POLITICAL SCIENCE
Year:2012 | Volume:15 | Issue:58|Papers Count:8

One of the most significant and effective classes in the society are the “university staff and elites” being constantly targeted by the soft wars. The existence of university and university staff as the vital elements of the development and transcendence of a country as well as the potentials of the soft power creation necessitates the consideration of their position as one of the main targets of the soft war. Through the investigative-practical objective as well as a documentary-explanatory method, the present research is to consider the situation of the university targets in the soft war and to present the strategies for the protection of them in the dangerous grounds of soundless and soft assaults. The findings of the present research concerning the protection of university staff in the soft war would be the following strategies being utilized in favor of policy makings such as increasing profession, dealing with simple mindedness, managing the hearts and minds of university staff, confronting with fake divine laws, making satisfaction and convincement, developing the level of media literacy, developing a paragon at the university level, increasing the self-confidence of university staff, abstaining from trivial issues, generating favorite products attractive to the youths and university staff, managing the traditional and modern addictions and finally including values in the society and university atmosphere.

Some believe that every explanation from policy should initiate from the nature of human being, his facilities and limitations not from his capabilities. Hence, it has been put away the regional and theological necessities and the policy of human being has been investigated on the basis of the scientific necessities or through the status quo and material facilities. Nevertheless, Motahhari is considered as the one who stood in front of this idea and stated a different one concerning human being and his presence in the society and policy.This article is to answer this question that: What is Motahhari’s anthropology through the theological strategies? How could it be the base and a path for the settlement of the political system’s adversities?The author believes that anthropology is considered as the main issues of the new theology and Motahhari as a theologian has constructed his theological system on the basis of nature to study anthropology accordingly. In his view, human being is of two natural and innate systems, so the priority should not be given to natural system exclusively. Although human being is of material and cultural life and his development journey initiates from physical body, his perfection would be towards humaneness.Since, human being is both selected and selector and through the rejection of Marxist and realistic theory, Motahhari asserts that human being is neither “absolute soul” nor “absolute matter”, so his livelihood and resurrection should be concurrently and he is supposed to do his best in order to achieve happiness through the rejection of his servitude as well as the ownership of others.

Shahab al-Din Sohravardi was one of the great philosophers of the world of Islam living in the sixth century after hijrah. As a creative thinker, he could develop a new plan on the basis of this very creativity and thought. He inferentially stated philosophy and knowledge in his illuminationist wisdom and consequently it was founded a new model of thought in philosophy. The statement of a sort of knowledge being considered as “intuitive knowledge” was the outcome of his trials in field of philosophy.In this article, it has been noted to the three issues of the kinds of insight, the means of insight, and the significance of insight in his view along with the presentation of a brief analysis of his political thought. It has been concluded that there exists a fundamental relationship between the two stated categories in the thought of master of illumination; it means that his political thought would be of epistemology foundation.

This article is to present a virtualized approach from the national identity. The humanistic societies have experienced the diverse patterns towards the foundations of national identity. Some theories have emphasized on the natural elements such as land and race while some others have accentuated on the race as the basic element of national identity. This article proves the role of the two aspects of these micro and macro elements in the development and maintenance of national identity. Nevertheless, it believes that the unity between these elements requires predicate-centeredness (often being ignored) and it is that very common humanistic will for a virtualized life. According to the communistic approach, the way of this identity seeking and life could be different on the basis of the intellect of communities.

This article would be a theoretical and comparative research in filed of two approaches concerning democracy. The main challenge of this article is to find the major differences between the reflective-democratic approach as well as the liberal democracy through the analysis of the reflective democracy as well as the social grounds of its genesis. The researcher believes that the re-identification of this approach would be beneficial to the Iranian society for different reasons. The research would initiate with a general- revolutionary explanation related to democratic theories. A revolution named (deliberative turn) would be defined out of formal- political institutes i.e. culture, and the routine life of people through the change of focus of democracy from the government and policy.To put the other way, the deliberative turn would be a cultural turn in policy. It means that the policy is comprehended as a phenomenon present in all social experiences, in the reconstruction of identities as well as the routine social life. To explain this revolution, it would be considered the historical-political ground of theoretic turn and the political changes which caused the inefficiency of the classical definition of liberal democracy and some of its changes.After that, it would be mentioned the definitions and the principles of deliberative democracy along with the comparison of this approach with the most important theory of alternative, “liberal democracy” as well as their similarities and differences.Following the comparative study of the two models of democracy, the differences of deliberative democracy would be divided into four major domains of institutes, activists, social powers, trends and the domain of fulfillment and finally it would be considered the challenges of deliberative democracy in terms of rival approaches and response to some of them.

The increasing trend of fear-from-Islam in the west has been the reason of a new phase in the relationships between western countries and Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the trial of great powers in dealing with the decent Islam, not only this situation is not well-matched with the facts of Islamic instructions but also it is against the benefits of Islamic Iran. So it is required to identify the strategies of Islamic Iran to set them in the foreign policy agenda intended for the control of the current trend.In the present article, it has been investigated the most significant strategies in favor of the public and formal diplomacy towards the control of anti-Islamism of the west. Formal diplomacy observant of political dimensions and diplomatic channel along with the public diplomacy attentive to media dimension and common thought has taken the effective part in developing culture and making changes in the beliefs and mental images of the addressees.

The major purpose of this article is to consider the sort of the developed identity for the system of Islamic Republic of Iran in view of the constructivism theory of international relationships and to investigate the identity roles of this country in the present and future. Therefore, inspiring from the idea of constructivists concerning identity issue, it would be stated in this article that the existent norms in the regional-Islamic culture emphasizing on Shiite element is considered as the most significant inter-mental sources strengthening the identity of Islamic Republic of Iran system in the internal level which would be the source of the generation of some kind of “revolutionary- Islamic identity” for this country.Through developing and defining particular roles for this state, this identity generates a behavior, direction, and particular policy making prescriptions in the diverse domains of foreign policy and cooperation with the other states in the past, present and future. On the other hand, this revolutionary-Islamic identity on the basis of its strengthening idealistic sources has concurrently included diverse national and international parts for the state of Islamic Republic of Iran in the specific times.On the basis of these very identity characteristics, it could be predicted the behavior and benefits of this country in the future. Accordingly, following the definition of identity in view of constructivism theory, it has been investigated the inter-mental sources giving genesis to the identity of Islamic Republic of Iran system in the internal level and emphasizing on the Islamic instructions and the developed identity parts for this country in the present and the future as well.