JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH)
Year:2006 | Volume:6 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

One of the main problems of Iranian economy is its dependence on oil revenues. To overcome this problem and reduce this dependency, mechanisms have been designed in almost every development plan during the last three decades. Increasing the volume of non oil exports is one of the mechanisms that have been pursued by government officials. Increasing the volume of export is an economic variable that is a function of various factors such as production level, exchange rate, commodity price, and income of importing nations and so forth. Depending on the type of commodity and product, the critical factors that affect exports will vary. Therefore, determining the critical factors and variables are very important and this process will enable the policy makers to design appropriate policies to enhance commodity exports.Saffron is one of the important export commodities in the country. The results of estimating the saffron export supply function show that the level of saffron production and real exchange rate have positive impacts on the export of saffron, while the export price and war have negative impacts. Statistical study shows the income from the export of saffron has not been stable during the period under study due to the demand for exports rather than the supply.The results also show that processing, marketing, appropriate and stable exchange rate and trade policies can provide an enabling environment to increase the level of saffron export in global markets.

The present paper empirically examines the causal relationship between insurance development and economic growth in Iran during 1960-2004. Theoretically, there are 3 theories concerning insurance development (as a financial intermediator) and economic growth. “The Supply-leading theory” promotes the link from insurance development to economic growth. “The demand- Following theory” supports the link from economic growth to insurance development. Finally, the Lucas (1988) Theory indicating that insurance development is not an important variable in promoting economic growth. Considering the causality models (First difference VARs Models or Error Correcting Models ECM) require the stationary and co integration properties of variables. In this paper causal relationship of insurance development and economic growth has been examined using various statistical tests.The empirical results of this paper show the existence of the causal relationship from insurance and life insurance to economic growth, but do not support this relation for Non-life insurance.

In Iran, we observe capital outflow of economic productive sectors such as industry, agriculture and construction to service sector. This matter has resulted in imbalanced growth of economic sectors in the country. Of course, the government’s fiscal and monetary policies have not been effective in decreasing this process. In this research, by using permanent income theory and Harris-Todaro model, we try to identify the effective factors on capital formation and measure the capital movements from productive sectors to service sector.The results indicate that risk – adjusted incomes of all economic sectors have had positive impact on capital formation of service sector. In this context, services, industry, agriculture and construction had most impact on capital formation of service sector respectively.So, to create balanced economic growth, the government fiscal, monetary and protectionist policies, must be in a way that give rise to reduction of risk and increasing expected income in the productive sectors, especially industry and agriculture.

The study of the relation between the volume of stocks trading, stock price fluctuations and the return on stocks has been of great significance to economists as well as financial analysts since 1959. Actually the strength of this relation has resulted in unique sayings and phrases on the Wall Street. Tehran Stock Exchange Market and the Capital Market in Iran are fairly new markets. Traders in these markets are very sensitive to the smallest variation of both stock prices as well as the volume of stocks traded. They have a belief that such variations are the result of the information and the news that they have not been aware of. In this article an attempt has been made to study the simultaneous and the possible causal relation between the volumes of stocks trading, stock price fluctuations and the return on stocks. The results show that there exists a simultaneous relation between the volume of stocks trading and stock returns. It was further shown that there is a bilateral relation between these two variables as well.

In this article, the demand function for international phone calls from Iran to 47 countries which is over 90 percent of Iranian international phone calls was estimated by using pooling data model in three ways: general case, fixed effects and random effects. Then by using Hausman test it was found out that there are random effects.In view of the research outcome, the demand elasticity of international phone calls in ratio of the price, volume trade and inflows (calls) are -.93, .37 and .33 respectively which is indicative of low demand elasticity in respect of the said variables. Accordingly, the demand elasticity of international phone calls in ratio of the income and internet users’ amount is 2.52 and 2.11 proving the high demand elasticity in respect of the said variables.It is necessary to mention that the time series data used in this research are for the period of 2000 to 2002.

The world starts new procedures and economy based on traditional factors of production, is replaced by knowledge and information based economy. Knowledge and information play an essential role in growth and creation of added value in the developed and post industrialized countries. In this regard, the process of development of industrial societies shows that information and knowledge play a critical role in the development and industrialization of these countries.At first this research defines the types of knowledge and essential processes in the knowledge-based economies and then knowledge measurement index and characteristics of knowledge based economies are analyzed. In addition, the rank of Iran in the World Bank Index and characteristics of knowledge-based economy in comparison with Turkey, Pakistan and Kuwait and main challenges in this view are discussed. Some suggestions for improving the structure of knowledge-based economy are stated as well.The results show that, despite recent advances in the knowledge-based economy Iran has not developed the necessary infrastructures and still has not utilized the existing resources effectively.

Historical observations of institutional economists have challenged most of the neo-classical doctrines. This can clearly be seen, especially in the status of Market-state and their role in the development process.In this article, at first the neoclassical approach of market-state problem and the quality of their interaction will be reviewed and then institutional approach, investigating the former will be introduced.Findings of this study show that “state” and “market” are very general concepts and must be carefully indentified in every specific case. Institutionalists believe that, in reality, there are many different styles of co-ordination mechanisms that are chosen flexibly by the logic and level of transaction costs. The study highlights the importance of transaction costs to remove the ideological approaches to state and market and their role in the process of development.