JOURNAL OF FUNDAMENTALS OF MENTAL HEALTH
Year:2009 | Volume:11 | Issue:3 (43)|Papers Count:11

Introduction: As substance abusers are prone for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, this study was established to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and related risk factors among injective substance abusers in Shiraz.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, we studied 360 male intravenous substance abusers in a random "time location sampling" method all around Shiraz. During September to December 2008, participants were asked by standard structured questionnaire of behavioral study. We obtained three blood spots from their fingers to evaluate HIV infection. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods such as mean, variance, tables and schemas. Results: The mean age of participants were 33±7.26 years (range 19-64). The average age of initial substance use and first intravenous substance use were 18.6±1.63 and 25±6.32 years. 30.2% of the participants were homeless and the most prevalent method of abuse was injection. The most abused illicit drug in the last month was Tamgizak (41.1%). During last month, 15% had used contaminated syringes and 15.6% had used shared syringes; 62.8% of participant had sex with permanent partners such as wife, 36.3% had sex to earn money or drugs, 54% had sex with other partners (not for money or drugs) and 49.4% were homosexual. During last year, prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse without condom in four mentioned sexual patterns were 49.7%, 31.7%, 43.3%, 75.6% respectively. In addition, 24.7% (89 cases) were infected with HIV.Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV+ cases and high risk behaviors among intravenous drug abusers are high.

Introduction: Mothers and fathers are different in a variety of their parenting characteristics. The different combinations of maternal and paternal parenting styles are related to their adjustment, mental health and psycho-social development in adolescence. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combinations of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles on anxiety and depression in adolescents. Materials and Methods: Three hundred fifty six male students from governmental high schools in Isfahan (2009) were selected by cluster multistage sampling method. They fulfilled parenting style questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory. Parenting typology of families classified according to combination of maternal and paternal parenting styles and adolescents’ depression and anxiety levels in different types were compared by ANOVAs regression analysis and Schefe’s test. Results: Findings of this study suggest that adolescents achieve the most positive outcomes when they have at least one authoritative parent or two indulgent parents (P<0/001), and worst outcomes when they are reared by both uninvolved parents (P<0/001), and in types with one uninvolved parent, mother’s uninvolvement has more negative outcomes (P<0/001). Conclusion: Low amounts of anxiety and depression are outcomes of high levels of warmth and control of both or at least one of the parents and/or congruency in maternal and paternal parenting styles. Low levels of warmth and control or incongruence in mother and father parenting had worst outcomes.

Introduction: The main aim of this study was suggestion of a manual for group therapy based on cognitive behavioral therapy in opioid dependent patients co-morbid with major depressive disorder. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 subjects were collected from some addiction treatment centers in Mashhad, north-eastern part of Iran. All of them gave opioid dependence and major depressive disorder via Structured Clinical Interview based on DSM-IV (SCID). They were randomly allocated into control and experimental groups (each group included 15 subjects). Beck Depression Inventory II and Morphine test were used at first and end of study. After 12 sessions in case group (control group did not receive cognitive-behavioral intervention) data were analyzed by c2 and U Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The difference of relapse rate between experimental group and control group was statistically significant (P<0.001). The depression rates in experimental and control groups showed significant decreases at the end of study (P<0.001).Conclusion: Using group therapy with cognitive behavioral approach is effective in patients with co-morbidity of major depressive disorder and opioid dependency.

Introduction: The main aim of this research was estimation of the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the emotional intelligence scale (Schett’s emotional intelligence self report test) in students of Azadshahr branch of Islamic Azad University.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study, 306 students of Azadshahr branch of Islamic Azad University (183 women and 123 men) who were selected using randomized stratified method, completed the emotional intelligence scale (Schett’s emotional intelligence self report test), the life satisfaction scale, the depression anxiety stress scales and the trait meta-mood scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and correlation coefficient. Results: The test-retest reliability and Cronbach’s a was 0.77 and 0.85 respectively, and were also significant (P<0.001). The correlation coefficient of emotional intelligence scale with “The Satisfaction With Life Scale” (SWALS), “Depression Anxiety Stress Scales” (DASS) and “Trait Meta–Mood Scale” (TMMS) were also found to be 0.48, -0.46 and 0.49 respectively which were also significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: The emotional intelligence scale is valid and reliable among university student population.

Introduction:  There are many studies confirmed the role of psychological elements in etiology of coronary artery diseases and their progressive course. The aim of the present research was to investigate the correlation of sense of coherence and type-D personality with health in coronary artery diseases. Materials and Methods: In this correlational study, 60 patients with coronary artery disease were selected among patients who had referred to cardiology clinic of Heshmat Hospital (summer 2009) in Rasht City, northern part of Iran. For all patients, sense of coherence scale, type-D personality scale and health survey questionnaire were fulfilled. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that sense of coherence (r=0.22) and type-D personality (r= -0.62) were significantly related to health of patients with coronary artery disease (P<0.05). The results of multiple regression showed that only negative affect component predicted the health in patients with coronary artery disease. Conclusion: The results indicated that high level of negative affect reduces health in patients with coronary artery disease.

Introduction: Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between father and mother attachment styles with social competence and social emotional adjustment in samples of non-local freshmen university students in Tabriz University, western part of Iran.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, subjects were chosen among the freshmen students of Tabriz University. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Inventory (RAAI) and Inventory Competence Questionnaire- Revised (ICQ-R) were filled out by 182 students (91 men and 91 women). The collected data were analyzed using multiple-regression. Results: The results show that there is a positive meaningful relationship between parents' positive attachment styles (trust and communication) and socio-emotional adjustment (P<0/001). However, there is a negative significant relationship between parents' negative attachment styles (emotional alienation) and social-emotional adjustment. Also, positive meaningful relationship between parents' positive attachments styles with students' social competence were found (P<0/001). Based on results of this research, we found that among predictive variables, mother's emotional alienation and father's trust are best indicators for changes related to students' socio-emotional adjustment (P<0/001). Furthermore, component of mother's trust only can be explained 11 percents of variation of social competence (P<0/001). Conclusion: Parental attachment styles play an important role in different adjustment domains (social, behavioral and emotional) and social competence in university students.

Introduction: Love and libido are basic needs of human being which if they are not satisfied, different signs and symptoms such as physical illness, depression, marital dissatisfaction and even divorce may occur.Materials and Methods: The present study conducted to estimate the relationship of marital commitment and sexual satisfaction in couples of Shahreza City (2008). This research was a descriptive correlational study. The sample included 42 couples (84 persons) that were randomly selected from families’ public health files in health centers in Shahreza City by two stages cluster sampling. Marital commitment questionnaire and self-made questionnaire of sexual satisfaction were used for gathering information. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent t test.Results: Results indicated that relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital commitment was significant (P<0.001, r=0.475). Also there were significant relationships between duration of marriage and sexual satisfaction (P=0.013) and marital commitment (P=0.021). Less duration of marriage related to more marital commitment and sexual satisfaction. Moreover results showed the significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and education (P=0.042), and increase of educational level related to more sexual satisfaction.Conclusion: Increasing in sexual satisfaction has effective role in marital commitment.

Introduction: As change is inevitable, the managers have to coordinate themselves with it actively. This research was performed to study the effects of field dependency on their change management of academic department chairs in MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: In this quantitative non-experimental descriptive retrospective research, a total of 49 people of academic department chairs of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 2007-2008 were assessed in terms of field dependency effects on their change management. Group embedded figure test and change management questionnaire were used for data gathering. Data analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (U Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests). Results: 83.67% of managers were male and 33.16% were female. There is a significant difference between the field dependent department chairs and field independent ones in light of their ability of change management (P=0.002). It means that the mean of field independency of the academic department chairs in change management was more than the field dependent one. However there is no significant difference between the department chairs change management ability according to their sex and experiences as faculty members (P=0.734).Conclusion: Field dependence of the administrators affects their change management. Ability of the academic department chairs' field independency in change management is significantly more than the field dependent one.