JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH)
Year:2007 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

In this article we maintain that without specification of production chain, backward and forward linkages and sectoral policy can not be properly measured .For the measurement of backward and forward linkages, we have used traditional and modern approaches. As compared with modern approach, the traditional approach has two limitations, viz., simultaneous overlapping of purchasing and selling sectors in production chain and conventional use of unit in either final demand or value added components. Based on the two approaches, backward and linkages for 54 sectors of Iranian economy have been estimated. The results indicate that the relative sizes of sectors under traditional approach are different from those of modern approach.

This paper develops a theoretical model for expected utility maximizing firm from stochastic profit to set up its optimal level of final output which is processed by converting main input. Equilibrium condition yields the equation for expected marketing margin, consisting of five components: processing marginal cost, oligopoly and oligopsony distortions, output and input price variances. The applied setting is treated by application of polled cross section and time series dada for 11 sugar factories activated in Tehran Exchange Market over the years of 1996 through 2003. It turns out that the expected margin effects of wage and energy are negative and that of the market share effect is positive since the higher output price variance can offset the lower main input price variance.

The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the economic impact of gasoline subsidy on inflation rate in Iran. To do so, we have used time series data for the period 1971-2004 to estimate a system of simultaneous equations by three stages least squares (3SLS) method. The results show that during the period under consideration, reducing the gasoline subsidy in order to set the cost-accounting price will not have a major impact on inflation in Iran. Therefore, it is suggested that the government uses policies in order to fulfill the goals of Iran's fourth economic development plan as well as twenty-year economic outlook. As a result of applying the recommended policies we will hopefully witness the better performance of the economy especially the reduction in gasoline consumption.JEL Classification: H25

Growth in agriculture is linked to the non-farm economy through domestic terms of trade and factor market adjustment. Whit almost stable input growth, the relatively large contributions from growth in total factor productivity (TFP), can be attributed to the intermediate and final consumers in the form of declining real prices for primary farm products. The resulting net growth in the real value of agricultural GDP is relatively low. Decomposition of agricultural growth effects shows that factors such as price effects, input growth and TFP growth are positive and effective in Iran economy.

In the present paper, the effect of foreign trade (openness) and other factors (tariff rate, entry and exit and research and development on productivity of manufacturing industries in Iran is studied. The panel data that is used covers 9 industry groups observed over the period of 1994-2000. Models were estimated using GLS that according to the “F” test increases the consistency of the estimates compared to Ordinary Least Squares. The findings indicate a positive and significant effect of foreign trade on productivity of the Iranian manufacturing. The effect of research and development on productivity is also positive. An increase in tariff rate reduces productivity. The paper implies that foreign trade is an important factor in increasing productivity.

One of the problems in urban economics for policy makers is city growth and development. Inequality, heterogeneity, and spatial disparities in this context are important. In this research, two questions are raised:1-Is there income inequality or not?2-If so, what is the trend of this inequality in different years?To answer these questions, two econometric approaches are applied: General econometrics and spatial econometrics. At first, with income data in Isfahan municipality from 1991 to 2002, some indexes of inequality are used and found that the answer to the first question was positive. The results also showed that income inequality in regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 was decreasing and for other regions a clear trend could not be seen at all.

There are so many non-cash endowments (waqf in commodity) which are developed for doing charitable activities. However, the subject of "waqf in money" is new and controversial, so that there is no consensus on the concept. This paper aims to analyze this issue. First section of the paper is devoted to conceptual framework. In the second and third sections, view points of the opponents and proponents of money endowment are analyzed, and finally some policy implications are recommended.