URBAN MANAGEMENT
Year:2015 | Volume:14 | Issue:38|Papers Count:27

Physical design is an effort to realize opinions, values, and culture of society so that it can use knowledge and technology for making dynamic, useful, adaptable, sustainable and responsible environment. Recently, these efforts begin better in comparison with past and organization pay more attention to them because optimum physical design make development, sustainable and welfare. This article survey rate of using Iranian Islamic index in physical design of Kurdistan province peripheral villages; For this goal at first Iranian Islamic physical design, indexes extract in three dimension: cultural-social, economic and ecological. After that, we selected 30 villages through 72 peripheral villages. The method of research is descriptive-analytical with using SPSS and GIS. The result of research show that Iranian Islamic indexes did not use in physical design of case study villages. This issue makes many problems. Finally, the suggestions present for improving physical design process according Iranian Islamic values.

Compilation of administrative plans and implementation of strategies is almost among the concerns of the managers and programmers. Deduction of plans from development master and minor plans is too much time-consuming. Moreover, areas of activity and types of medium for tourism are extremely various; therefore, in many tourism centers, development programmers compile criteria and indices calling them tourism per capita. In this article, attempts have been made to compile some of the more related per capita to tourism industry.

Today human is engaged with a great crisis as a result of his unbalancing the life, neglecting indigenous and environmental factors, and hegemonic behavior toward nature. This has ended to creation of an approach called sustainable development whose main aims are to meet the essential needs, improvement of life quality, and better management of ecosystems. Obviously it is meaningless to discuss sustainability and sustainable development in the absence of cities and urban life. Cities are counted for as the main reasons for unsustainability the world over, however urban sustainability and global sustainability are the same concepts. Therefore, knowing key elements to reach this station is necessary, whereas recognition and prioritization of effective key elements in sustainable development is strategic and entails economic, social, and health-related results in the sequence of time. The current study is descriptive-analytic in which attempts have been made to estimate the importance of main indices of sustainable development based on the opinions of elites using a fuzzy hierarchical analysis process technic. Analysis of the data shows that from among main indices, urban health, desirable governmental system, and sustainable environment are respectively of the highest importance.

Rural governance is Modern process that has principles, criteria and indicators different from the Approaches of their previous rural management Caused In the empowerment of rural areas residents in different field. The most important Principles, criteria and indicators of good governance, rural Consist of are) Rural residents’ popular participation, Accountability, accountability, and respect for the rule of existing laws, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, fairness and equality, communitarians (collective agreement). This study is a qualitative and fundamental research (Theoretical) and have been conducted based on the documents (Library). The results of reviews Theoretical approach to rural good governance in the rural development of management indicates that This approach with the principles, criteria and indicators are listed could be a good approach in the rural management of modern and essential role in the sustainable development of political, economic, social, physical,. spatial and rural development managed

Concept of responsiveness is gradually undergoing evolution, changing from protection of wealth to management and then responsiveness in response to the outcomes gained. Also transformations in the governments; role in management of societies’ affairs, has given rise to the budget planning and financial management alterations. Increase in “economic efficiency”, “efficiency”, and “effectiveness” of budget, increases responsible persons’ responsiveness versus their more power in decision-making, leading governments to be convinced to implement such an order. Existence of a master budget law, defining and ratification of aims and activities of different organs if the government by the law-makers considering the rule of law, implementing auditing order based on performance, giving enough power to the legislative assembly, and government’s reciprocity, are all legal bases for to implement administrative budget planning, which are studied in this article while they are not completely met in the country’s provisions because of structural and legal problems.

Current problems of urban planning and architecture, the lack of detailed knowledge about the future of cities and architecture; If today is the result of foresight in the past; After numerous bugs in the way of planning and urban planners in the past for the future of our understanding of the time there. This show that the future of urban planning and architecture necessary to develop a special place that marks the future prospects of architecture and urban planning. In this paper, the fundamental approach to descriptive and documentary epistemology future and the future of cities and urban planning studies are discussed. Logical and rational analysis has benefited from the analysis. The findings of the new planning system using the methods of modern urbanism and architecture futures pointed. The planning process is traditional, linear and is composed of 6 stages. The process is centered on the past to predict the future trends that any emphasis on batch processes, which may not occur in the future. Scenarios for the future and portfolio-based scripting variables in another important step in the future of a new approach to planning; the necessary precautionary measures necessary to deal with any future might be considered in the future.

The growth of knowledge-based approaches to architecture and urban planning on the one hand and comprehensive look at the preparation for the formation of learning cities and on the other hand, refers to the necessity. In order to be considered inclusive knowledge-based infrastructure of cities is essential. This paper presents the theory of analytical methods and the analytical approach has explanatory. The results of the concepts, principles, conditions and infrastructure development of cities and towns in science and technology educators point. In the end, in order to enhance their strategies and recommendations will be discussed.

The maximum enjoyment of citizenship, social interactions and exchanges at all levels of planning and urban design is a very comprehensive; if this increase in quality of life and citizen satisfaction has led to the development of cities will be responsive to the people involved. However, in modern times, social interaction and communication, especially in developing countries is declining; And has become one of the problems of Third World cities. On the other hand, Gorgan is an old neighborhood social interactions, especially in newer neighborhoods of the day is declining. The methodology of this study, survey data collection tool questionnaire and field is that the method of statistical analysis is also used. Therefore, in this study, a social factor in the old quarters of the city of Gorgan new door has been paid to the neighborhood. The study randomly assigned 120 families who live in this neighborhood, they have chosen. And Using spss software involvement, their social interactions and communication is studied. The results show that the level of communication, participation and social interaction in the neighborhood of Gorgan new door has been above average. The solutions are presented in increasing the level of social interaction.

In the Safavid era, meaningful communication and interaction with the physical and spiritual themes of mysticism cognitive and semiotic approach from the perspective of urban architecture with other physical elements of urban architecture in the city is linked. And Show the link and send a continuum, and meaningful communication and coordination with the physical structure and the Iranian-Islamic architecture. As has long been admirable in form and meaning of architecture, based on the richness of the land that carry semiotic dimensions of spiritual values is manifested. Iranian traditional architecture, particularly in the Islamic era, in addition to functional and decorative principles, concepts of religious expression vehicle has. As a result, Islamic architecture has a close relationship between form and meaning is created. In this paper, analytic and structural analysis in the analysis stage, the semiotics approach is an attempt to describe the process of creating meaning and implications of mystical practices, the architecture of the Safavid to be reviewed. The results show that the architecture of the Safavid era, especially in the city, each of the components are independent with respect to the carrying capacity of meaning, evokes the themes of the mystical have. In addition, several buildings in the city, located in a continuous chain that ultimately creates a sense of deeper meaning in the metropolis causes cognitive and mysticism are closely related themes.

Identity and neighborhood-based cultural and historical architectural design and construction of the most important topics in the field of Genealogy of analysis in the era of globalization and technological development requires consistent feedback and interaction architecture, style and technology is; If, today, the application of scientific knowledge in the design and architecture of the city is one of the tools of modern urban planning. The rapid advancement of technology and its impact on the construction of cities and towns can change the orientation of technological determinism and simple as a habitual behavior has been dominant. Lack of coordination requires the use of technology in the fields of architecture and identity oriented architecture that has been mentioned in this article. This study was conducted analytical and logical reasoning Analysis of Data and Documents library studies benefited. The results of this study suggest that the use of modern technologies in construction, infrastructure compatibility and similarity of culture and identity is of utmost importance. Because the complexity of manufacture and urban architecture shows that technology is the foundation and basis for the structure of the city; Although it helps to build the architecture and the city, but only to provide adequate facilities and various and diverse needs of not culture and identity. Public understanding of science and intelligent use of technology in dealing with identity, with emphasis on the historical background, cultural, social and environmental impact will be on understanding and explaining urban phenomenon.

One type of social dilemmas is giving priority to the interests of individual or collectivity. If one ask ‘why citizens prefer their individual interests to collective interests when they face conflict between them?’, we can identify incidence and prevalence of disorders at different phases of the social body as possible influencing factors. Analytically, the collective interests is partitioned into three level (family, neighbors, citizens) based on hierarchy of structural inclusion and each of them is partitioned into the four phases based on Parsons AGIL framework (Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, and Latency). Relying on extensive theoretical discussions, the factors affecting the priority of individual interests over collective interests were diagnosed according to the collective interests at all levels and phases of the study. 400 Zanjan citizens who were selected with disproportionate sampling method answered to structured questionnaire items about the quantity of the mentioned factors. Results showed that 48 percent of variations in the primacy of the individual interests over private interests are predicted by four identified factors (normative disorders, relational disorders, lack of self-regulation, and the lack of identification). At first, the “normative disorder” and then “relational disorders” are effective factors in increasing the priority of individual interests over collective interests, especially in the “urban” are.

The use of green roofs in architecture and town planning is an important consideration. The use of green roofs and facades covered in most European countries and America States has grown substantially. The main reasons for the addition of architectural aesthetics topics, respond to factors such as insulation (heat, moisture and sound) Natural building, the use of dead space in the roof to create a pleasant atmosphere and the creation of eye-catching facade combined with the nature of man, helping to reduce atmospheric pollution and increasing the proportion of oxygen in the air, and so on. On the other hand, a lead to increased stability of buildings with green roofs and rain is torrential rains and management. Most developed countries have taken steps in this direction; the need to be inclusive of interest in this issue. In this paper, a method of logical analysis and documentation to evaluate and develop solutions Green roofs in the garden of urban spaces, especially - School discussed. In the end, several strategies have been discussed in this context.

Today, in terms of interaction between physical activity and meaning to have a significant continuum of how spaces are used by citizens is the concept of paradigms and theoretical approaches to design of urban spaces. It is necessary in the field of urban planning and management of the city’s architects and designers. On the other hand, access to the redesigned, re-evaluation procedures for citizens of urban areas can also contribute to the design of responsive environments, the lack of space use by citizens and non-animated production spaces and prevent inefficient. In this paper, the origin of the types of behavior and behavioral bases of their compliance with the properties of space has been redesigned again. The analytic and argument based on logic and documentation methods employed. In the end, pointing to the open standards and urban spaces in contemporary furniture design again to set the criteria mentioned and the origin of these methods to the design of each is briefly analyzed.

Throughout history and around the world, roles, needs and potential and actual capacities as worthy citizens are not considered. There is an undeniable connection with the duties of citizens because of their natural resources and the environment; and so closely tied to nature. Because of problems such as poverty, lack of access to education and environmental awareness and the need to manage, despite their power, they are able to play an important role in the proper way. The analytical methods of citizen participation in environmental management are discussed. Research and policy analysis to provide solutions and organized to promote citizen participation in environmental improvement are discussed. Our results show that the “psychological consequences of citizens’ manage backup, creating and feel” Partnership “which provides for citizens, and they will lead to more participation. On this basis we can say that the contributions of a mental and emotional involvement of citizens in group situations that infuriate them to achieve the goals of the group help. And responsibilities are shared. “Participatory Environmental Management” is three demands: “Structure and process orientation.” This means that if the participation of local civil society in the form of pro features of the organizational structure of environmental management to the administrators of people to the issues of environment in ecosystem decision processes real participation process should operate urban reveal. Likelihood of success in improving and enhancing the quality of the environment will increase.

Beliefs and ritual pervasive role in the transformation of urban spaces on the one hand, and their reliability and durability on the other hand, have had. If today we can influence the structure and configuration of beliefs and ritual observed. On the other hand, the mourning and quite over time in the context of cultural and physical structure existed as a cultural element is eternal and everlasting. In this paper, the reasons for the persistence of the Tkaya are quite historically paid. This study is a descriptive analysis of the “meta analysis methods” and “instruments” for approval “content validation study” is used. The findings show that there is a spiritual sense of the sacred and especially the ideas in each area, and the complex biological environment of the neighborhood and the neighborhood villages and cities can help to “eternal” and the space environment and sustainable development of the place and is eternal. “Sense of place” to “settings” it depends. The relationship between the three levels of meaning as “syntactic meaning”, “meaning of the concept” and “functional significance” can be outlined: (A) - “means the way” to the location of the Hosseine in the city such as grammar points. (B)- “conceptual level” means the norms, values and attitudes that are offering rooms, that can be the result of people’s beliefs and convictions Shiite leader of the free world to the server and Imam Hussein. (C)- “functional significance” to the users of the Tkaya and exploit the people will. The sample can be any day of mourning in the mosque and the people associated with these spaces and reception.

Subject of the paper is structure of city in contemporary poetry. The study sought to answer the question of what the contemporary poets thought functions. It is hypothesized that the poets of the political situation, social, cultural, have certain items that are special And his thoughts poured into the city or to have founded the city and Utopia. The research method is descriptive - analytical research and data collection tools: library studies and documents have benefited. In this study, also using text analysis method, first of all components that were associated in some way with the subject of books as text, data collection, and analysis were investigated. Procedures governing the contemporary poetry of the city and its concept are described briefly.

The design patterns and matching local housing construction and development of urban spaces and urban design patterns climate issues is important. This is an important monuments and buildings that are consistent with the Climatology and local characteristics of each region must be under the influence of positivist approaches; Always, the emphasis on “science” of urban design and architecture of local housing. In this article by documents and studies on local housing and urban field studies on the formation of local and indigenous housing specifically referenced in Kerman. Finally, the social and environmental aspects of urban planning and design, native housing in the city of Kerman; And in the tables of the models and analysis of local housing is Kerman.

Unfortunately, most of the cities without regard to principles of passive defense designed and planned. On the other hand there is a wide range of military threats and valuable resources in the country have caused more and more attention is focused on passive defense approach. It is important to rebuild their destroyed cities with the approach of passive defense is impossible. But this would not stop the application of these principles in urban planning and urban design in the country. It is necessary to extract the principles of architecture and urban planning approach based on passive defense of the status quo option be considered. The aim of this approach is the extraction of urban cellular design principles consistent with the needs and specific circumstances of the country’s passive defense; to the field of new settlements and towns in the country’s stability.

Today, the concept of justice as essential in the process of urban planning and management of metropolitan areas is considered. The emergence of concepts such as justice, fairness and social justice and the environment is similar to this. However, dealing with the concept of perspective and allocation policies and action plans in this regard seems to be quite necessary. This study of the theoretical foundations, and in the expression of analytical results, the secondary analysis; The study includes a set of tools for data collection and statistical reports Statistical Center of Iran and Tehran Municipality has benefited in 22 districts of the municipality. Following the concept of justice in the 4 components: providing fair housing, providing adequate access to services, the provision of facilities (opportunity) for all and fairness in the distribution of resources is evaluated; Finally, in contrast to the expression of the 22 districts, several measures related to the realization of justice is mentioned.

This research attempts to investigate the level of willingness to participation in management and development of a neighborhood park among visitors of neighborhood parks of urban areas in Tehran .To study this issue, Robert Dahl’s theory and the theory of reasoned action has been used. To response the main question of the study, namely the willingness to participation and factors affecting it, this study used a questionnaire on 400 visitors of neighborhood parks by the cluster sampling and simple random sampling in 2013. In this research we examined the relationship of variables attitude toward participatory behavior, subjective norms, the imagination of a person of the importance of participation, his imagination of his skills and expertise, the amount of time dedicated, financial incentives, confidence to the performance of municipal with dependent variable of willingness to participation. The results demonstrated the level of willingness to participation (in the range 15 to 75) is 50.29 and that is moderate to high. Among the factors that influence the willingness to participation, Factors such as attitude toward participatory behavior, imagination of a person of his skills and expertise, the amount of time dedicated and financial incentives have the greatest impact on willingness to participation.