ULUM-I-HADITH
Year:2011 | Volume:15 | Issue:4 (58)|Papers Count:11

Without doubt, authenticity of wahid hadiths is one of the most influencing discussions in the Field of kalam and tafsir which causes fundamental distinctions in our attitude while approaching kalam texts and shaping belief.In this paper, the author, while dealing with the views of the great scholars of usul in three consecutive periods first tries to make a reconsideration of intisabi shuhrat (attributing fame) as a critical issue among old and modern usuli scholars. He then comes up with influencing issues, which face up to wahid hadiths and challenge their authenticity in the field of kalam. Removing the obstacles, he finally paves the way for wahid hadiths to reach the peaks of authenticity.

The authors of the present paper first try to make a comparison between what have been mentioned about implications of muhkam and mutashabah in hadith reports and what modern and earlier scholars have stated in this regard. Then, in the light of the general tenor of the chapter 3, verse 7 of the holy Quran make a judgment that how far way they got in the passing of tow periods of athar and ra' y from the earlier Quranic term.The authors hold that two great contemporary scholars of the Quran, Allama Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaee and Ayatullah Mohammad Hadi Marifat, making an analysis of the exegetes and usuli' s approach to this Quranic term, have achieved a pretty new definition of muhkam and mutashabih which is muh closer to the Quranic term. What have been reported in hadiths, in spite of a little disparity among them, are much closer to the Quranic term than what has become widespread among the usulis and subsequently among exegetes and scholars of the Quranic sciences.

Understanding the meanings of hadith words is of special importance. Referring to a dictionary is very useful, necessary and utilitarian. However, it is not sufficient. Dictionaries can not display all denotations and connotations of hadith words. Presenting some examples, the author of the present paper tries to demonstrate that we should not be content with meanings displayed by lexicographers in dictionaries. If so it will lead at least to some damages. Examining some methods of concept analysis of hadith words utilized in religious texts covers other parts of this paper. Finally, he utilizes this method to look up the true meaning of some hadith words.

In this paper, the author is looking for some criteria from the holy Quran and hadiths so that based on them he can identify those hadiths which contain exaggerative concepts and beliefs.According to the verses of the holy Quran, ghuluw (extremism) is tantamount to shirk (polytheism). The Gholat (extremists) are those whose beliefs and words about others leads to negation of Divine Sovereignty and acknowledging servitude of others. Claming divinity for other than Allah, claiming Allah's absolute attributes for other than Him are among the criteria of guluw in the verses of the holy Quran. In addition to the Quranic examples there are some other cases which are regarded as ghuluw by hadiths: such as claiming prophecy for the Infallible Imams, and giving superiority to them over the Prophet, may peace and blessings of Allah be upon them. The Imams of Ahlul-bayt (a.s) have always explicitly and without any ambiguity detested these groups.

Shaykh Baha' ad-Din al-`Amili, or Sheykh Bahaee (February 1547 - 30 August 1621) was a great Shii scholar in the field of Quran, hadith, fiqh (jurisprudence), mysticism, mathematics, architecture, literature, and poetry. He wrote over 88 books in different topics mostly in Persian but also in Arabic. The present paper is concerned with one of the scientific characteristics of this great scholar that is hadith sciences: rijal, diraya, hadith terminology, hadith scholarship. To the author of the present paper Shaykh Bahaee's scholarly approach and wonderful innovations are all marvelous and praiseworthy.

Hadith reporters and compilers of hadith collections have attributed some hadiths to the holy Prophet, may peace and blessings be upon him, which somehow indicates the merits of the people of Persia. It is such a merit that if it is at the Pleiades, the people of Persia will attain it. This merit has been described in three different words: `ilm (knowledge), iman (faith), din (religion). These hadiths can be looked up in hadith collections as well as Shii and Sunni history and tafsir books. In this paper the author first deals with Sunni hadiths which are of much scope and then comes up with Shii versions. He then verifies their contents and discusses the different views concerning their indications. Three basic views are concluded from evaluating these hadiths: first view is concerned with those who have displayed their agreement explicitly or implicitly; second view belongs to those -mostly modern- scholars who regard them as fabricated; third view which is a moderate one regards some of them as correct and the other ones as distorted. He finally discusses their reliability through investigating their chain of documents.

Khums is one of the important issues discussed in the field of hadith, fiqh and the holy Quran. Its incumbency has been proved by the Holy Quran and consensus of Muslims. In spite of unanimity among all Muslim over the fact of its incumbency, there are some disagreements among jurists and leaders of different sects over some of its rulings: such as ownership, ways of its spending and etc. Hadiths transmitted by the Sunni and Shii scholars concerning some canonical rulings are regarded as the source of this disagreement. Views presents by Sunni traditionists and jurists play a remarkable role in discovering the intellectual atmosphere and deducing rulings of religion. The author of this paper raises some questions concerning the place of khums in Bukhari’s Sahih as an important book of the Sunnis as well as Bukhri’s views on the related hadiths and tries to find appropriate answers for them. He classifies hadiths of Sahih into two parts: one chapter covers those in which the word of khums is found explicitly in the title of that chapter and the other one those which implicitly deal with this issue.

Rain is the mercy of God. By sending down this source of vitality, God has given life to all living creatures. Many Islamic hadiths have dealt with rain and its benefits here and there. They have recommended drinking rainwater which its most important result is curing many diseases. Hadiths have beautifully depicted the connection between rain and spirituality and listed those sins which cause this blessing not to be sent down. But are clouds the source of rain? Or precipitation is done in a layer higher than clouds and clouds act as a sieve. There are some hadiths in this regard which need more investigation. Some regard them as incongruent with the holy Quran or science and reject them due to weakness in their chains of documents. The present paper verifies these hadiths from two perspectives: text and chain of documents.

The author of the present paper tries to retell the history of Shiite hadith during the first five centuries in parts of central Asia (Transoxiana). To do so, he studies the key factors - which play an important role in the history of hadith in this region - and investigate them separately. These factors are as follows: number of hadith reporters, hadith meetings, hadith books and their contents, connection with other hadith schools, their hadith interactions with the people of that region.Since this region - which has been located in the east of Islamic world - is very large, it has seen many ups and downs. While investigating these factors much importance has been attached to the elements of time and geographical area.