PAZHUHESH-DINI (RELIGIOUS STUDY)
Year:2006 | Volume:- | Issue:11|Papers Count:18

The present paper deals with the literal meaning of Khulud first, reviews Quranic verses as well as traditions dealt with question of Khulud secondly, and express some problems raised against eternity of chastisement and their answers thirdly. Discussing whether eternity of chastisement is for minority of humanity or for its majority brings the essay to an end.      

Among significant questions in the realm of Quranic discussions is eloquence of the Quran which can be treated as a matter of consensus in the opinion of Islamic scholars and commentators. In the present essay, Allama Tabatabaee's eloquent viewpoints in some Quranic verses in Al-mizan are surveyed and analyzed.      

In order to know the most desirable method of Quranic exegesis, one should survey all aspects of the question. A thorough research in this field may lead to this fact that the best method of Quranic exegesis is that of verse by verse in the first step and knowledge of points of the verse in the second one. This method can be seen in al- Mizan in its best form.    

Al-Mizan is among valuable Quranic exegeses in the fourteenth hijri century whose author - in addition to using specific method of Quran through Quran commentary and presenting various doctrinal, ethical, social, etc. discussions - has frequently used hadiths narrated in both Shiite and Sunni traditional sources. Whereas Allama Tabatabaee believes in independence of Quran in implication of its notions and has frequently emphasized independence of Quran from others including hadiths, he has attempted to create a balance between "Quran through Quran commentary" and "using hadith in Quranic hadiths". The present essay expounds that point and indicates Allama Tabatabaee's perspective concerning hadith as well as his kind of treating Quranic traditions.      

In his book "Ittijahat al-Tafsir fi'l Qarn Al-Rabi' Ashar", Dr. Fahad b. Abd al-Rahman b. Sulayman al-Rumi intends to present Quranic commentary schools in fourteenth hijri century. While Shiite methods are also mentioned and briefly presented, Al-Rumi has dealt with Al-Mizan in a more detailed manner. His approach in the presentation, however, suffers from obvious faults and contradictions. His pre-suppositions about Shiite principles concerning Quranic commentary has led him to baseless claims. In the present criticism, some of those faults, contradictions, and distortions of the author with respect to Al-Mizan are explained first and then the foundation of his claim concerning destruction of pillars of Al-Mizan are surveyed in detail.      

The present essay surveys Quranic verses related to the question of Isra' in Surahs al-Isra' and al-Najm with a comparison of perspectives of Allama Tabatabaee and Al-Fakhr Al-Razi in order to clarify their common points and differences and come to an appropriate conclusion. Survey of opinions of other commentators in this connection has also been necessary with which the essay  has dealt.      

Allama Tabatabaee has always emphasized that reason and religion are of the same direction basing his starting point for solving different religious problems on that fundamental principle. Surveying some parts of AI-Mizan and Allama's reply to his critiques and his actual behavior, this essay attempts to indicate the status of reason in Allama's thought in five major axes.      

Appearance of divine religions as a set of knowledge presented by God to human beings is the most outstanding event in the whole history of humanity. That occurrence is based upon a special talent in man's nature and specific structure in his mind without which such an event was impossible. In other words, the harmony between revelation and reason on the one hand and capability of man for reception and comprehension of revelation and intellectual structure of human society on the other are significant characteristics which make the revelation and its development possible. The present essay surveys the harmony between revelation and reason and the mode of their relation from Allama Tabatabaee's perspective.      

There are several verses in the holy Quran in which Ta'wil is mentioned and knowing it is restricted to divine knowledge in one verse. On the other hand, in hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt a proportion between ahl al-bayt and ta 'wil is established. The present essay deals with the meaning of ta 'wil in the opinion of ahl al-bayt and its difference from commentary, and the proportion between the apparent and the interior on the one hand and commentary and ta'wil on the other. Also perspective of Ahl al-Bayt concerning availability of ta 'wil to others considering capacity of Quranic ta 'wil is expounded. Verification of this theory is dependent upon answering some questions including reproaches of hadiths concerning those who make ta 'wil.      

Among precise questions, one is the mode of benefiting from hadiths in Quranic commentary. Allam Tabatabaee has a special perspective and a specific method of commentary in his al-Mizan. The present essay reports and surveys his perspective and method on the basis of al-Mizan in three axes first, and while mentioning points of strength of his perspective and method, some deliberations upon some of his perspectives concerning hadiths are presented for judgment of thinkers secondly.      

Hadith is the second pillar of Shariah and law-making in Islam and that is why it is of great significance and status for Muslims. From the early Islam up to the present time Muslims have had special consideration for this significant source of law-making and surveyed it from various perspectives. Among the most significant parts of that survey is the criticism of hadith consisting of two segments of chain of transmission and that of content of hadith. What this essay is aimed at is survey of methods of criticism of hadith and presentation of some of its examples in al-Mizan. Allama Tabatabaee seems to have presented a practically thorough investigation of hadith in al-Mizan within his Quranic discussions.

Discussion of man, society, and the kind of desirable government has always occupied thinkers' minds from the very early times. The present essay attempts to investigate the said issue from Allama Tabatabaee's perspective.      

Islamic commentators are divided into two groups when encountering hadiths: One restricts understanding of the Quran to hadiths, and the other holds its contrary. Allama Tabatabaee, who is of the second group, maintains that Quranic verses are independent in their expounding. While believing in validity of hadith and invalidity of khabar al-wahid in other than Shariah, he has benefited from hadiths of Imams in confirmation and emphasizing notions taken from verses, especially those hadiths which are mutawatir, issued certainly, or are with some evidence of truth. Using some such criteria as Quran, tradition, certain history, and self-evident truths, Allama has criticized hadiths. Thus, he leaves aside Israili hadiths and treats hadiths of companions and their followers with some precaution.      

Among methods of Quranic commentary, one is the mystical method. Benefiting from some points in this connection in some verses, Islamic mystics have attempted to extract some subtle implications beyond apparent meanings of the holy Quran. In Lataif al-Isharat, Qushairi has done such a job; a book to be considered as the first complete mystical exegesis of the holy Quran in which discussions concerning practical mysticism are widely found. Qushairi has followed a moderate way and expressed Quranic implications in such a way that rarely is attacked by others.      

Honoring people of knowledge and virtue is a good custom to which our scientific community is needy in order to improve and develop. The present essay is an attempt in introducing Dr. Sayyed Mohammad Bagher Hojjati and his scholarly activities and works specially Tafsir-e Kashefand its method in Quranic commentary.