GEOGRAPHIC SPACE
Year:2010 | Volume:10 | Issue:29|Papers Count:10

Clean or renewable energy could be as one of the main bases of growth and development of countries in future. With all fossil energy the use of modern and renewable energy is necessary. Therefore, in feasibility study, this energy is required from now on. In this paper, the study of wind energy potential in Southern Aras Basin, and wind energy power in the stations of Ahar, Jolfa, Kalaibar, Marand, Ardabil, Parsabad, Meshkinshahr, Khoy, Makoo have been studied.Wind characteristics have been estimated using various formulas such as coefficient of wind changes, and coefficient of numerous altitudes.Considering all calculations done, the percentage of wind occurrence and its strength in Ardebil synoptic station was more than other stations.

Tourism is an industry with cultural and social relationship with minimum environmental contamination creating income and economic scale. Natural attractive places of each country have imperative role in absorbing the tourists. Ecotourist is a tourist who travels in nature without damaging environment. Geotourism is a branch of ecotourism. Karaftou cave in Kordestan Province has visual points and natural unique attractions along with historical places. In this paper we have studied two factors of road access and ecotourism potential with target of evaluation and study of the area ecotourism potentials Possible road access factor and ecotourism potential were analyzed using a matrix dependent to the study area. On the basis of resulting Pr index, location B (Karaftou cave) has maximum score with coefficient of 33% and, location C (Crackles) and location A (Gorbabaali Village). On the Took the next ranks. Basis of EP index, location B score (Karaftou cave) was equal to 1.16 and location A (Gorbabaali Village) was equal to 85% and location C score (Crackles) was equal to 44%. Explanatory results indicated that Kraftou cave is more suitable place for tourism development than others.

Forming of elements and spaces of cities has undergone fundamental change along with structural developments of cities in structuralspatial, economic, social, and green space aspects. The approach to municipality has changed from an ecologic to active view and dynamic aspects of socio-cultural performances.In this paper, using descriptive–analytical methods and on the basis of field survey we have to explore the social and cultural effects of municipal green space especially parks from various dimensions.Results showed that in addition to desirable function (establishing social communication, developing urban culture and citifying, filling the leisure time, etc.), the social and cultural effects of green space have also many undesired consequences (urban crimes, developing decadent culture, unlawful friendships, etc.). The socio-cultural effectiveness of parks is not the same in all indices, e.g. while regional parks, compared to other parks, play a more effective role in establishing participatory institutions and in mental and physical health in changing parks to the gathering of criminals and unlawful relationships is observed in a wide range. In other words, there is not always a direct relation between the area of parks and the rate of effects of socio-cultural indices (whether desirable or undesirable).But in all indices it is only true in some (e.g. the social effects of parks in filling the leisure time).

Using seasonal precipitation data of Ahar synoptic station, we have estimated a 47-year period (1960-2006) record fluctuations in this paper. The significance of seasonal changes was evaluated through Mann-Kendal test. Results indicated the significance of winter precipitation. Statistical analyses proved the significance of relationship between seasonal precipitation and tele-connection patterns. In this regard the relation of fall precipitation with atmospheric-oceanic pattern (ENSO) in warm phase causes increased precipitation while causing drought during cold phase (LANINA).The correlation between winter precipitation and tele-connection patterns of North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean fluctuations was also significant. During the negative phases of North Atlantic fluctuations, the increased amounts of entering cyclones to the area causes increased precipitation, whereas in positive phases thanks to the dominance of Azure anticyclone the precipitation reduces.The application and testing of various drought appraisal models also emphasize the fact that drought occurrence in Ahar is irreversible sometimes, and each of the utilized indexes indicate one dimension of seasonal and monthly dry and wet years.

Losses are windy grayish yellow deposits and contain 70 to 90 percent of silt materials.These sediments due can have a remarkable erosive ability.owever they have been considered as permeable soils and the soils saturated by water, mass and sudden movement can potentially be disastrous. Irreparable damages may cause managers and urban planners to be involved with these sediments.Position of Gorgan in a relatively humid region of north-east of the country may affect the current processes of urban development rapidly.Therefore, if there is not a special consideration to potential movement and dynamic of losses in this city, one might expect damages and even financial losses in future.The author who has studied and researched directly in the above area, tries to introduce these destructive properties and potentials in loess for introducing the threats to interested researchers especially managers and urban planners.

In order to review changes to heavy snow in northwestern Iran, daily temperature and rainfall data in 10 synoptic stations, were obtained Iran Metrological center. Statistical analysis and in all stations showed heavy snow in the region with large fluctuations and also its reduction, especially in recent decades. Downtrend in receiving heavy snow for Tabriz and Urmia stations using the rank test MAN- Kendall revealed, but in Ardebil and Khoy such process was not observed. Change and sudden decrease in precipitation and heavy snow, Particularly in Ardebil and Urmia stations are other findings of this study although this change was not significant. Furthermore, review shows that heavy snow in Ardebil, Ahar and Khalkhal stations for few months are more frequently happened than in other stations, so that Ardebil keeps records by receiving 90% of total rainfall as heavy snow in 5 months (Nov. to Mar.).

Urbanization normally is identified with growth and development of any country, so that in some cases the planning development of cities over unstable morphological features of lands might cause many natural limitations. However, determination and classification of morphological features of land and related land uses can reduce geomorphic limitations and hazards. Ahar has located 120 km NE of East Azerbaijan Province center, in a region with many morphological limitations and in a mountainous terrain. In this study, susceptible areas for future development of Ahar were classified on the basis of morphological data of ground surface.One of the widespread tools for decision-making support in the spatial analysis and urban and regional development planning is geographic information system (GIS). With the development of GIS, environmental and natural resource management may use the information systems in which data are more readily accessible, more easily combined and more flexibly modified to meet the needs of environmental and natural resource decision making. GIS was extensively used to identify suitable development zones in Ahar.Visual results showed that most residential areas in future development of the city (about 75% of the area) will face different degrees of morphological limitations.

All of the human activities as appeared are directly or indirectly affected by weather. Agriculture is not exceptional from this rule. In present paper the relation between weather elements and production function of modern beehive has been considered via correlation procedures and regression analysis in Ahar. After determining the correlation between climatic elements with production function of the modern beehive and distinguishing the significant elements through multiple regression analysis and use of the step by step procedure, the most effective elements are extracted and finally led to the model determination.The study of these models identified that among the effective climatic elements, number of the days with 5 mm precipitation mainly in Esfand and the days with 10 mm precipitation in Farvardin have the greatest role in modern beehive production.