JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:89 |Papers Count:17

Background: Several studies have been done on social support and emotion regulation strategies, but the impact of social support and emotion regulation strategies on predicting mental health of people with multiple sclerosis has been neglected. Aims: The effect of social support and emotion regulation strategies on predicting mental health of people with multiple sclerosis. Method: This was a correlational study. The population consisted of all those who referred to Sina Sclerosis Medical Center in spring(2018), 200 were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (Reef, 1989), Cognitive Emotion Regulation (GARNFEIGS, 2001) and Social Support (Zimman, 1988). Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that, at the level of (p< 0/01) perceived social support and emotion regulation styles explained psychological well-being variance. It was also found that cognitive styles of emotion regulation and perceived social support had a weak to moderate correlation at the level (p< 0/05). Conclusions: Social support and cognitive emotion regulation styles were able to predict psychological well-being in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Internet addiction can cause psychological damage. Various variables can contribute to internet addiction, such as quality of life, life satisfaction, and stress coping strategies. The research question is whether stress coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life and life satisfaction with internet addiction? Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting internet addiction based on quality of life and life satisfaction with mediating role of stress coping strategies. Method: The present research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students at Allameh Tabataba'i and Al-Zahra Universities in the year 2018-19. The sampling method was available in which 300 students were selected as sample group based on admission and exit criteria. Research tools were Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1996), World Health Organization Quality Questionnaire (1996), Diener et al. Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1985), and Billings and Mouse Coping Strategies Questionnaire (1981). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis. Results: The results showed that all variables of the research except for the emotion-focused coping strategy had a significant negative relationship with internet addiction. The results of the path analysis indicated that the model fit in well, in which both quality of life and life satisfaction directly and indirectly (through stress coping strategies) predicted Internet addiction (p< 0/001). Conclusions: Quality of life and life satisfaction appear to play a key role in Internet addiction, along with other factors, including how to deal with individual problems, and the need to pay attention to these factors in prevention programs.

Background: Several studies have investigated the effect of communication and schema therapy on couple's fear of intimacy. But there is a research gap on the effectiveness of integrated communication skills training and schema therapy on women's fear of intimacy. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of integrated communication skills and schema therapy on fear of intimacy in women referred to Isfahan clinics. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was all women referred to counseling clinics in Isfahan in winter of 2018. Thirty subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n= 15). Research tools are: Dekatner & Telen (1991) Intimacy Fear Questionnaire (FIS) and Taheri Integrated Skills Therapy and Schema Therapy Sessions Taheri (2015). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Communication Skills and Schema Therapy training had an effect on fear of intimacy in Isfahan clinics (p< 0/05). Conclusions: Fear of intimacy of women referred to Isfahan clinics based on communication skills and schema therapy was improved.

Background: Numerous studies have been carried out to identify the factors influencing the choice of field of study for ninth grade students. But in the field of qualitative research and the role of childhood in selecting the field of study, there is a vacuum in the context of the country. Aims: The purpose of this study was to Qualitative Study of the Role of Pre-school and Elementary School periods on Field Selection of educational for ninth grade students. Method: This study was a qualitative and data-based theory. The statistical population consisted of The ninth grade students one of the schools in district 2 of Tehran city were academic year1395-96, 16 were selected by theoretical sampling method. The data were collected through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed by method of Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results: Factors obtained in the pre-school period include pursuing interests and abilities and preparing the environment for the emergence of one's interests and abilities. In the elementary school period, the content factors include individuals’ experiences and relatives’ behavioral reactions, and in the section of the process factors associated with this period, the axial codes were observe and modeling (influence of others) and internalization. Conclusions: In the pre-school period, families and relatives are effective in creating and pursuing one's desires and abilities, during elementary school due to increasing age and more complex cognitive processes, as well as school entry. Factors are becoming more diverse.

Background: Several studies have been conducted on the impact of acceptance-based and cognitive-behavioral therapy. But research comparing the efficacy of acceptance-based and commitment-based therapy and positive cognitivebehavioral therapy on pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic pain remains neglected. Aims: To compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment based therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic pain. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a 3-month-old instructor with 3 witnesses. The statistical population consisted of all patients with chronic pain referred to Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran in summer of 2019. 45 patients were selected as the sample and randomly assigned to one of the two groups. Research tools are: Nicholas Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (2007), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention (Hayes et al., 2013) and Positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Ben Nink, 2014). Descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis were used. Results: There was a significant difference between acceptance and commitment based therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy with the control group in pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic pain (P< 0/001). But there was no significant difference between acceptance and commitment based therapy and positive cognitivebehavioral therapy in pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic pain (P< 0/05). Conclusions: Acceptance and commitment based therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapies are important in increasing my pain self-efficacy.

Background: Several studies have investigated the relationship between executive functions of the brain with resilience in athletes, but there is controversy regarding research on the role of components of executive functions in brain through mediating the research gap resilience. Aims: To investigate the success of professional chess players influenced by the role of components of executive functions of the brain by investigating the mediating resilience. Method: The research design was descriptive correlational The statistical population of all professional chess players was Iranian rating by the relevant federation in 2017-2018. 545 individuals were selected as sample through available sampling method. Research tools include the Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale (1979– 1991), the Continuous Audiovisual Performance Test (American Psychiatric Association, 2002), the London Shales Tower Test (1982), and the Chess Athletes Rating Score. Data analysis was performed using factor analysis and factor loadings. Results: The three components of planning and organizing, continuous attention and response control were significantly influenced by the variables of executive functions (P< 0/05). The five components of resilience also significantly affected the present variable of resilience (P< 0/05). Variables of executive functions and resilience had a direct, positive and significant effect on the success of chess players (P< 0/05). The overall structural effect of executive functions variable also had a significant indirect effect through resilience on executive functions (P< 0/05). Conclusions: By enhancing executive functions, the chances of success and mediation of chess players increased.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of emotionfocused couple therapy and imagotherapy on couple intimacy, quality of relationships, and marital conflict. But research comparing the effects of emotionally-focused couple therapy and imagotherapy on individual adjustment in couples has remained neglected. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of emotion-focused couple therapy and imagotherapy on the personal adjustment of couples in the early years of marriage. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of maladaptive couples referring to neighborhood health and counseling centers in Tehran (1, 8) districts in 2016. Twenty-four couples were selected by voluntary sampling. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (12 couples). Research instruments were: Emotional Couple Therapy Sessions (Johnson, 2004), Imagotherapy Sessions (Hendrix, 2004), and Bell's Compatibility Questionnaire (1961). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Both Emotional Coupling Therapy and Imagotherapy had a significant effect on couple's personal adjustment (p< 0/001). Conclusions: Imagotherapy and couple therapy had an effect on couple's personal adjustment and increased couple's personal adjustment.

Background: Numerous studies have investigated the factors affecting the use of narcotic drugs and examining athletes' self-efficacy, body image and persuasion. But regarding the Explanation of structural equation models, there is a relationship between the tendency to use narcotic drugs in bodybuilding athletes based on self-efficacy, body image, and visibility mediated by the motivation to succeed in the research gap. Aims: The aim of this study was to explain the structural equation modeling relationship between the tendency to use narcotic drugs in bodybuilding athletes in Tehran based on self-efficacy, body image and visualization with mediating motivation for success. Method: It was a correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all bodybuilding athletes of Tehran city clubs in the year 97, 600 were selected randomly. The tool consisted of: Researcher-made Visibility Inventory (1398), Body Image Questionnaire (External, Cache & Mikulka, 1990): Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (Roberts, Tersch, & Blaggy, 1998), Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Schwarzer & Jerosalem, 1981), Nirosan Content Inventory (Habibi et al., 2016). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and mediation effect test. Results: There was a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and body image with the tendency to use inert substances, there was no significant relationship between indulgence and tendency to use inert substances, between indulgence and tendency to use There was no significant relationship between narcotic substances. There was a positive and significant relationship between body image and visibility with motivation for success (P˂ 0/01), there was no significant negative relationship between motivation for success and tendency to use narcotic substances, and between self-efficacy and motivation for success. There was a significant negative (P˂ 0/05). Conclusions: Based on self-efficacy, body image and visualization tendency to use inert substances cannot be explained.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted on the efficacy of psychotherapy and the evaluation of coping abilities and negative emotions of addicts. But research investigating the effectiveness of group therapy psychotherapy on coping abilities and negative emotions of traditional and industrial methadone-treated drug abusers has been neglected. objective: The effectiveness of group corm psychotherapy was on coping abilities and negative emotions of traditional and industrial addicts. Method: The research method was quasiexperimental with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population consisted of all addicts treated by Hope Tomorrow Addiction Treatment Center under Birjand Welfare Organization. Based on available sampling, 45 individuals were selected and replaced in three groups (15 people, traditional drug users, industrial drug users and control group). The instruments are: Bell's Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1961), Lovebond & Lovebird's Depression, Anxiety, Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) (1999), and Mental Therapy Psychotherapy Training (Gholamrezaie and Tehranchi, 2016). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: Group corm psychotherapy had a significant effect on improving emotional adjustment and decreasing negative emotions (p< 0/05). Conclusions: Group therapy can be used to increase coping abilities and reduce the negative emotions of traditional and industrial methadone-treated drug users.

Background: Numerous studies have investigated the experience avoidance, stress, depression and anxiety of veterans. But research comparing empirical avoidance comparisons in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder with depressive, anxiety, and normal syndromes has failed. Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the experience avoidance in veterans with post traumatic stress disorder with depression syndromes, anxiety syndroms and withot syndromes. Method: The method of this study was post-event. Therefore, 35 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder with depression syndrome, 35 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder with anxiety syndrome and 35 post-traumatic stress disorder veterans Primary psychiatrists and structured clinical interviews were selected available sampling. The groups were matched in terms of demographic variables. Acceptance and action Questionnaire (Bondo et al., 2011); Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (Military Edition-1994); Beck Depression Inventory (II-1996); Beck Anxiety Inventory (II-1996) and Demographic Questionnaire Cognition was performed among the participants. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests to compare groups. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the cognitive structure of experiential avoidance in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder with depression syndrome was higher than the other two groups (P< 0/001). Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder with Depression Syndrome had more experience avoidance and escape of thoughts.

Background: Several studies have investigated the factors of infidelity and the creation of extramarital relationships and marital adjustment of couples. But research comparing addiction to marital love and marital adjustment in married couples with and without extramarital relationships has been neglected. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare marital addiction and marital adjustment in married couples with and without extramarital relationships. . Method: The research design was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study included all married men and women referring to Isfahan consultation centers in the spring of 2018 from whom 58 men and 50 women with extramarital relationships and 49 men and 59 women without extramarital relationship were selected as the research samples through convenient method. In order to collect data, Love Addiction Questionnaire (Paybody, 2005) and Extramarital Adjustment Questionnaire (Spiner, 1976) were used. Independent sample t-test was used in order to analyze the data. Results: The results of the analysis showed that two married groups with extramarital relationships and without extramarital relationships are significantly different from each other in the variables of marital adjustment and love addiction (P<0/05) in a way that the married group with extramarital relationships had significantly higher degrees of love addiction and lower degrees of marital adjustment compared to the married group without extramarital relationships. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, it is necessary first to identify the factors creating extramarital relationships through appropriate qualitative study and to attempt to increase love between them through applying couple therapy via improvement of marital adjustment in these couples.

Background: Numerous studies have compared the efficacy of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness awareness and reality therapy and cognitive emotion regulation. . But there is research about comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and reality therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive therapy and reality therapy on emotion regulation in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and a one-month follow-up period using two experimental and one control group design. Mothers of children with autism spectrum in Mashhad were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into three groups of 12 each. Subjects responded to Garnefsky et al. 's (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire before and after the intervention and one month after the follow-up. One group underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Mohammadkhani & Khanipour, 1396) and the other group underwent reality therapy (Wobolding, 2013) for ten 90-minute sessions weekly with no intervention during this period. The control group did not last long. Multivariate analysis of covariance and Scheffe post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of the two treatments on the variable scores of cognitive emotion regulation (P≤ 0/05) and cognitive mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had more effect on mothers' cognitive emotion regulation compared to reality therapy. Conclusions: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used to improve cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.