LITERARY TEXT RESEARCH (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)
Year:2009 | Volume:13 | Issue:40|Papers Count:7

The scientific nature of literature as the intuitive embodiment and reflection of the human psyche has not been thoroughly investigated so far. Literary theorists have often studied it from aesthetic Point of view or moral aspects. They have reduced its value to physical joys at times. However, there is a close relationship between instinctive workings of human feeling and thought and the world which is established through literary imagination. The rhetoric of literary works expressed through symbol, metaphor, anecdote, fallacy, and tale are all different forms of knowledge and thought in literature. The present study is an attempt to examine the views of the well-known literary theorists of the world and to identify the scientific and thought-provoking components and features of literature.

Sanaee Gaznavi is a poet whose cosmological views, philosophical and mystical wisdom have made him compose poetry about the creation of universe. It is evident that his cosmology helps us understand his religious, social, and poetic thoughts. This paper has focused on Sanaee’s views and school of thought and reviewed the theological ideas of Zoroast, Mani, Mazdak, Aristotel, Plato, and intellectual vision of Avicenna, Farabi, and Nasserkhosrow. Moreover, the ideology of Sanaee is described and compared with other views and thoughts.

Kazim Tina is one of the first writers in Iran whose earliest works were published in 1320 (1941). Those of his works that are addressed in this study were published in decades of 1340, 1350 (1960, 1970) when the first works of postmodernism were just being published in the other parts of the world. At that time in Iran, nobody paid much attention to his works since those works were quite different from modernism and too weird for that time. And now they are going to be forgotten. In this paper, it has been shown that his works include the most important characteristics of postmodernism in a premature and spontaneous way. Some of those characteristics are the significance of ontological theme, incoherence and absence of plot, revelation of novel techniques, short circuit, indeterminacy, ambiguity, contradiction, chaotic setting, intertextuality, rebellious characters, and unification of characters. In this study, these characteristics are examined in some of Tina’s short stories which apparently show the postmodern nature of these works.

This study examines the relationship between art and literature to find a solution to this question that the cause of this extensive relationship in Nezami’s poems lies whether in the poetry art which encompasses all other arts or in an artistic poet such as Nezami with an extensive knowledge of various arts. The purpose of this research is to give an account of intertextual and interfield discussions to fill the gap which has appeared in the literary society. This paper focuses on mixing the effectiveness of art in poetry. Therefore, the researcher has attended to some arts and overlooked the others. It provides a review of the relationship between literature and art in its particular and conventional concept. In addition, regarding the definition of art from Nezami’s point of view, some manifestations of art are highlighted in his poems. Finally, the research results are expressed.

Separation is the foundation of lyrics. The description of this subject, the valediction moments and the result of such separations which include crying and sighing are the most attractive images in Persian literature. Generally, the concept of separation in lyrics can be divided in two parts: Separation letters (including the long and short ones) and valedictions which usually appear in three forms of complaint, praise, and description of separation. Each of these three forms has different evidences in poems such as sweetheart, hometown, family, and friends. In addition, in some elegies the poets focus on eternal valediction or the heartache of losing someone forever. In this study, the various appearances of separation heartache in lyrics are analyzed in two parts of separation letters and valedictions and further described in different kinds of poems including the couplets, ode, sonnet, and quatrain.

Typology is the knowledge of Persian language use in different geographical and historical fields and the classification of the various Persian texts. The first step includes the study of lexical, structural, and phonetic aspects of Persian texts in various areas. Furthermore, the different linguistic and rhetorical categories of each text are compared with other texts in order to achieve a set of consistencies which construct the basis of typology. This study focuses on the role of typology in identifying the authenticity of the manuscripts. According to the principles of typology, each manuscript enjoys a certain linguistic and cultural feature which in the case of blending, the specification style of the manuscripts is lost and the originality of the final texts is ruined. In addition, lexical frequency is another factor considered in determining the similarities and dissimilarities of the linguistic fields of the archaic texts.

Rashid-al-Din Vatvat is one of the great scholars in the century 6 A.H., a literary man and a reputable savant of eloquence in Persian and Arabic language. The only amendment made to this poetical work is the one carried by late Saeed Nafisi which was published in Azar 1339 A.H. in Tehran. Due to the recency of these manuscripts for the editor and inaccessibility to older manuscripts, many verses of this work mainly the Arabic verses were distorted. This study was carried out according to the archaic manuscripts which were available and written in the year 699 A.H. The researcher has rectified plenty of the distorted Arabic verses of this poet’s work as they are referred to in this study.