This study aims at determining the anthropogenic and lithogenic sources of heavy metal pollution in Shirud River. To this end, seven sediment samples were collected and analyzed for both bulk and partition studies. A three-step chemical partitioning was used to find the anthropogenic sources of metals. The data reveal that due to oil pollution, the concentrations of Ni and V increase in the estuary. The main source of oil pollution could be attributed to oil drilling activities that have taken place in the last few years in the Caspian Sea. The Geochemical Index is indicative of a medium- to high-level pollution in the area under study.