were compared. Girls with score > 6 and boys with score of 9 were included.Results: 35.4% and 65.4% of subjects were boys and girls, respectively. Median score of voiding dysfunction revealed significant differences before and after treatment (p=0.001). Comparison of scores in both sexes and ages were not significant, (p=0.4, 0.9, respectively). After treatment, enuresis and encoprosis as well as frequency in defecation showed significant improvement among girls and boys, (p=0.003 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: results of this study showed that treatment of constipation may be effective in improvement of voiding dysfunction in children. More studies recommend in this regard.

Background: Constipation and voiding dysfunction are common in children. The purpose of present study is to evaluate resolution of voiding dysfunction before and after treatment of constipation.Materials and Method: Forty-eight children (1.5-11years) with evidence of voiding dysfunction and chronic constipation were evaluated in year 1387- 1388. Patients treated for constipation for 3 months.Voiding dysfunctional score based on DVSS before and three months after treatment were compared. Girls with score > 6 and boys with score of 9 were included.Results: 35.4% and 65.4% of subjects were boys and girls, respectively. Median score of voiding dysfunction revealed significant differences before and after treatment (p=0.001). Comparison of scores in both sexes and ages were not significant, (p=0.4, 0.9, respectively). After treatment, enuresis and encoprosis as well as frequency in defecation showed significant improvement among girls and boys, (p=0.003 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: results of this study showed that treatment of constipation may be effective in improvement of voiding dysfunction in children. More studies recommend in this regard.

Background: Hearing loss is a common disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide with opproximately 1 in 1000 newborns. A novel gene, DFNB59 encods Pejvakin has been recently shown to cause neural deafness. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations in 93 deaf pupils in Sistan & Baluchestan province.Materials and Method: We investigated the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations in the coding regions (exons 2-7) of the gene. DNA was extracted following the standard phenol chloroform procedure, the frequency of DFNB59 gene mutations was investigated using PCR-SSCP /HA strategy.Results: No pathogenic variant was detected in samples studied. However, one polymorphism including 793C>G was determined in 3 of 93 (3.2%) subject examined.Conclusion: The results of this study showed no association between DFNB59 gene mutations and hearing loss in Sistan va Baluchestan province.

Background: Spiritual wellbeing is one of the fundamental concepts in chronic disease in which creating meaning and purpose in life is considered as an important approach in promoting general health and quality of life. This study was aimed to explore the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and the quality of life among the patients of Iranian society of MS.Materials and Method: This descriptive study on 236 patients between 20-57 years, member of the Iran's MS Society. Samples were selected in year 2008. Information through spiritual health and quality of life questionnaires were collected. Data analysis by independent t-test and Pearson correlation was performed. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.Result: Spiritual wellbeing score was average among selected patients (97.9%). There was a significant relationship between religious aspect of spiritual wellbeing and psychological aspect of quality of life and there was a significant relationship between spiritual existential aspect of well-being and the both physical and moral aspects of quality of life (p=0.04 and p£0.0001 respectively).Conclusion: The results may intensify the necessity of strengthening of the spiritual health as a factor affecting quality of life in those patients. The key point in a country like Iran with intellectual, cultural and religious beliefs could be useful and necessary in designing care-therapies programs for such patients.

Background: Undoubtedly, diabetes and its complications is one of the greatest diseases in worldwide with considerable concern for medical knowledge. There are different kinds of psychological treatments which may reduce the signs and symptoms of diabetic complications. Majority of researches indicated that consulting, music therapy and relaxation play significant and effective role on diabetes.Materials and Method: In this semi-experimental study 75 patients with diabetes type 2, according to subjects’ characters, were invited to participate in the study. They were divided into the intervention and control group randomly. The intervention group was stratified into 6 groups with 5 patients in each group. The intervention programs were carried through 10 sessions of music and relaxation therapy (consist of imagery, progressive muscle and breathing relaxation) and home practice for three months. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were measured before and after of study. All patients also filled out the questionnaire related to biography and some diabetes risk factors before and after the study.Results: A total of 73 patients (intervention group=28 and control group=45) completed the 3-month study period. The result showed that there were significant difference between FBS (p=0.03), systolic (p=0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0001) in intervention group compared to control group.Conclusion: we suggest that combined relaxation and music therapy is a feasible and effective treatment on diabetes. Therefore, adding relaxation and music therapy to other treatments such as physical activity and diet, in people with type 2 diabetes, may help them to control and mange their diabetes.

Background: Patients with thalassemia major needs more dental care due to their medically compromised condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental health and dental treatment needs of these patients at Zahedan university school of Dentistry in 2009.Materials and Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 75 patients with thalassemia major were selected in which 42 boys and 33 girls with mean age of 10.79±6.2 referred to community dentistry center as the case group and 75 patients' relatives referred to Zahedan school of Dentistry as the control group. Two groups matched for age and sex. The studied variables were patient's educational level and their parents, dental caries and treatment needs. Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-squared test and t-test.Results: Thalassemic patient had increased average dental caries and missing (d=2.24, m=0.13, D=2.49, M=0.52) than the control group (d=2.13, m=0.05, D=0.97, M=0.35). Pulp therapy was the most needed treatment in patient group and in the other group filling dental caries was needed more.Conclusion: According to the high incidence of dental caries in patient with thalassemic major, effective preventive measures, health education and dental treatment are needed for this group.

Background: Transient bacteremia in dentistry is discussed as an important causative factor in bacterial endocarditis. The aim of this study was evaluate the knowledge of importance of dental caries prevention in parents whose children had heart disease.Materials and Method: In this descriptive cross sectional study a simple consecutive sampling was used and 320 parents (125 fathers, 195 mothers) referred to the heart clinics of Zahedan were evaluated by a questionnaire. Questions were about the demographic information and their knowledge about oral health and it's relation to heart diseases. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results: The results showed that the mean of their knowledge was 21.3±10.1 of 100. The father's knowledge (24.4±8.7) was higher compared to the mothers (19.23±10.3). The knowledge rural families were more than the urban families (22.5±9.8 and 14.51±9.1 respectively).Conclusion: Our findings showed limited knowledge of the parents about the interactions between oral hygiene and the risk bacterial endocarditis.

Background: Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the hair follicle. Clinically, patients with alopecia areata may have patchy or confluent hair loss on the scalp or body so we conduct a study to compare the demographic aspects of patient with limited and diffuse type of alopecia areata.Materials and Method: We conducted a descriptive-analyzing study in which 306 patient were chosen. The patients were divided into two groups of diffuse and limited Alopecia. Demographic factors including age, gender, and disease onset were compared in two groups.Results: Out of 306 patients, 58.8 % were male and 41.2 % were female. 247 patients (80.7%) suffered from limited type and 59 patients (19.2%) suffered from diffuse type. The mean age of the onset of involvement in limited group was 21.9±12 yr and 15.8±12 yr in diffuse group. The mean duration of involvement in limited group was 18.7 months and 71 months in diffuse group.Conclusion: Diffuse type alopecia areata starts at lower age and has longer duration. Our study results were similar to the others. Like other studies, thyroid disorders and atopic dermatitis are positively correlative to the severity of disease.