THE IRANIAN ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING REVIEW
Year:2017 | Volume:24 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:10

Gender diversity leads to increased communication and taking into account the diverse perspectives and effectiveness of the board and audit committee. A high level of women's responsibility and their better attendance at meetings than mens improves the behavior and effectiveness of the sessions. According to the studies, the presence of women's representative in the Audit Committee could help to improve effectiveness and regulatory activities, and subsequently modify audit fees. For this purpose, this study examines the impact of the presence of at least one female representative on the Audit Committee's audit pricing right. For this experimental study, a sample of 136 participants (544 observations) listed on the TSE during the years 2012 to 2016 and their data was analized using regression analysis with panel data approach. The results show that the presence of at least one female member of Audit Committee may reduce audit fees. This finding is consistent with supply side perspective.

With the purpose of identifying and analyzing problems and realities around auditing language, 'properly drawn up' phrase has been studied in this research through grounded theory methodology. This study has been implemented via in-depth interviews with experts and partners of audit firms and based on snowball method after 15 interviews has been saturated. Findings illustrate that the most important problem about 'properly drawn up' phrase, is inconsistency between content of the word 'properly' and the nature of auditing. Furthermore, lack of definition as a characteristic of 'properly drawn up' phrase has been revealed in this research, that according to auditor's point of view this reality doesn’ t have any unfavorable outcomes and consequently doesn’ t need any solutions. Expectation gap problem is also product of the mixture of this reality and the inconsistency problem. At last, 2 persons of academic experts with practical experience in auditing profession have approved these results.

Social trust is considered as a socio-economic factor that influences organizational or individual behaviors. As such, CEOs with high social trust behave more honestly and are less likely to hide bad news, which lead to reducing corporate stock price crash risk. Given this argument, the present study is concerned with examining the association between social trust and stock price crash risk as well as exploring the moderating effect of external monitoring on this relation. To do so, negative skewness of stock return and down-to-up volatility are used to measure stock price crash risk, institutional investor's ownership percentage is used as a proxy for external monitoring, whereas Saffarinia and Sharif’ s (2010) questionnaire is employed to measure social trust. Using multivariate regression model, the findings of the research indicate that social trust mitigates corporate stock price risk. Regarding the predictions of substitution theory, moreover, external monitoring weakens the negative association between social trust and corporate stock crash risk.

Business environment at now provides basis for application and integration stakeholder theory with agency theory in managerial and financial strategies. In this regard, balance creation between the interests of all stakeholders is important. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of stakeholder management on dividends and firm value in consistent with the analysis of agency theory and stakeholder theory. To determine stakeholder management, cash flows paid to each of the stakeholders are used as the basis. For this purpose, a sample of 220 companies listed in the TSE is selected from 2010 to the 2015. Data has been examined using regression analysis. Research evidence shows a significant positive relationship between stakeholder management and dividends, also negative relationship between stakeholders management and market value of the firm. These results suggest that stakeholder management is also done in the interests of shareholders.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on the cost stickiness of listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, by reviewing cost stickiness theory, a complex pattern of asymmetric behavior of costs is rendered with emphasis on the role of the intellectual capital introduced by Pulic (2000). The research period is related to the span of 2005-2015. The statistical sample consists of 111 companies (1110 year-firm) listed on the TSE. The independent variable of this study includes intellectual capital and its’ components. The dependent variable encompasses selling, general and administrative costs. The intensity of staff, assets, reduction in revenue, and growth of the domestic production are considered as control variables. Panel data andmultiple linear regression analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. Data was analyzed by using panel data method. The results indicate a significant relationship and a pattern of the anti-stickiness between the intellectual capital and selling, general and administrative costs, for the components of the intellectual capital, a significant an anti-cost-stickness behavior persist, and the most effective component among the intellectual capital is related to the structural capital. Furthermore, the level of anti-cost-stickness in companies with a high intellectual capital is higher. The most significant effect among the components of the intellectual capital is related to the firms which maintain the higher coefficient of the efficiency in the human capital.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of free cash flow on the management of real and artificial earning in companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2006 – 2016 by choosing 183 companies as sample. To test the hypotheses, multivariate linear regression with panel data has been used. In this study, free cash flows and real earnings management have been measured with two and three measures (earlier and latter measures respectively are free cash flows to the firm and business, and abnormal operating cash flows, abnormal production costs, abnormal discretionary costs and artificial earnings management though discretionary accruals). The results shows free cash flows with above mentioned criteria has a positive and significant impact on the criteria of real and artificial earnings management. That means with the increase in free cash flow, the irregular level of the criteria of real earnings management and also the amount of accruals items are increased. Actually the managers of the companies with high free cash flow have a good severity of action in manage of earnings management. Thus, the opportunist behavior of managers with surplus amount of cash can be explained through free cash flows theory.

The aim of this study is to provide a model for investigating the audit quality with respect to systemic factors. In spite of the previous look at the audit quality that was product oriented, this study has been considered process-oriented and system-specific. The potential indicators presented in this study include the inputs of the audit, the audit process and the audit results. The statistical population of this study is the audit experts, managers and partners of the audit institution members of the official accountants’ community of Iran and the audit organization. The statistical deduction of the research is done by fuzzy logic. According to the results, the greatest impact on the audit quality is due to the average years of experience, industry expertise, partner, manager, engagement quality reviewer hours and timing relative to total audit effort, indicators related to independence and observance of those indicators, frequency and market impact of financial statement restatements for errors, the workload of partners and employees, chargeable hours per professional, and compensation trends of prematurely-rotated partners indicators.