JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2008 | Volume:6 | Issue:24|Papers Count:9

By the emergence of globalization and the expansion of the media, the impact of culture on psychological and behavioral dimensions, such as self concept has been discussed by psychologists. In Iran, a culture relatively high in collectivism, innovations are felt to be necessary with respect to educational processes and learning.In these research relationships between collectivism and dependent self concept with critical thinking has been assessed among Shahid Beheshti University's students. The research method is correlative and causal comparative. The sampling method is purposive and the sample comprises 350 participants. A questionnaire is used to collect data. This research shows positive correlations between cultural collectivism, dependent self concept and critical thinking. Two-way analysis of variances shows meaningful differences with respect to cultural collectivism, dependent self - concept and critical thinking among the three faculties. It also specifies that students from outside Tehran have higher dependent self concept than those living and studying in Tehran.Gender differences with respect to collectivism, dependent self concept and critical thinking were not significant.

The major aim of this research is investigating psychometric properties of "Self esteem Rating. Scale" (SERS). Because of this after doing preliminary stages and rcmoving possible problems, this scale prepared for investigating validity and reliability. In order to assess reliability using internal consistency and construct validity, 322 students (189 female and 137 male) with mean of age 21.01 (SO =2.17) were selected by cluster sampling. method and in order to investigate test-retest reliability (during 15 days). 50 subjects among studied sample participated voluntarily in this study. Results indicated that dimensions of SERS had acceptable internal consistency (higher than 0.70) and significant (P < 0/05) test-retest reliability. Also In order to investigate of constructs validity of SERS. Pearson Ian product-moment correlation was counted among scores of SERS and four others measurements: Eysenck's Self-esteem Scale. Self- esteem Scale of MMPI-2, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Nowicki-Strickland's Locus of Control Scale. These results indicated appropriate construct validity of dimensions of SERS. As a result, this research provides evidence for appropriate validity and reliability of SERS.

This study was aimed to investigate the association of resilience with indices of vulnerability including psychological distress, depression, and anxiety; and mental health in a sample of the University of Tehran students. Two hundred and fourteen students (97 boys, 114 girls) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Mental Health Inventory (MHI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The results revealed that resilience was positively associated with psychological well-being and negatively associated with psychological distress, depression and anxiety. Psychological health and vulnerability indices are influenced by different levels of resilience through self-esteem, personal competence and tenacity, tolerance of negative affect, control, and spirituality.

The present research has the aim of evaluation of Reliability and Validity of the T.S.U.S. (Tehran Self-Understanding Test) which has been done by the researcher and on the basis of cognitive development theory of Damon and Hart (1982). 142 ones working in channel four T.V. and Psychology and education student have been selected to evaluation of reliability by given 30 questions. And they answered the questions. In this test, every one was asked to determine each quality. The results showed Self-understanding test has face validity (73.65%) and high internal consistency and is meaningful (Cronbach, .84) and there is a high .and meaningful dependence among four Selves test (Physical self, Active self Social self and Psychological self). And also it is determined that sex and marriagc variables have no effect on Self-understanding.

The main goal of this research is survey of relationship between "depression" and "personality traits" on tehranian boys and girls. Statistical population of the research included of pre-university students living in the Tehran city (boys and girls), the sample group has been chosen through the multistage cluster sampling method, for data gathering we used two instruments: 1- Beck depression inventory (BOI).2- Eysenck personality inventory (EPI).For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics (frequency and percent) and for questions test used inferential statistics (T-student and multi-factor variance analysis).The results indicated that: there is no difference between girls and boys on depression degree. There is significant difference between girls and boys on personality traits. There is significant difference between personality traits of girls and boys, and theirs interaction with depression.

The aim of this study was to compare behavior phenotypes in chj1dren with intellectual and developmental disabilities so, using mufti-stage cluster sampling 135 children with mild mental retardation, children with Down syndrome, children with autism, and normal children were selected. Data were collected using child behavior Questionnaire for completion by parent and General Health Questionnaire (28-item form).Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, T test for independent groups, multivariate analysis of variances, and regressions analysis. Results showed that children with intellectual disability had more behavior problems than normal children. Children with autism and children with mild mental retardation showed more behavior problems and normal children and children with Down syndrome showed less behavior problems. Children's behavior phenotypes were related to mother's mental health: children anxiety-depression and maladjustment predicted lower mental health in mothers. Mother's anxiety symptoms and sleep disorder predicted children's total behavior problems, hyperactivity-aggressiveness, and attention deficit. Mothers' depression symptoms predicted anxiety depression in children. Implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions proposed for future researches and therapeutic interventions.

Mass media are the modern world dominant phenomena. they have been the great factors of cultural development of human society, so, the present era is called Communication age TV is especially important for its ambient coverage and easy to obtain and utilize, and it has maintained its validity yet.The social psychology considers the humanity as a social creature, it focus on the moral behaviors of the youth as a social unit. The research has an third channel motivate the youth for violent behaviors in rehabilitation center. It has an important basic role, that could aware them more by sound training and in a simple vouth oriented technique. It could identify the violcnt behaviors and make the vouth aware of them the present study is violence in TV and its effect on Tehran’s youth and teenagers. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the violence in TV program and its effects on behavioral models of the adolescence 11 to 17 age range in Tehran (case study of TV serials of channel 3 in Islamic Republic of Iran vision. In' sample group about 150 adolescence delinquent was selected from borstal which is located in west of Tehran in form of measurement method. The measuring device of this research is questions are with 37 questions for evaluating the data, the Chi two (X2) test or K square is used. The results showed there is not relationship between amount of broad casting violent TV movies or serials in channel 3 and adolescence there isn't meaning relationship between amount of broadcasting movies or serials in channel 3 and adolescence delinquency in borstal. This process would not make distinction by changing in amount broadcasting in serial movies and serials in channel 3. and adolescence delinquency in borstal.