QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:- | Issue:69 |Papers Count:7

In all scientific disciplines, models have played an important role as the mediator between theory and action and therefore have made the education easier. But among the variety of disciplines, the role of models in the communication science is so highlighted that an independent book can properly deal with the reviewing and comparison of various complication models. To reveal almost all communicational elements and their interactions in a model, this paper has traced a sensible procedure based on the observance of different degrees of magnification in an assumed microscope. With commitment to this suggestion, the paper has inspected the relations between the old communication theory of "meaning seat in the brain, not in the message" and new achievements in the brain nervous system. The paper then suggests that the meaning must be followed in a newly discovered place in the brain’s hippocampus, called "Long-lasting memory" and it’s function relies on macro-molecules of proteins.During the next part, the paper has developed its suggestions in the last version about a main issue or problem in the communication which was "the necessity of the similarity of manifested meaning in the communicatee with the intended meaning in the communicator" - resumed as M' /M – and suggested a new key issue or problem about "the necessity of the similarity of achieved concept by communicatee with the sent content by communicator" – resumed as C' /C -. Then, along with explaining two secondary problems –the strength of the relevance between intended meaning of the communicator and his produced content (briefly called M and C) - and - the strength of the relevance between the achieved concept of communicatee and his/her manifested meaning (briefly called M' and C') -, the paper suggests that communication is a process with four issues or problems.Finally, reviewing the Iranian sages' ideas about communication during past centuries, the paper introduces a new communication element called "the third context".

The feeling of place attachment is one of the most important factors affecting the individual’s relationship with the environment. This feeling encompasses various factors which affect the individual’s quality of life in any place. The existence or non-existense of the feeling of the Place attachment affects the behavior of individuals in the society. This study has been conducted with the aim of studying and comparing the factors which affect the feeling of place attachment among the settlers of Parand New Town (formal settlement) and Nasimshahr (informal settlement). In order to achieve this goal, the researchers tried to develop an appropriate theoretical framework by relying on the existing theoretical perspectives and in the light of that, the research hypotheses were formulated. The required data were provided using the survey method. Based on the Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 392 and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The results of this study indicated that in informal settlement (Nasimshahr), the feeling of place attachment is more than formal settlement (Parand New Town). Also the social capital of the settlers of Nasimshahr was more than settlers of Parand New Town and the cultural capital of the settlers of Parand New Town was more than that of the settlers of Nasimshahr. The regression analysis results showed that the feeling of place attachment in Parand New Town was affected respectively by social capital, attitude towards physical– spatial characteristics and cultural capital and in Nasimshahr it was respectively affected by social capital, cultural capital and attitude towards physical– spatial characteristics. In sum, according to the results, social capital is the main factor that affects the feeling of place attachment in Parand New Town and Nasimshahr.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of "pilgrimage of Imam" and understanding Iranian pilgrims. In examining pilgrimage, four dimensions can be identified: rituals pertaining to the fashion of performing the pilgrimage (practical dimension), beliefs that underlie these actions (belief dimension), social conditions and the individual’s (pilgrim’s) perceptions about this act. The purpose of this paper is to examine and understand the action of pilgrimage from the viewpoint of the actor (the understanding of the actors).We explored the meaning of this action using qualitative research method and grounded theory method. The research data have been obtained through in-depth interviews and the observation method was also used as an auxiliary technique.The findings of this study revealed different patterns of piety. Also it reaches the effect of Iranian’s piety pattern as a key factor in forming each individual’s vision towards pilgrimage and ultimately his/her understanding of pilgrimage. In fact, data analysis has recognized a pattern of piety and pilgrimage in two general categories which includes seven subcategories: Ideological, traditional, intellectual, pseudo-intellectual, ritualistic, ceremonial, and newly emerged. This typology is conducted on the basis of differences of pilgrim’s vision towards religion, pilgrimage, the Imam’s pilgrimage and the effect of these different visions in the act of pilgrimage.

Aristocracy, as an explanatory concept for Iran history, has remained a controversial issue among historical sociologists, who have mentioned that aristocracy has not existed in Iran history. This research carried out with singularity approach and grounded theory method in Gallehdar County, however, resulted in exploring and conceptualizing the khanian macro-landownership and regional aristocracy phenomena, and constructing the theory of continuance of aristocracy of Gallehdar governors in Iran prior to the modern state. The results indicate the longevity of aristocracy, local governance and landownership of Gallehdar governors have been based on local mutual supportive relations (on the one hand, inner- regional, between this aristocratic group and subordinate armed and powerful groups inside the county, and trans-regional relations between this group and governors of regions around the county on the other).