QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Year:2010 | Volume:- | Issue:48|Papers Count:8

Comparing crimes in different regions of Shiraz, we try to clarify the relation of environmental and local condition to the crime commission. Generally, in this study, the crime distributions in Shiraz were investigated, and by spatial representation of crime together with local data of the place of crime commission, and socioeconomic factors of criminal act and place of it, it has become possible to recognize high criminal places in shiraz districts. The acquired information in this process could effectively help to reduce the crime commission in shiraz districts.In the study, crowd density and amount, darkness and brightness of crime places have considered as independent variable, and the kinds of the committed crimes have considered as dependent variable.The nonparametric statistic with spss software were used to evaluate the hypothesis, also for spatial representation of the crimes we used GIS software.

Globalization has the potential of threatening the traditional cultures and spreading the norms and values of global or Western culture. This is considered as a critical issue for Iranian society that experienced a revolution on the basis of moral and religious values and has proclaimed being distinctive from dominant global culture.Meanwhile, some evidences indicate the violation of traditional and official values by some parts of society; particularly this has been increasing among the youths.This paper addresses the question if there is a relationship between having contact with globalization process and tendency towards global culture and consequently cultural deviancy.This question has been examined by the data which were gathered from a sample of 376 students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, in the spring of 2007. The data indicate having contact with globalization process has a weak positive relation with tendency toward global culture and a positive medium relation with cultural deviation. Nevertheless, the relation between tendency to global culture and cultural deviation is relatively strong.Among the four dimensions of global culture, as defined by Berger, the respondents show a strong tendency towards those which refer to market economy and citizenship rights while their tendency toward the dimension that relevant to Western life style compared to other dimensions, was low. This may support the idea that for studying the expansion of global culture there should be a distinction between its universal and human aspects (such as market economy and human rights) and its particular and Western aspects.

Due to the historical domination of the positivist-quantitative approach over the major part of theories and methods in social sciences, it has been often assumed that the qualitative research is based an unstructured and unorganized methodology. As a result, the qualitative arguments and findings were considered to be not so confident and well-documented. In addition, it is simply supposed that the qualitative methodology has no standards and strategies for evaluation and validation.Therefore, qualitative methodologists have recently attempted to provide a large numbers of validation and evaluation standards and strategies for qualitative research which have more variation and precision in comparison with its quantitative counterpart.In other words, the aim of this paper is to investigate the evaluation of quality in qualitative research and to introduce the strategies and principles of validation and generalization in this methodology. In this respect, while introducing a variety of validation and generalization criterions, some of the most important ones have been discussed.

Safety is a fundamental right and it is a prerequisite for maintaining and improvement of people welfare and health. There are various personal characteristics that affect people's perception of safety. Among them, sexuality is considered to be the key factor. Fear of urban spaces causes demission and damages citizen rights.Space safety depends on surrounding land uses and it is necessary to think about a scheme that decreases harmful influences of private and isolated land usage.Studying related theories, due to the novelty of topic and lack of the native pattern, studies based on world successful experiences (performed on London, Toronto, Dar e sallam, Coventry) have been analyzed. Also in addition to define dependent variables such as land usage and activity, necessary indices have been derived including legibility of space, access to aid services, space surveillance, acquaintance level of space and obtaining night safety.The main hypothesis of the research is if there is direct relationship among land usage and activity level with women safety in public space.Having participative approach, we used likrat spectrum in the questionnaires.The selected zone for operational studies is central district of Tehran located in the south of Imam Khomaini Street which contains various land usages and activities.In other to analyze women safety sense exposed to main land usage, first of all, homogeneous land usages with similar functions are categorized in form of a map due to location. Then the average of women safety is calculated by using T test in each zone. In order to prove the main hypothesis of the research, the relationship between decreasing and increasing diversity of land usage and study zone activity with women safety is evaluated by using Chi-Square test. The results show that the hypothesis is true and Beta test signifies that diversity of activities is more effective than land usage in improvement of women safety in studied space. Besides, conclusion and suggestions are presented.

Native Knowledge consists of beliefs, values, tools, methods and experiences of any ethnics and is created based on their relations with environment. Native Knowledge is conveyed via generations and is accessible, cheap, holistic, oral, alive and environmentally friendly. Iran is famous for Rose Water and exports a large amount of it every year. More than its economic value, it shows Iranian tender spirit to the world.There have been a few ethnographical studies on the way of working, method of making and field of using the tools and even less studies on body skills for handling the tools. In spite of this if we gather and categorize the national and international scattered studies, their weak and power points will be manifest and can be best documented in the meantime.In this article we concentrate on ethnographical studies of Rose Water in detail and try to introduce the usage of traditional tools of making it. While an ethnographical field study is being done, this article which contains glamorous novelty points is published as the first series of the mentioned study.

This article after defining, describing and presenting a brief history of Music therapy, concentrating on how to manipulate music in healing and recovering from illnesses.In this study effectiveness of music on Human Senses will be discussed in three levels regarding general and specific aspects; First: Predomination of feelings and senses. Second: presence of feelings and senses Third: superior foreknowledge which has prolific aspects of Psychotherapy.Then it proceeds with introducing common realms of music therapy around Iran including ethics based on Afro-Culture, ethics effected by Middle-East culture (Shamanism) and Iranian –based ethics.The essential part of the study is based on field study of Porkhani among Turkmen People which covers a historical background. Moreover we focused on the mythology of this ritual in various sources and anthropological study of this ritual among Turkmen People and definitely the performance of this ceremony done by "Rajab Porkhan" as the last survivor of these rituals.Describing Porkhani Stages in details, required tools and instruments, the kinds of patients attending for cure and methods of performance are dealt with functions of music in this ritual. Doing this research, by referring to various theories especially functionalism the author had used deep field study, participatory observation along with interviews.

Regarding political culture, this article is examined the effective factors on political inequalities. After reviewing related literature, we cunstracted political culture. In literature review the role of other issues such as economic development, general social integration, sense of security on political inequality is investigated. We use comparative methodology and secondary analysis technique.Findings show that democratic political culture in relation with economic development, general social integration coalition, have vital role in reducing political inequality.