JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2017 | Volume:15 | Issue:60 |Papers Count:11

In recent years, the widespread of MS in Iran has increased to a point that it can be enumerated as a country with high prevalence. Although MS is known as a biological disease, its mental symptoms can affect many aspects of everyday life. Therefore applying psychological interventions to adjust and improve the restrictions imposed into the lives of patients, is essential. This study evaluates the efficacy of therapy sessions using” The Self-review Technique” in reduction of depression, anxiety and stress on patients with MS in a semi-experimental design with control and experimental group and consists of pre and post testing. 26 members of MS society of Iran were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into control and experimental groups by accident. After responding to DASS21, experimental group received therapy sessions based on “ Self-review Technique” for about 3-4 weeks. Every week consists of one therapy session with the duration of sixty to ninety minutes. Control group did not receive cognitive therapy. The results show that this approach has decreased depression significantly (0. 044) and did not made meaningful changes on anxiety and stress.

Ego strength refers to a set of ego functions as one of the personality structures. Normal development process requires ego abilities in coping with id, superego and environmental demands and conflicts. Having a valid instrument is needed to measure these abilities. The aim of the present study was to develop and examine psychometric properties of the Ego Strength Scale (ESS) including construct validity, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Three hundred and twelve Iranian men and women (174 women, 138 men) participated in this study, voluntarily. All participants were asked to complete the ESS, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS). The design of the present study was developmental-practical. Analysis of the data involved exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, Cronbach’ s alpha coefficients for internal consistency, and test-retest for reliability. The results of exploratory factor analysis supported a five factor structure including Ego-control, Ego-resiliency, Mature Defense Mechanisms, Problem-focused Coping Strategies and Positive Emotional-focused Coping Strategies. The convergent and discriminant validity of the ESS were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of psychological well-being, psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affects. All correlation coefficients between the mean scores on the ESS and scores of the psychological well-being, psychological distress, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affects were statistically significant. Coefficient alpha estimates of internal reliability were between 0. 79 and 0. 85 for the ESS subscales. Test-retest reliability of the ESS was also calculated at the range of 0. 65-0. 73 (p < 0. 001). All correlations were statistically significant. It was concluded that the ESS can be considered as a reliable and valid scale to measure ego strength in Iranian samples.

Substance abuse is one of the most important social threats. In next decades this phenomenon will increase explosively. So, it seems quite important to examine all its aspects. Nowadays, substance abuse experts are focusing on impacts of dependency to methamphetamine. Cognitive disorders can be mentioned as one of the most noticeable impacts of methamphetamine. This research was carried out with the aim of assessing various aspects of memory deficits in the individuals in their early full remission phase of methamphetamine dependence, the present study was quasi-experimental research. 40 subjects from the hospitalized addicts in Ebne-Sina Psychiatric Hospital of Mashhad city were selected through convenience sampling who were accompanied by 39 non-addict relatives equalized in view of demographic information, they performed Wechsler Memory Scale. Data were analyzed with Chi2 Pearson Tests, Multivariate Regression Analysis and T independent groups. The study of the deficits of memory quotient and its various aspects showed that with the exception of mental control, the mean standard score in all of the assessed aspects of memory in control group were greater than the experimental group. (p<0. 001). Results proved the long-term influence of taking methamphetamine on memory aspects even during abstinence.

Bio-psycho-social phenomenon of drug abuse is one of the most critical issues facing modern countries that many psychological variables can affect its severity. These variables can affect the duration and severity of substance abuse and can have some roles on these patients' recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotion-based intelligence training on craving reduction in patients treated with methadone. The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest control group. 40 patients with drug use randomly were selected and matched into two experimental and control groups. The instrument included Tiffany craving questionnaire. Emotion-based intelligence training program was administered in twelve 90-minutes sessions for the experimental group. At the end of the study, the two groups completed the questionnaire as post-test. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance. Analysis of variance represented the effect of intervention in reducing the craving (p<0. 05) in patients of experimental group compared to those in control group. The results showed that emotion-based intelligence training has been able to help patients with substance abuse in dealing with situations that cause craving by raising emotion-based intelligence in them.

The investigation of personality and emotional determinants in individual attitudes toward life and marital relationship, due to its key role in physical and psychological well-being, has been the object of various research. This research was conducted with the goal of studying the core self-evaluation as a personality trait, on the one hand, and loneliness as an emotional variable, to predict life satisfaction and marital satisfaction in married women. The reseach method is correlation. To this end, 150 participants were selected by convenient sampling from Tehran city. The assessment tools include Loneliness Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Core Self-evaluation Questionnaire. The result of administrating the Pearson's correlation test and analysis of stepwise regression showed a strong positive correlation between core self-evaluation, life and marital satisfaction, and strong negative correlation between loneliness, life and marital satisfaction in married women (P≤ 0. 001). Also, the role of core self-evaluation and loneliness in relation with family and friends to predict life and martial satisfaction was confirmed. Strengthening positive stable components of personality in forms of counseling, intervention and treatment is effective in the beginning and continuation of a successful marriage.

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders with defects in executive functions as its general feature. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of motor-based cognitive rehabilitation on improvement of working memory in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The present quasi-experimental study followed a randomized clinical trial design (pretest-posttest with control group). A total of 30 children, aged between 7-12, who had referred to different clinics in Tehran and were diagnosed by a psychiatrist with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, were selected using convenience sampling, and then were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The working memory was evaluated via recording N-Back test. independent t-test and mixed ANOVA were run in SPSS (v. 20) to analyze the data. The results of the present study demonstrated that working memory of the experimental group improved after the intervention (P<0/01). In other words, the little difference observed in the pretest between the control and experimental groups in working memory was not significant; however, the scores obtained in the post-test were observed to be significantly higher in the experimental group as compared with those in the control group. The results of the statistical analyses shows that gesture-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy improved working memory in children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder.

Family is a social system and it is considered as one of the important bases of the society. Recognition of influential factors in enhancing this social entity can be a great step toward promotion of the society’ s cultural level. In this study the contribution of three constructs of schema, attachment style and forgiveness in predicting the marital conflict were examined. The study was descriptive and correlational. The sample includes married teachers who were selected through cluster sampling in 1394. Data collection tools are initial schema questionnaires, attachment style scale, forgiveness questionnaire and marital conflict questionnaire. Data was analyzed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results show that among the schemas, the disconnection/rejection schema (p=0. 01, β =0. 12), impaired autonomy and performance (p=0. 01، β =0. 34), impaired limits (p=0/01، β =0. 13), avoidant unsecure attachment style (p=0. 01، β =0. 11), anxious unsecure attachment style (p=0. 01، β =0. 31), secure attachment style (p=0. 01، β =-0. 37) and forgiveness (p=0. 01، β =-0. 63) predicted the marital conflict. The findings mean that higher schema and unsecure attachment style would increase the marital conflict, and higher forgiveness and secure attachment style would decrease the marital conflict.

Infertility, undermines the foundations of marriage life and by causing a fear of loneliness in old ages, it also increases anxiety and reduces assertiveness in infertile women. Due to the increasing infertility, this study was concerned on comparing the assertiveness, anxiety and life satisfactions of fertile and infertile women. The research design of the study was ex post facto. For this purpose, 139 female from some Medical Center and Hospitals (69 fertile and 70 infertile women aged 20 to 50 years) were selected. Data were collected using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HRSA, 1959), Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS, Hudson, 1992) and Assertiveness Schedule (Ruthus, 1973). To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that life satisfaction (F= 516/154; sig= 0/000) and assertiveness (F= 318/554; sig= 0/000) of infertile women compared to fertile women was lower. While anxiety in infertile women (F= 78/025; sig= 0/000) was higher than fertile women. Based on our findings, life satisfaction and assertiveness in infertile women are less than fertile women and in compared with them more likely to suffer from anxiety. Therefore, the use of methods of reducing anxiety and increasing assertiveness in infertile women is concerned.