RAHBORD
Year:2010 | Volume:18 | Issue:53 (SPECIAL ISSUE FOR CULTURA AND SOCIAL STUDIES)|Papers Count:21

The introduction of new themes into the discussions on development has opened a new horizon for the thinkers involved in this field. Therefore, concepts such as social capital and cultural capital have found a special status in human development studies.To explain the theory of cultural capital, this article first addresses the conditions leading to the emergence of social and cultural capital theories as developed by Putnam and Bourdieu. Then, it defines the different types of capital and describes their interaction. Finally, the relationship between cultural capital and education is discussed.

Corruption is an international phenomenon dating back to the emergence of state and humankind. Today, there is no country or society which claims to have a completely healthy administrative and social system.Although, the level of administrative and social corruption is different from a society to another one, all systems face a certain level of corruption.What differentiates the extent of corruption in different systems is difference between human initiatives, the types of system, cultural structures, belief and value systems, rational opinions and institutional measures of human agents. As for struggling against corruption, there are two categories of well-developed theories which could be associated to pessimists and optimists. The first category-pessimists-believes that every effort for ending administrative corruption is useless, and the second one believes that corruption can be reduced like most existing phenomena in the society through collective wisdom, institutional initiatives, and gradual change in economic and cultural structures and social capital. This article while emphasizing the second view, argues that corruption is affected by social factors and social environment, despite the fact that it is rooted in institutions. Having emphasized the importance of culture and society, especially social capital in spreading administrative corruption, the author believes that corruption can be controlled by cultural and technological measures.

Today, governments are obliged to respond the increasing demands of conscious citizens, organizations, etc. People's supervision on their agents in the government to make them responsible is an accepted principle in public management. The declaration of authorities 'property as a mechanism for responsiveness, prevents from interests conflict among authorities and provides for citizens' satisfaction. Efficient supervision requires the explanation of indices. Therefore, this article conducts a case study on eleven countries to extract determining indices in declaring property. Finally, through aggregating eight indices, the optimum indices in formulating regulations for the declaration of property are suggested. Then, a software is designed to certify the declared property based on a comparison between revenues and costs by providing a model for living standards.

Many people working in organizations try to convey their envisioned picture to other people. Many of them adopt some behavior which can be subsumed under impression management. This article tries to study the relationship between positive and negative affectivities using the tactics of impression management. The foundings of research confirmed a significant positive correlation between positive affectivities and using ingratitude tactics and a significant negative correlation with using patronage and intimidation tactics. Also, the study of relationship between the two variables of positive affectivities and using patronage tactics showed that there was an inverse correlation between them. The statistical population of this research consists of all the employees of Education offices in Qom.

Iranian society is in transition between tradition and modernity. This period is characterized by the rupture between social means and value goals, conflict between value and normative systems, individual's failure in adopting appropriate adjustment, etc, therefore it would be necessary to distinguish the present situation of adjustment methods, their future and possibility of transition from the current situation to the desirable one.This article tries to present a typology of social adjustment by using multi-dimensional methods. Its statistical population consists of individuals in an age group between 16-35 years old in Elam province. Its sampling method consists of a multi-staged clustering scheme, and its size is 380 people. It is a social survey and data gathering was conducted through questionnaires. The dominant form of social adjustment among the youth is 7 innovation. The score of goals is higher than that of means. People inhabiting in villages and those who trust more act with more conformity.Given the dominance of adjustment based on innovation that is preferring ideal and value goals over social mechanisms for reaching goals by individuals, it would be necessary to coordinate the structural parts of society, to provide normative means which are appropriate with values, to strengthen civil institutions, to create opportunities for social mobility and to improve social confidence.

This article is based on an explanatory research on feeling of social safety among 15-29 year women in Tehran and its determining factors. Using a multi-staged clustering method and simple random sampling, the researchers interviewed 384 women in an age group between 15-29 years. The results show that variables such as feeling safety in home, economic and social status and feeling social order have positive and direct impact on women's feeling regarding social safety; and the variable of allegiance to religious beliefs has a negative and reverse impact on it. Also, a multi-variable regression analysis shows that the variables of feeling safety in home, economic and social status, feeling social order and allegiance to religious beliefs have respectively significative roles.

There are some beliefs among the popular culture throughout the world which are considered to be superstitions based on the criteria of modern thinking. Despite, their supposed negative meaning, superstitions are those beliefs that are indefensible scientifically and empirically but they can motivate or inhibit the society regarding a particular subject. Therefore, due to the open and latent functions of theses beliefs in the modern societies, discussing them is of great importance.Relying upon prevalent beliefs in the popular culture, this article tries to find their determining factors by using the techniques of social surveys. The obtained results show that those people who have closer relation with modernism, rationalism, scienticim and empiricism (those with higher education, longer stay in big cities, etc) have less tendency for superstitious beliefs. Also, men less than women and the inhabitants of the district one less than those of the other districts of Tehran have a tendency for such beliefs.

Realism and neo-realism as the dominant approach in the studies of international relations and foreign policy with their emphasis on states and the dominance of structure over the international system do not believe in the role of ethnicity in the foreign policy of states. However, with the end of 9 the Cold War, we witness the impact of ethnicity on the security arrangements of sub-systems, especially the Middle East. This article while describing the failure of classical realist explanation in analyzing this process, presents the theory of omni-balancing as an appropriate model for explaining the impact of ethnicity and ethnic groups on the foreign policy of states, especially in the Middle East.

Regarding the extreme use of Internet or Internet addiction, there have been many reports of clinical disorders such as headache, eye irritation, backache, neck pain, wrist pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, insomnia, poor appetite and other malaises such as educational decline, unwillingness to attend classes or family circles, ignorance of personal hygiene, aggressiveness, depression, etc. Therefore, given the increasing spread of using Internet, paying attention to the negative consequences of this communicative channel is of great importance. This article tries to study the extent of Internet addiction among the adolescents. Its descriptive research method and statistical population include the college and high-school students; 204 students were selected randomly and the correlation between Internet addiction and the size of educational organization, gender, and level of education was tested. The results do not show any significant difference between the gender and Internet use, but there is a significant difference between the level of education and the extent of Internet addiction. Another finding shows that there is a significant difference between the size of educational organization and the extent of Internet addiction among the students.

Today, urban public space has gained a fundamental importance in urban development plans. This suggests the role of these spaces in upgrading the cultural and social prestige of the city. Urban space is a complex consisting of activities, different cultural, social, administrative, commercial buildings organized in a tidy, coordinated, orderly, beautifully manner with a particular visual value which is physically enclosed. In other words, urban space is a part of the city where urban activities are manifested. A place where citizens as the actors of public space and users of urban spaces are interacting with each other. Naturally, their satisfaction with these spaces has a determining role in their social interactions.This article tries to evaluate the indicators and criteria of citizen's satisfaction with urban public spaces by recognizing the influential variables. Also, it studies the definitions and concepts of urban public spaces, determining factors of the content of urban space and functions of urban public spaces, using the documentary method.The results showed that the three variables of access to services, social safety and space identity are the most effective factors in citizen's satisfaction with urban public spaces.

A form of rational thinking has led to the growth of participation whose aim is making people involved in building their future. The formation and continuation of this process require many conditions. Along these lines, this article tries to study the extent of social-political participation and its determining factors in Khodabandeh, from a sociological point of view. The statistical population of this research consists of individuals in an age group between 30 and 60 years old inhabiting in this city. The size of sample is 400 persons. Data gathering has been conducted by interview based on questionnaire. The results show medium to low social - political participation in Khodabandeh. Also, there is a significant correlation, with the reliability of 99%, between independent variables (age, gender, social class, place of residence, universalism, futurism, social-political alienation, trust, family structure, education, mass media, fatalism and the dependent variable, social-political participation). R2  is equivalent to 0/30.