GEOGRAPHIC SPACE
Year:2010 | Volume:10 | Issue:32|Papers Count:11

Evaluation plays an important role in the planning process and in the degree of success of any program aimed towards social welfare and sustainable development. There are different techniques and criteria for evaluation. Attempts are made in this study to summarize related techniques in land use planning and evaluated educational land use patterns in the city of Shahroud using GIS. Locational paterns and spatial distribution of educational places in the city are main focuses of the study. Results of this research show suitable condition on basis of quantitative evaluation for three sections (primary, guidance and high schools). As there are more than per capita that use for training spaces (74.13, 76.92, 64.7 for primary, guidance and high schools, respectively), these values are greater than the per capita that are in Shahroud comprehensive plan. In quality evaluation basis on distribution of training space ratio to household in sector and area we identified unsuitable distribution as most of training spaces have been gathered in city center. 24 out of 29 sectors and 12 out of 18 sectors do not have the standards of training spaces for primary and guidance schools respectively. 5 out of 7 areas have lower standard values for high school training spaces. In quality evaluation basis on compatibility and desirability the matrixes are unfavorable (61.53 % in discordant conditional) indifferent (52.77 %) and proper (51.61% in rather compatible) for primary, guidance and high schools. On the basis of favorable training spaces they have suitable conditions but only 2.56%, 2.77% and 3.22% of them have an unfavorable space for primary, guidance and high schools training spaces. And on the basis of access radius, primary schools have unsuitable, and guidance and high school suitable condition. The findings indicate that there is a need for rearrangement of educational land uses to provide equal opportunity and access for all.

The purpose of this research was studying the variation of frost phenomenon and applications of their results in grape, walnut, mulberry and almond production in Ahar in North West Iran. We gathered daily minimum air temperature records of Ahar area from 1986 to 2005 along with fruit production dates. Initially we distinguished 4 detrimental temperature ranges of A, B, C, D and adapted frost days with Julian day-numbers. We calculated parameters and variables such as normal distribution, t distribution and Pearson correlation coefficient, standing average departure index, variations of frost occurrence dates, durations of growth season and the minimum daily temperature all of which influence fruit production. Some of the important results of this research are as follows: If B occurred earlier, it will be harmful for grape production. On the other hand, if the last spring frost occurs lately, grape production rates might increase. The effect of last spring frost on walnut is higher than the first summer frost damages. The variation in mulberry production living during 1-15 May could get it away from frost damage.

Feyzabad is located in the southern parts of Khorasan Razavi Province. It is warm and dry which is general for locations with severe climatic fluctuations in different seasons. For this reason this area was selected for architectural studies associated with climate conditions. This research investigates the climate comfort situation in the period 1986-2005 using physiologic temperature index. Results show that climatic comfort index is short and limited to 39 daily periods in the area under study. The index mostly occurred in the April and October. The contrary thermal conditions are obvious in whole of the year. From the whole year, 135 days has the thermal and dry condition and 74 days are classified cool and very cold conditions.The aim of this research is to apply an optimum environmental potentials for saving energy consumption and increasing of the comfort qualify in the residential locations. With regard to radiation angles, and direction, the useful and harmful wind direction and noticing the importance of shades in the summer, the most suitable direction of building locations in Feyzabad is from 30 degrees of the western south to 70 degrees of the eastern south. The best suitable direction is from south to the 30 degrees of the eastern south. The correct direction for sidewalk and streets is at the first north south direction and the second is from western north to eastern south that is greatly in line with climatic conditions.

Ecotourism is a modern phenomenon in which the tourists' principal motive is observation and pleasure of nature and features and natural-cultural landscapes. We can consider it as one of the new sources of income in the line of sustainable development of our Province. The main object of this research is the examination and evaluation of natural phenomena which are attractive for tourism in order to recognize ecotourism fields and opportunities.Yazd Province with an area of 131.151km2 (the third province from an area view point) and with a population of about 880.000 is situated in the central plateau realm. The average annual rainfall is 107 mm, the average annual temperature is 18°. and the rate of relative humidity is between 30 and 35%. Yazd, as one of the regions with dry climate, has natural, historical and cultural attractions with tourist attraction potentials. The city of Taft with different climatic conditions in comparison with other regions (the average rainfall of 250 mm) and with mountains and a glacier is considered as tourism axis of the province.With regard to ecological capability evaluation, ecotourism potential is obtained with GIS software and with tourism ecological model (Makhdum) in the Tezerjan region. In the mentioned region, areas with centralized outdoor recreation potential of grade 1 have very limited area arising from limitation of soil, water, ground cover, and climate of this region. In the sites 1 and 2, they have a vast outdoor recreational potential of grade 2 and suggested sites 3 and 4 have grade 1 for centralized outdoor recreation.

Social services and facilities status in Ahar county rural settlements represent imbalance and disparity among them and it has lasted for years. This article attempts to measure relative level of development and to identify gap among rural settlements. Target population is situated in north-east of Eastern Azerbaijan Province and include 58622 people, 341 villages and 9 sub districts (which is called Dehestan in Iran).The study applied numerical taxonomy method and 53 variables were selected then were divided into 4 major sectors: Infrastructure, economic, hygienic and social indexes for the year 1385. The results indicated significant differences and heterogeneity in infrastructure, economic and hygienic indexes among sub-districts and there was no any relationship between research variables.

River floodplains are fertilized areas that are most considered by humans, and people always like to develop these areas. Therefore, the conservation and management of this area is most important. In This study for management purposes, the 4.5 Km of Ghezelozan River, was determined as flood hazard zone using HEC-RAS with ArcView and HEC-GeoRAS extension. In order to, do the researches, digital maps in 1:1000 scales was provided and the area of study was classified to 118 cross sections. In the other side the hydrological information determined and the Manning roughness coefficient was estimated using Cawen Method. Finally the flood area and depth maps were provided for 7 different return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 years. Results showed that about 86.14% of the flood prone area to flooding under 25y return period for 200 years. The flood depth maps indicated 57.29% from flood depth of 200 yreturn period belonged to the to flooding under 25y return period.

The recognition of regional lands of Fars province due to their vast expanses for planning purposes of various dimensions (local, regional, national) is of great importance. This research has studied the recognition of climatic regions of Fars province. In order to reach our goal, 25 climatic variables in relation to moisture, heat, precipitation and radiation were used from 18 synoptic meteorological stations. Afterwards, a factor analysis method based on the principal components of the regions and a clustering analysis method in a compound model was used for separation of stretched lands. The study of climatic variables on the basis of principal components analysis showed that there were 3 principals in the climate of Fars province. These principals, in order of importance, are: thermal principal, precipitation principal and principal of summer precipitation, respectively. A clustering analysis on factor amount helped dividing this province to four climatic regions: southern, western, central and northern areas.

Spatial concentration is the geographic distribution of government revenues, industry, commerce and population in one or more locations, resulting in regional inequalities in living conditions. Taking into consideration the cities of Sanandaj, there has not been exception from this principle and the past decades under the effect of different, economic, political, legal and other factors have faced lots of spatial changes. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of concentration politics of administrative-political, economic and service infrastructures on Sanandaj physical extension changes and its spatial structure through recent decades. In this paper, population spatial concentration and activities levels in Sanandaj and its spatial outcomes have been verifird by using descriptive, analytical and statistical methods and the application of models such as Shannon's Entropy Model and Willyamson Index. Research results show that a relatively high concentration administrative infrastructure, political, economic and services in the city of Sanandaj and the surrounding areas have led to population concentration and the incidence of spatial adverse effects such as the chaos and sprawl of physical growth of the city and the resonance of informal settlement phenomenon. In some areas, especially in northern parts of Sanandaj this condition has been clear. Moreover, the spatial distribution analysis of urban land use in Sanandaj indicates unequal distribution of activities and servies between various areas of the city.