LITERARY TEXT RESEARCH (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)
Year:2014 | Volume:18 | Issue:61|Papers Count:7

This study seeks to describe and discuss a hemistich, namely «yours the earth, mine the vulture’s feather», of the story of Rostam and Sohrab in Ferdowsi''s Shahnameh. Many commentators and interpreters of the Shahnameh have different opinions on the concept and meaning of this hemistich. This has led the researchers to seek the reason of such differences, clues for the provided meanings, and the underlying concept of this verse. The researchers hypothesize that the low frequency of occurrence of the phrase «yours the earth, mine the vulture’s feather» in Persian texts has resulted in the ambiguity in the interpreting the verse, and in addition, this has also misguided the commentators to report the verse holistically. The researchers have found new evidence for the interpretation of «the vulture's feather» through the tools of analogy and diachronic analysis, and finally have provided a new meaning for the verse. The findings of the research, on the one hand, suggest that the interpretation of «vulture's feather» in this verse connotes tininess, diminution, and nothingness in comparison with the earth and whatever is on it. On the other hand, the interpretation of «borrowing vulture''s feather» is used to connote precipitation and haste.

The dynamic nature of reading a text is the result of strategies that change, modify or remove some of the presumptions of the reader. A study of the configuration of “time” in the story of “Siavash” illustrates that its genius plot is formed by emphasizing artistic strategies such as altering the chronology of the events. The narrator chooses to rearrange the revelation of events and actions of the story based on a set of rules that have a direct relationship with the original order of affairs. Through eliminating certain pieces of information or revealing them outside of their initial chronological spot, he creates suspense and thereby reduces the readers'' speed of comprehension encouraging them to assimilate their previous information with the most recent bits presented. The narrator focuses on the validity of prospective and prior to the initial orientation of the whole story and makes the reader obey himself. In this narrative audience try not to discovering events, but the desire to know how much accidents and premise of the story, accompanies the reader to the end of story.

Hermeneutics–and related concepts of textual significance– in the writings of Shams-e Tabrizi remains a topic largely unexamined by scholars despite its importance and promise for scholarship on mysticism and on Rumi especially, and even more so for understanding the inner life and deeds of Shams-e Tabrizi himself. As a thinker and as an individual, Shams had an essentially intuitive nature fond of coded meanings and devoted much attention to problems of interpretation throughout almost all his writings, where hermeneutics is encountered in a wide range of forms and serves to widen and deepen the author’s philosophy. Shams-e Tabrizi’s conception of interpretation ranges from fine lexical nuances to tangible material objects to intellectual discussions of important theological and social issues. The focus of this article, however, is to employ modern hermeneutical methodology for classifying and analyzing the ways in which Shams-e Tabrizi interpreted Koranic passages (ayat) and retellings of the hadiths (rewayat) and to explore the uniqueness of his understanding of these two categories of religious texts– an understanding not only contradictory to that of the majority of mystics and commentators, but innovative, diverse and overwhelmingly humanistic. This is a task requiring fresh, dedicated and objective scholarly investigation.

Pragmatism is a philosophical school that gives primacy to practice and take the real affairs and expediency into consideration and has no belief in absolutism in regard to theories, but considers truth as a relative subject. According to this school, beliefs and theories are the tools to achieve objectives, the efficiency of which is determined in the experiences. The founders of this school are Peirce, James and Dewey. In this study, first the background and specifications of Pragmatism will be provided, then, we will show that pragmatism has traces in ancient Greek philosophy, such the works of Plato and Aristotle and has similarities with utilitarianism among the new ethical theories. Secondly, we will study the specifications of Pragmatism such as realism, policy and relativism in the book of Kalileh & Demneh anecdotes.

The study of narratives, as the greatest gift of structuralism is considered as one of the most important aspects of the modern literary theory. Following Prop, structuralists attempted to present an overall model in creating different narrative in the 20th century. In this field, A. J. Greimas-the most popular narrative theorist-went beyond the limited studies of Prop, and presented his action model and his narrative chains. By doing so, he attempted to reach to the general principles of the narratives language and to analyze each narrative based on a specific narrative structure. He created his action model in a way that it can be adaptable which other narratives. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to study the narrative structure of Bahram and Gol-andam story, as a sample of the amatory and lyrical poems based on Greimas theory so we can analyze the structure of the original Plot using changes in statuses according to two-fold reciprocities, the narrative chains, and the action model of narratives. after analyzing the context, we concluded that Greimas''s action model in analyzing the narrative of lyric poems of Bahram and Gol-andam is approximately useful and plot of the story has a particular structure and narrative cohesion and is investigate from two viewpoints (two-fold reciprocities and syntactic rules) and from the action viewpoint, it includes two distinct action models with distinct actives which is rarely seen in other narratives.

Paradox is a key factor in literary beautification. Also, paradox plays an important role at foregrounding, defamiliarization and deviation in literature. The paradox is very widely used in poetry of Azerbaijani style. Azerbaijani poet style have used of very different and picturesque techniques to make paradoxes in their poetry. In this literary style, continuous, paradoxical compounds and images are made at various methods. This article Studies different types of Paradox in Azerbaijani style poem.

Iran, the ancient land, has always been home to writers and scientists who put attention to ethics into their work. For a long time, several books have been written on ethics and training. Anis al-Nas is one of the ethical and didactic books written by an unknown person named Shoja'' in the 830 AH. He has written this book in twenty chapters imitating Qaboosnameh. Amidst the book, Persian and Arabic phrases and poems relevant to the subject has been cited. The current study has reviewed and presented Chapter Two of the book Anis al-Nas, i.e. «in practice of selecting friends and its conditions». It first tries to determine sources used by the writer in the writing of this book, then indicate the influence of Islamic and Iranian thought on it.