URBAN MANAGEMENT
Year:2015 | Volume:13 | Issue:37|Papers Count:25

It's not too hard to see how urbanization and boost of vehicle production have been increasing the tendency toward using private vehicles in decades. Consequently, demand rate have been increased and, now, traffic jam is an inseparable part of urban road networks. Therefore, beside demand management policies, expanding roads' capacity is also inevitable. Although road capacity could be easily increased by adding new lanes in past, various limitations make building multilevel roads more popular rather than constructing additional lanes in many metropolitans. In this paper, authors try to determine effective factors in urban multilevel road feasibility studies by studying other countries' experiences and designing a questionnaire based on collected data. Transportation and urban design experts are asked to fill the questionnaires and the factors are classified and prioritized by factor analysis. The results illustrate that "Road level of service in peak hours", "Historical places' preservation", "Noise pollution", "Capital cost", "protecting urban linear centers", "Number of bottlenecks", "safety considerations (number of accidents)", and "Link's daily volume" are the best 8 chosen factors for further studies. These factors could cover 30 proposed measures without wasting time and money.

Natural hazards because of the severity and impact on communities in short time, have become one of the main concerns of planners and city managers in recent years, and we should notice that the earthquake is the most probable and destroyer hazard in our country. At the time of the earthquake, the first minutes and hours after the fact is extremely important, therefore strengthening the communities have a greater role in reducing risks, and this is accomplished only through education, preparation and adoption of the disaster, which should be achieved on behalf of the citizens. Resilience as a good way to reduce risks resulting from hazards and disasters, is selected as the research approach. Having introduced the resilience and identification of its dimensions, and social factors of approach, some strategies are provided for reducing earthquake risks with an emphasis on social factors resiliency in District 22 of Tehran in this paper. Therefore, after the choice of social indicators which affects on resiliency of District 22, with census data of 1390, interviews conducted officials and questionnaires distributed among 96 residents to check the status of the index in this area are discussed. According to data analysis through SPSS software and content analysis of the interviews that conducted, the results of this study demonstrated adequate situation of indicators such as age, education level, attachment to place in the region and also it represents that there are plans for improvement of public participation and dissemination of hazards information, understanding and knowledge of risk, although indicators such as residents' attitude to risk and situation of specific groups needs more attention. Based on the current situation, some strategies are provided in order to strengthen the resiliency of District22.

Maybe the main reason for this article is the analysis of the potentials of the historical areas of Iran and the presentation of the suggestive solutions for making the mentioned potential actual in which the result of this subject helps for the dynamism and restoration of historical areas of Iran .In recent years the municipal organizations and the urban populousnesss offices have been unkind to these historical areas that are found as damaged areas. The prepared article is the result of the analysis which has presented the subject as an example (the footpath of Tarbiat) which contains the extensive researches of acquaintance, support, pathology, planning and remedy Then the scientific and practical soketions related to the revival with the historical extremity of country are suggested in comparison with the other cases in Iran and all over-the world. We hope that this research would be written after the expert criticism and consideration and be able to provide the background for the custody and keeping the valuable identities of the historical cities, and this goal is not archived Unless we have the effort and assistance of the mentioned organizations The exact awareness of the people from this issue and the sympathetic view of the responsible in the historical cities of Iran.

The current study aims at recognizing the spatiotemporal models of commitment of crimes related to drugs in Urban Spaces of Region 16 of Tehran Metropolis, and also the affecting factors in commitment of crime, in due to control and prevent criminal behaviors in urban spaces. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data are collected through observation and documentary methods. Sample population context is the region 16 of Tehran, where statistical questionnaires and spatial and positional functions in ArcG1S software are used for the analysis of results. Temporal analysis results show that on Thursdays' noon at 12o’clock with redundancy of 4 to 5 crime commitments are the peak time for the crimes related to drugs in region 1, most of which (65.5 percent) are committed in northern and east-northern parts of the region. However, results of statistical crimes categorized into crimes related to drugs show a different spatial model of crime in region 16. Comparison of spatial models of drug-related crime commitments to the neighbor space of the South Terminal and Park Be'sat and temporal models present that criminals abuse the crowd of stranger population like the passengers and those alien to urban spaces, or some out-of-control spaces of park Be’sat as a. means of reaching the aims for criminals.

More concentration of development in cities and more attention to their physical and geometric aspects at the expense of their social goals have faced them with imbalance socioeconomic and environmental problems and created many challenges in terms of poverty, crime and delinquency, cultural conflicts, quality life decline and social disruption. Sustainable development approach usually considers small unit of urban spatial structure, namely the neighborhood, in planning and urban management of cities and tries to identity existing potentials across the neighborhood regarding its social dimension to restore and improve existing conditions and make it more flexible and resilience to future i problems. In this regard, residents' attitudes towards the neighborhood are great important because their views reflect general conditions of the neighborhood and more details of their own living environment. Moreover, people’s perception of the neighborhood can clarify the reality of the environment, those aspects which are so important in the direction of social planning. In this regard, the main aim of this study is to identify the level of social sustainability at the neighborhood regarding the views crus residents. The results can pave the way for some strategies to restore and refresh social sustainability. The main research strategy is quantitative which utilizes an analytical method based on the correlation analysis to identify and asses social sustainability measurements of the neighborhood. Based on the results, all criteria have a direct impact on the neighborhood social sustainability, but the intensity of their impact is different. In this respect, satisfaction, social security and social stability measurements have the highest correlation with the concept of social sustainability in the neighborhood. This means that they were recognized by the residents as the most effective factors affecting the level of social sustainability in Faizabad neighborhood.

Transportation conditions for Perishable goods are very important. This importance is Because of food hygiene and because of waste reduction. One of prerequisite for planning a cold chain transportation of perishable cargo is demand estimation. For this Propose, this paper is studying behavior of transportation of perishable goods by estimating demand model. The model which is estimated for each of the provinces use panel data. The results show that for every one person increase in province's population, one million rials increase in province's real GDP and for one ton increase in province's milk production perishable cargo transportation demand increases by 78.5, 18.49 and 91738.8 ton-kilometer respectively. On the other side, for every one thousand ton increase in province's meat production, one thousand ton increase in province's poultry production and finally one rial increase in ton kilometer transportation real fare perishable cargo transportation demand decreases by 604516.5, 81006.3 and 309386.3 .ton-kilometer.

Outdoor in terms of major element of nature as something complicated. Open space and its relation to the environment, although the exact language is unique in different climates; But a deeper look at the fundamental differences can be found. Lack of attention to these fundamental differences and structural differences on the one hand and the other with issues of rural architecture planning is very important. The results of this study indicate a more comprehensive concepts and approaches Planning Manager and Safety - Environment in the open spaces of rural settlements is often beyond the scope of internal spaces. In the village you can see more outdoor function that has a role in some cases of importance is nearly closed space. That is why in many cases the organic process of the formation of these two types of space and can be mixed to form an integral knew none of them have dominion. However, methods, models and effects of each of the management practices and. planning approaches to explain the status of open spaces on three roles provide key open spaces roles climate - environment and health - health and above all the role of conservationists' emphasis. It is proposed to include in the planning of open spaces under consideration are rural settlements: Necessary form of social organization of space, especially in rural open spaces, architectural design rules and guidelines rural settlements; Standards and guidelines development and implementation in rural areas.

In addition to the feature story narrative means to express concepts related to the themes that are of particular cultural and historical impression is left. If it is accepted that the architecture of the historical and cultural developments of the summit and is influenced history, We can review the literature on the effectiveness of the architecture and vice versa, the issue seems inevitable; If a written clarification of the type described concepts such as buildings, in line with the attitude of architecture at the same time. In the theoretical literature research study, descriptive and inferential analysis of the cognitive, developmental and structural analysis method is It emerged that the foundations and principles of hermeneutics and result of the relationship between literature and architecture and urban continuum or how likely benefited. The results show that the interpretive hermeneutic dialogue and mutually description artist reveals that after the operation there. Artist (whether in architecture or in fiction) needs interpreter also needs to detail and artistic practice needs to fulfill description. Reveal the differences in the interpretation of art and artistic practice, but should not cause two minds cognitive boost. The concept of commitment phenomenal concepts, historical interest, momentum and continuity, dialectical relationships, and ideas from the literature on architecture and architectural in narrative fiction, in various ways, and refers to the summit.

The central aim of this paper is the evaluation of social belonging and social factors affecting the citizens of District 22 of Tehran (social cohesion, social trust, social participation, solidarity and cohesion, neighborhood) are. According to the sociological approach, the major theoretical developments in this category based on a combination of theories of thinkers such as Durkheim, Simmel, Parsons, Inglehart and Putnam, Fukuyama, Huntington Sap and Harvd and investigated. Questionnaire and interview-based survey of 250 residents over 18 years or district 22 of Tehran were selected by multistage sampling and data were collected. Validity and reliability were confirmed. The results showed that the citizens of the community who are less than 22 quarters. As well as social cohesion, social trust, social participation, solidarity and community cohesion in neighborhoods increases, increases social belonging to neighborhood residents.

This study examined the relationship between organizational justice and accountability of malayer municipality staff. Data collection methods included library research and survey questionnaire to find any significant and meaningful relationship between the independent variable, organizational justice as well as its three dimensions such as distributive, procedural and interactional justice, and that of the dependent variable, employees’ responsibility. A sample of 201 employees was randomly selected from among a population of 411 staff working in malayer municipality. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and spearman correlation coefficients as well as the K-M test were used. The results indicated that the highest correlation between the levels of independent variable and the dependent variable to interactive justice which showed of 0.369.

The modern state is a renewable and evolutionary phenomenon. and it cannot be evaluated so that it has Single Cause. Therefore none of the fields of the Human Sciences alone cannot fully explain the emergence of the modern state without interaction with other disciplines; Political superstructure in various countries, primarily influenced by the social and cultural systems of communities as the cornerstone of the governance structure and then it is based on, a special financial and economic approach; Economic indicator and financial components of each society in conjunction with the social, political, legal and executive structures play a significant role in the development of the modern state. In other words, the form and content of the governance system has a meaningful relationship with the economic and financial characteristics of that state and the attitude of state to wards concepts such as the market, movement of capital, and potential role of government in the economy. In this article we will present a conceptual analysis of the state and explain development of state in the Iranian society and then we will analyze the evolution and transformation of the state from the perspective of most distinctive economic features and financial characteristics.

There is a bias for transformation of villages to towns in the developing countries because it is thought that small towns have roles in the national, regional and local development. This research based on studying in Dailaman district is going to assess local residents' attitude to transformation of villages to towns in achievement of the development. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Required information was collected through the library and field studies. The main tool for data collection was a researcher-designed questionnaire. For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Although both groups of respondents comment on the failure of the policy of transformation of villages to towns, the extent of its effects in the region has been different according to the settlements. It means the extent of its effects in the town, is more than the villages. Thus, there is a meaningful difference between two groups' attitude about the policy of the transformation of villages to towns in the development according to the settlements (villages or towns). The extent of its effects has been varied in different dimensions. The greatest impact has been on the social- cultural dimensions and then physical- environmental dimensions and in the end, economical dimensions.

The transition process from rural to urban areas in the fringe of Tehran metropolis, or in other words peri-urbanization has had a rapid growth in recent decades. One of the forces contributing to such evolutions is the growth control and containment policies assigned to the city which consist of large scale measures such as green-belt definitions along with small scale measures such as urban development regulations and. Outward spillover from population centers with firm growth control policies to spaces without such policies has resulted in growth peri-urbanization, especially in its southern areas. This research aims to analyze the transition of development spillover resulted from growth control to peri-urbanization in the metropolitan fringe of Tehran which takes place in case such political fragmentation through the local governance territories in the region. This analysis is based on the demographic changes in settlements in Tehran’s metropolitan fringe in 1996 to 2006.Result indicates that peri-urban settlements in Tehran metropolitan region have rapid sporadic growth. If this trend continues, the necessities of competiveness and functional interactions have created a kind of division of labour among the settlements within the region.

Public domain in this paper is about to study encounter method with urban problem in urban management system and its impact on human communities. This desseration is about to explain Iran’s urban development system and Prevalent urban development plans corresponding to urban problem, and aims to achieve a theoretical framework in order to clarify this subject and specifically the reasons why usual urban development plans are inefficient. An urban problem somehow is a sign of development system inefficiency. In other words, an urban problem is a problem which urban community is dealing with and urban development system is not able to solve and are specifically in the realm of urban development system. During the years, failure of urban development system and urban development plans in solving Iran’s urban problem has left a pile of unsolved problems which is a very important key point. This subject can be analyzed from different angels. The main reasons for failure of this system lie in principles of development system policy making which use the planning paradigm approach and comprehensive plans which are continued by comprehensive and detailed plans. In this desseration we aim to explain the principles of policy making for Iran's development system by planning paradigm approach by clarifying urban issue in Iran and dimensions derived from it and specify reasons to this failure. Also, the present thesis will employ analytical descriptive methodology, literature, sources and visual documentaries review in the context of library research as well as survey, case study and also interview, questioner and unfolding the context of field studies. In the next step, analyze of this research's findings is considered as the basis of problem solving framework and is continued finding a new pattern in solving urban issues.

The emergence of modern architecture in cities in developing countries due to changing social structures of the societies; if the height of buildings in major cities, building density, population density and other factors has caused our people has increased communication and social interaction is reduced. Increased social interaction promote a sense of vitality, increase social trust, increase cultural participation, reducing the seismic mass. The research design is based on collectivism and its impact on increasing interaction and physical factors affecting social interactions were detected to the understanding of urban design and architecture of collectivism and social recognition feature spaces we find the desired objectives. The study found that despite increased social interaction in public spaces in cities and residential neighborhoods are.

Attention to the issue of urban housing problems in the housing sector in Iran, a number of organizations responsible for housing management and The potential capacity of municipalities to promote their role with regard to the status of the country and Lack of appropriate research activities and scientific space of the other countries in this field; The researchers decided to do some research to improve the technical capacity of Tehran city's housing management Thus, by studying the experiences of other countries and interviews with officials and experts in this matter, management of urban housing in the next 6 includes: Planning, land supply, financing. Directing and controlling the construction, housing policy and organizing and leading actors were explored, Available capacity and may Tehran; the size of the population of the municipality of Tehran, Department of Urban and non-experts in the organization is measured. The results of the collection and analysis of data shows that the existing capacity of Tehran in all aspects of housing management has been below average. While it is possible to improve the capacity of Tehran in housing management has been above average. This indicates the possibility of increasing responsibility in the management of Tehran urban housing.

The study aimed to evaluate and prioritize the key factors influencing the increase in the quality of higher education and provide optimized solutions were performed. Research is Applied and exploration and the survey was conducted. The population consists of all the teachers and students of Tehran University of Educational Sciences and Urban Development, and teacher training are BS. For this purpose, a questionnaire has been closed for five options. It was estimated sample size of 300 subjects were selected using stratified sampling. It was estimated sample size of 300 subjects were selected using stratified sampling. To analyze the obtained data, inferential statistics (software SPSS, Excel and Lisrel) was used, the results showed. Organizational safety climate and benefit from effective management; Selection of experienced teachers to teach; Changes in admissions; Using. Modern methods of teaching and the use of technology to improve teaching and curriculum with an emphasis on entrepreneurship in the School of Education and Planning, University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modarres and BS Of the instructors and students to what extent the quality of education is effective.

Sustain the quality and integrity of the body that coordinates the urban landscape context of leads. This will create a sense of historical continuity and cultural impact and this in turn affected by the construction conditions and social values that are of interest to architects and builders. In good ability to adapt to changing needs and circumstances change, it is economical: The task of urban design objective was to ensure that the physical change in the socio-cultural expectations of the citizens of the city landscape is harmony. The overall context of a continuous and without disturbance to the quality of the public realm in creating adapt to new conditions. This architecture-oriented urban areas are important in this paper is descriptive and analytical methods in data gathering tool, library and documentary studies examined; the recommendations and suggestions of some of the conditions of contemporary globalization era briefly mentioned in the circular.

Today, with the proliferation of natural disasters on the one hand, and extended meaning of "commerce" On the other hand, the establishment of communication and crisis management in electronics, Development and crisis management in commerce system design must be considered, especially in big cities is urban planning and management. On the other hand, the application of ICT as a tool tor coordinated and continuous service to the public, municipalities suitable for creating electronic has been provided; If the rate of formation of m-commerce services and decision-making to managers and consequently the rate of increase in critical condition. Accordingly, it must be said that the design of software systems, including database systems and expert systems can help managers and decision makers, in a limited time, make more rational decisions. The purpose of this paper is to design a management information system that is critical to commerce information system designed according to the characteristics common to all crises. This system is used for the design of UML. To reach a consensus for the design of practical examples, which are in fact the basis of information system, the Business Function / Entity Type Analysis and design of a system matrix, is used. Output in the form of three topics "recognition site", "transport and rescue victims" and "first aid" and a Once Upon a "start practicing".

Architects and urban planners have lately shown interest in increasing social interaction in a neighborhood scale. In recent years, places called "Community Place" are initialized in Tehran neighborhoods too. A community place is where community members find the opportunity to develop close-knit relationships and interact with each other. In architecture, this opportunity can originate from meeting a mandatory requirement, proceed through community members' interaction and develop to social and cultural bonds between the neighborhood residents. These are the community members who define the kind and level of the interaction. This study aimed to identify strategies for better functioning community places by means of goal oriented architecture. Through trips to community places in three neighborhoods in Tehran as well as observations and deep interviews with top social-cultural affairs authorities and comments received from local residents, Community places' function was evaluated and solution to improve their function was proposed. It was concluded that the most efficient strategy is to create a multi-purpose or multi-functional space in which at least one mandatory requirement is met.